The effect of sodium bentonite on growth performance and some blood parameters in post-weaning Tuj breed lambs

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium bentonite supplementation on fattening performance and some blood parameters in Tuj lambs. In the study, 18 male lambs were divided into 3 groups. While the control group was fed with basal ration, the experimental groups were fed with sodium bentonite supplementation 1% and 2% dose in addition to the basal ration. On the 0th, 15th, and 30th days of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of mean live weights, live weight gain, daily live weight gain, daily feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (P>0.05). On the 45th day of the study, the difference between the groups in terms of live weight gain, daily live weight gain and feed conversion ratio were statistically found significant (P<0.05). The difference between glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), ceruloplasmin, albumin, total protein and globulin values of Tuj breed lambs were not statistically significant (P>0.05).The use of sodium bentonite in Tuj breed lambs was statistically found significant in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzyme activities (CAT) (P <0.05). In conclusion, the use of sodium bentonite in Tuj lambs positively affected fattening performance. When the blood antioxidant parameters were examined, increase in SOD and CAT values was protective against oxidative damage in lambs used sodium bentonite. However, the increase in MDA value has doubted the safety sodium bentonite use in lambs.

Keywords

• Blood parameters,lamb,performance,sodium bentonite,Tuj

References

1. 1. AOAC (2000): Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 17th ed. AOAC International, Maryland, USA.
2. 2. Avisar D, Primor O, Gozlan I, et al (2010): Sorption of sulfonamides and tetracyclines to montmorillonite clay. Water Aır Soil Poll, 209, 439–450.
3. 3. Aydemir B, Karadağ SE (2009): Antioksidanlar ve büyüme faktörleri ile ilişkisi. Kocatepe Vet J, 2, 56-60.
4. 4. Azadbakth S, Khadem A, Norouzian MA (2017): Bentonite supplementation can improve performance and fermentation parameters of chronic lead-exposed lambs. Environ Sci Pollut R, 24, 5426-5430.
5. 5. Baurhoo B, Ferket, PR, Zhao X (2009): Effects of diets containing different concentrations of mannanoligosaccharide or antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal development, cecal and litter microbial populations, and carcass parameters of broilers. Poult Sci, 88, 2262–2272.
6. 6. Beltchev M, Roumiana M, Nikolay P, et al (2012): Modified natural clinoptilolite detoxifies small mammal’s organism loaded with lead I. lead disposition and kinetic model for lead bioaccumulation. Biol Trace Elem Res, 147,180–188.
7. 7. Beutler E, Duron O, Kelly BM (1963): Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J Lab Clin Med, 61, 882-888.
8. 8. Christidis G (1998): Physical and chemical properties of some bentonite deposits of Kimolos Island, Greece. Appl Clay Sci, 13, 79-98.

9. 9. Colombo JP, Richterich R (1964): Zur bestimmung des caeruloplasmin in plasma [on the determination of ceruloplasmin in plasma]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr, 23, 715-720.
10. 10. Diaz DE, Hagler WM, Blackwelder JT, et al (2004): Aflatoxin binders II: Reduction of aflatoxin M1 in milk by sequestering agents of cows consuming aflatoxin in feed. Mycopathol, 157, 233-241.
11. 11. Doumas BT, Watson WA, Bıggs HG (1970): Albumın standards and the measurement 01; serum albumin wıth bromcresol green. Clin Chim Acta, 31, 87-96.
12. 12. Dündar Y, Aslan R (1999): Hücre moleküler statüsünün anlaşılması ve fizyolojik önem açısından radikaller, antioksidanlar. İnsizyon Cerrahi Tıp Bil Derg, 2, 134-142.
13. 13. EFSA (2011): Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite) as feed additive for all species. EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Parma, Italy. EFSA J, 9, 2007.
14. 14. EFSA (2013): Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a preparation of bentonite and sepiolite (Toxfin® Dry) as feed additive for all species. EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Parma, Italy. EFSA J, 11, 3179.
15. 15. Elitok B, Başer DF (2016): Investigation of the therapeutic efficacy of sepiolite in neonatal calf diarrhea. Int Biol Biomed J, 2, 110–119.
16. 16. Eng KS, Hutcheson DP, Bechtel R (2003): Adding potassium, clinoptilolite zeolite and yucca extract feedlot diets to reduce nitrogen losses from manure. J Anim Sci, 81, 15-25.
17. 17. Eraslan G, Akdoğan M, Yarsan E, et al (2004): Effects of aflatoxın and sodıum bentonıte admınıstered ın feed alone or combıned on lıpıd peroxıdatıon ın the lıver and kıdneys of broılers. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy, 48, 301-304.
18. 18. Goering HK, Van Soest PJ (1970): Forage Fibre Analysis, Agricultural Handbook. Agricultural Research Service, Washington D.C.
19. 19. Guo H, Miao YT, Xian JA, et al (2015): Expression profile of antioxidant enzymes in hemocytes from freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii exposed to an elevated level of copper. Bull Environ Contam Toxico, 95, 447-451.
20. 20. Gürbüz Y, Alarslan ÖF (2017): Kuzu karma yemlerine ilave edilen farklı pelet bağlayıcılarının besi performansı ve karkas özellikleri üzerine etkisi. Hayvansal Üretim, 58, 15-23.
21. 21. Halici M, Imik H, Koc MÖ, et al. (2012): Effects of α-lipoic acid, vitamins E and C upon the heat stress in Japanese quails. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 96, 408-415.
22. 22. Jiao LF, Zhang QH, Wu H, et al (2018): Influences of copper/zinc-loaded montmorillonite on growth performance, mineral retention, ıntestinal morphology, mucosa antioxidant capacity, and cytokine contents in weaned piglets. Biol Trace Elem Res, 185, 356-363.
23. 23. Khadem AA, Soffizadeh M, Afzalzadeh A (2007): Productivity, blood metabolite and carcass characteristics of fattening Zandi lambs fed sodium bentonite supplemented total mixed rations. Pakistan J Bio Sci, 10, 3613–3619.
24. 24. Mabruka Saleh S (2014): Effect of gender on some plasma biochemical parameters of sheep from Southern Al Jabal Al Akhdar in Libya. J Am Sci, 10, 74–77.
25. 25. Mahesh A, Lohan OP (2008): Effect of various binders on the quality of feed pellets and growth performance of broilers. Indian J Anim Nut 25, 182-187.
26. 26. Meier LP, Kahr G (1999): Determination of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clay minerals using the complexes of copper (II) ion with triethylenetetramine and tetraethylenepentamine. Clay Clay Miner, 47, 386-388.
27. 27. Norouzian MA, Valizadeh R, Khadem AA, et al (2010): The effects of eeeding clinoptilolite on hematology, performance and health of newborn lambs. Biol Trace Elem Res, 137, 168–176
28. 28. NRC (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
29. 29. Oliveira MA, Alves SP, Silva JS, et al (2016): Effects of clays used as oil adsorbents in lamb diets on fatty acid composition of abomasal digesta and meat. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 213, 64–73.
30. 30. Ortiz J, Montano M, Plascencia A, et al (2016): Influence of kaolinite clay supplementation on growth performance and digestive function in finishing calf-fed Holstein steers. Asıan Austral J Anim, 29,1569–1575.
31. 31. Palanisamy GS, Kırk NM, Ackart DF, et al (2011): Evidence for oxidative stress and defective antioxidant response in guinea pigs with tuberculosis. PLoSOne, 6, e26254.
32. 32. Ramos AJ, Hernandez E (1997): Prevention of aflatoxicosis in farm animals by means of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate addition to feedstuffs. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 65, 197-206.
33. 33. Safaei M, Boldaji F, Dastar B, et al (2014): Effects of inclusion kaolin, bentonite and zeolite in dietary on chemical composition of broiler chickens meat. Asian J Anim Vet Adv, 9, 56–63.
34. 34. Sankaya Y, Ulusoy H, Bozdoğan İ (1987): Magnezit ve dolomitli bir kilin adsorplama özellikleri üzerine ısıl aktivasyonun etkisi. 161-167. Bildiri Kitabı: III. Ulusal Kil Sempozyumu. ODTÜ. Ankara.
35. 35. Sen S, Chakraborty R (2011): The role of antioxidants in human health, In: Andreescu S, Hepel M. (Ed), Oxidative Stress: Diagnostics, Prevention, and Therapy. Oxford University Press, New York.
36. 36. Sherwood DM, Erickson GE, Klopfenstein TJ (2006): Nitrogen mass balance and cattle performance of steers fed clinoptilolite zeolite clay. Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports. University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
37. 37. SPSS (2011): Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences, 20th ed., IBM Inc, Chicago, USA.
38. 38. Stojkovic J, Ilic Z, Ciric S, et al (2012): Efficiency of zeolite basis preparation in fattening lambs diet. Bio Anim Husb, 28, 545–552.
39. 39. Su JQ, Chu Xl, Lıu WQ, et al (2009): Clinical application and mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine against chicken colibacillosis. Hubei Agric Sci, 20, 7–8.
40. 40. Su Y, Cen Y, Cen L, et al (2018): Effects of different levels of modified palygorskite supplementation on the growth performance, immunity, oxidative status and intestinal integrity and barrier function of broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim, 102,1574–1584.
41. 41. Subramaniam MD, Kim IH (2015): Clays as dietary supplements for swine: A review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 6, 38.
42. 42. Walz LS, White TW, Fernandez JM, et al (1998): Effects of fish meal and sodium bentonite on daily gain, wool growth, carcass characteristics and ruminal and blood characteristics of lambs fed concentrate diets. J Anim Sci, 76, 2025–2031.
43. 43. Wang J, Hu J, Zhang S (2010): Studies on the sorption of tetracycline on to clays and marine sediment from seawater. J Colloid Interface Sci, 349, 578–582.
44. 44. Wang WB, Wang AQ (2016): Recent progress in dispersion of palygorskite crystal bundles for nanocomposites. Appl Clay Sci, 119, 18–30.
45. 45. Yalçın S, Eser H, Onbaşılar İ, et al (2016): Effects of dietary sepiolite on performance, egg quality and some blood parameters in laying hens. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 63, 25-29.
46. 46. Yalçın S, Yalçın S, Gebeş ES, et al (2017): Sepiolite as a feed supplement for broilers. Appl Clay Sci, 148, 95–102.
47. 47. Yan L, Lee JH, Meng QW, et al (2011): Evaluation of the Anion® supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and faecal noxious gas content in weaning pigs. J Appl Anim Res, 39, 36–40.
48. 48. Yan R, Huı A, Kang Y, et al (2019): Effects of palygorskite composites on growth performance and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 98, 2781-2789.
49. 49. Yazar E, Er A, Uney K, et al (2010): Effects of drugs used in endotoxic shock on oxidative stres and organ damage markers. Free Radical Res, 44, 397-402.
50. 50. Yoshioka T, Kawada K, Shimada T, et al (1979): Lipid peroxidation in maternal and cord blood and protective mechanism against activated-oxygen toxicity in the blood. Am J Obstet Gyneco, 135, 372-376.
51. 51. Zhao HY, Mao XB, Yu B, et al. (2017): Excess of dietary montmorillonite impairs growth performance, liver function, and antioxidant capacity in starter pigs. J Anim Sci, 95, 2943-2951.