Seasonal variation in the nutrient composition of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from farms in Boka Kotorska Bay, Southern Adriatic Sea

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigated the seasonal variation in the nutrient composition of Mytilus galloprovincialis, cultivated in Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro, during all seasons in one year. Biometric parameters, meat yield, condition index, proximate composition, minerals, and the lipid and fatty acid compositions of mussels were analyzed. The most significant factors determining these parameters were temperature, food amount and gametogenesis The biometric parameters showed no significant differences during the sampling period. In the spring, meat yields and mussel condition index increased at substantial levels. Low values od meat yield and condition index during cold months have resulted from food shortage and reproductive cycle, when mussels use carbohydrates and protein reserves. The highest amount of protein was detected in mussels harvested in August (10.76%), while the highest amount of lipids was recorded in the winter months (2.11%). Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were the most abundant PUFA. The concentration of metals found in mussels from the study area is within the range of mean values reported in the literature. Our results indicate that the best period for mussels harvesting was during the spring and summer (April and August), opposite the winter months when the mussels were not favorable for harvesting.

Keywords

• adriatic sea
• Mytilus galloprovincialis
• nutritient composition

References

1. Alkanani T, Parrish CC, Thompson RJ, et al (2007): Role of fatty acids in cultured mussels, Mytilus edulis, grown in Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland. J Exp Marine Biol Ecol, 348, 33-45.
2. Alunno-Bruscia M, Bourget E, Fréchette M (2001): Shell allometry and length-mass-density relationship for Mytilus edulis in an experimental food-regulated situation, Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 219, 177-188.
3. AOAC International (2014): AOAC International, http://aoac.org. (Accessed on 10.02.14).
4. Bokori J, Fekete S (1995): Complex study of the physiological role of cadmium. I. Cadmium and its physiological role. Acta Vet Hung, 43, 3-43.
5. Çelik MY, Karayücel S, Karayücel İ, et al (2012): Meat yield, condition index, and biochemical composition of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) in Sinop, South of the Black Sea. J Aquat Food Prod Technol, 21, 198-205.
6. Cleland J, Bernstein S, Ezeh A, et al (2006): Family planning: the unfinished agenda. The Lancet 368, 1810-1827.
7. Chakraborty K, Chakkalakal SJ, Joseph D, et al (2016): Nutritional and antioxidative attributes of green mussel (Perna viridis L.) from the southwestern coast of India. J Aquat Food Prod Technol, 25, 968-985.
8. FAO 2009-2019 (2019): National Aquaculture Sector Overview. Montenegro. National Aquaculture Sector Overview Fact Sheets. Text by Krasic, M., Mandic, M. In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department [online]. Rome. Updated 27 March 2017.

9. Fernández-Reiriz MJ, Labarta U, Babarro JM (1996): Comparative allometries in growth and chemical composition of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk) cultured in two zones in the Ria sada (Galicia, NW Spain). National Shellfisheries Association.
10. Fernández A, Grienke U, Soler-Vila A, et al (2015): Seasonal and geographical variations in the biochemical composition of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) from Ireland. Food Chem, 177, 43-52.
11. Freites L, Fernández-Reiriz MJ, Labarta U (2002): Fatty acid profiles of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lmk) mussel of subtidal and rocky shore origin. Comp Biochem Physiol B, Biochem Mol Biol, 132, 453-461.
12. Gallardi D, Hobbs K, Mills T, et al (2014): Effects of extended ambient live holding on cultured blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) with reference to condition index, lipid profile, glycogen content and organoleptic testing. Aquac, 430, 149-158.
13. Gökçe MA, Taşbozan O, Çelik M, et al (2004): Seasonal variations in proximate and fatty acid compositions of female common sole (Solea solea). Food Chem, 88, 419-423.
14. GraphPad Prism (2017): Version 7.00 for Windows, GraphPad Software, La Jolla California, USA. Retrieved from http://www.graphpad.com.
15. Karayücel S, Çelik MY, Karayücel İ, et al (2015): Effects of stocking density on survival, growth and biochemical composition of cultured mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck 1819) from an offshore submerged longline system. Aquac Res, 46, 1369-1383.
16. Lobel PB, Wright DA (1982): Gonadal and nongonadal zinc concentrations in mussels. Mar Pollut Bull, 13, 320-323.
17. Maguire JA, Knights AM, O'Toole M, et al (2008): Management recommendations for sustainable exploitation of mussel seed in the Irish Sea. Marine Environment and Health Series, No: 31.
18. Mason SL, Shi J, Bekhit AE, et al (2014): Nutritional and toxicological studies of New Zealand Cookia sulcata. J Food Compos Anal, 36, 79-84.
19. O'Boyle S, Silke J (2010): A review of phytoplankton ecology in estuarine and coastal waters around Ireland. J Plankton Res, 32, 99-118.
20. Ojea J, Pazos AJ, Martınez D, et al (2004): Seasonal variation in weight and biochemical composition of the tissues of Ruditapes decussatus in relation to the gametogenic cycle. Aquac, 238, 451-468.
21. Oliveira AR, Sykes AV, Hachero-Cruzado I, et al (2015): A sensory and nutritional comparison of mussels (Mytilus sp.) produced in NW Iberia and in the Armona offshore production area (Algarve, Portugal). Food Chem, 168, 520-528.
22. Okumuş İ, Stirling HP (1998): Seasonal variations in the meat weight, condition index and biochemical composition of mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) in suspended culture in two Scottish sea ochs. Aquac, 159, 249-261.
23. Orban E, Di Lena G, Nevigato T, et al (2002): Seasonal changes in meat content, condition index and chemical composition of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) cultured in two different Italian sites. Food Chem, 77, 57-65.
24. Phillips DJH, Rainbow PS (1993): Biomonitoring of trace aquatic contaminants. Elsevier Sci. New York.
25. Pirini M, Manuzzi MP, Pagliarani A, et al (2007): Changes in fatty acid composition of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lmk) fed on microalgal and wheat germ diets. Comp Biochem Physiol B, Biochem Mol Biol, 147, 616-626.
26. Regoli F, Hummel H, Amiard-Triquet C, et al (1998): Trace metals and variations of antioxidant enzymes in Arctic bivalve populations. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 35, 594-601.
27. Soetan KO, Olaiya CO, Oyewole OE (2010): The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants-A review. Afr J Food Sci, 4, 200-222.
28. Ventrella V, Pirini M, Pagliarani A, et al (2008): Effect of temporal and geographical factors on fatty acid composition of M. galloprovincialis from the Adriatic sea. Comp Biochem Physiol B, Biochem Mol Biol, 149, 241-250.
29. Vukanić V, Vukanić D, Živić ND, et al (2016): Hydrographic Characteristics and Plankton Structure of the Southeastern Part of the Southern Adriatic Sea. Water Research and Management, 6, 45-53.