Orak Hücre Hastalığı Olan Çocukların Ebeveynlerine Verilen Nonfarmakolojik Ağrı Yönetimi Eğitiminin İki Farklı Ülkedeki Ebeveynlerin Bilgisine Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, orak hücre hastalığı olan çocukların ebeveynleri için hazırlanan nonfarmakolojik eğitim programının ebeveynlerin bilgi düzeyi üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada ön test / son test tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma 163 ebeveynin (109 Chadian ve 54 Türkçe) örneklemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmacı eğitim programını ebeveynlere uyguladı. Katılımcıların bilgisi başlangıçta ve müdahaleden üç hafta sonra incelendi. Eğitimden sonra ebeveynlerin bilgi düzeyleri nonfarmakolojik yöntemler anketi ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Chaddaki orak hücre hastalıklı çocukların 2-3 ayda bir kriz yaşadığı belirlendi. Türkiyedeki çocukların ise 7 ila 1 yıl arasında ağrı krizi yaşadığı saptandı. Nonfarmakolojik yöntemlere yönelik eğitim almış ebeveynler orak hücre hastalığı olan çocuklarda ağrıyı azaltmak için kullanılan yöntemlere yönelik ileri düzeyde bilgi sahibi olmuşlardır. Eğitimin sonunda, Türkiyedeki katılımcılar “resim yapmak ağrıyı azaltabilir, sıcak veya ılık suyla banyo yapmak ağrıyı azaltabilir ve müzik dinlemek ağrıyı azaltabilir” ifadelerini daha fazla bildikleri saptandı. Çad daki katılımcıların eğitim programının sonunda "resim yapmak ağrıyı azaltabilir, pozisyon değiştirmek ağrıyı azaltabilir ve oyun oynamak, dikkat dağıtıcı şeyler ağrıyı azaltır" ifadelerine daha fazla katıldığı saptandı. Sonuç: Orak hücre hastalığı olan çocukların ebeveynleri için nonfarmakolojik yöntemler eğitim programının her iki ülkedeki ebeveynlerin bilgi düzeyini artırmada etkili olduğu bulunmuştur.

Keywords

• Çad
• Çocuk
• Nonfarmakolojik yöntem
• Orak hücre hastalığı
• Türkiye

The Effect of Non-Pharmacological Pain Management Training Given to Parents of Children with Sickle Cell Disease on Parents' Knowledge in Two Different Countries

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of nonpharmacological education program for parents of children with sickle cell disease on parents' level of knowledge. Methods: The study used a pretest/posttest design. The study was conducted with a sample of 163 parents (109 Chadian and 54 Turkish). The researcher gave the training program to the parents. Participants’ knowledge were examined at the baseline and three weeks after intervention. After the education, the knowledge levels of the parents were evaluated with a nonpharmacological methods questionnaire. Results: It has been determined that children with sickle cell disease in Chad have a crisis every 2-3 months. If the children in Turkey were found to experience pain crisis between 7 to 1 year. Parents who have been trained for nonpharmacological methods have advanced knowledge about methods used to reduce pain in children with sickle cell disease. At the end of the training, Turkish participants knew more about the pain reducing effect of giving a "Making pictures can reduce pain, bathing with hot or warm water can reduce pain, and listening to music reduces pain". Nonpharmacological methods, which the participants of Chad know more about the training program; Making pictures can reduce pain, bathing with hot or warm water can reduce pain, listening to music reduces pain Conclusion: Nonpharmacological methods training program for parents of sickle cell disease children was found to be effective in increasing the knowledge level of parents in both countries.

Keywords

• Cad
• Child
• Nonpharmacological method
• Sickle cell disease
• Turkey

Thanks

We would like to express our thanks to the parents who participated in this study. We are grateful to Professor Mehmet Ziya Fırat for data analyses.

References

1. Referans1 Asnani, M.R., Quimby, K.R., Bennett, N.R., Francis, D.K. (2016). Interventions for patients and caregivers to improve knowledge of sickle cell disease and recognition of its related complications. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,10(10):CD011175.
2. Referans2 Ballas, S.K., Gupta, K., Adams-Graves, P. (2012). Sickle cell pain: a critical reappraisal. Blood, 120 (18): 3647-56.
3. Referans3 Barakat, L.P., Patterson, C.A., Tarazi, R.A., Ely, E.B. (2007). Disease-related parenting stress in two sickle cell disease caregiver samples: Preschool and adolescent. Families Systems & Health, 25(2), 147-161.
4. Referans4 Chen, E., Cole, S.W., Kato, P.M. (2004). A review of empirically supported psychosocial interventions for pain and adherence outcomes in sickle cell disease. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 29: 197–209.
5. Referans5 Crosby, L.E., Simmons, K., Kaiser, P., Davis, B., Boyd, P., Eichhorn, T., Mahaney, T., Joffe, N., Morgan, D., Schibler, K., Anderson, V., Quinn, C.T., Kalinyak, K.A. (2014). Using quality improvement methods to implement an individualized home pain management plan for children with sickle cell disease. Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management, 21 (5): 210-217.
6. Referans6 Dampier, C., Ely, B., Brodecki, D., Coleman, C., Aertker, L., Sendecki, J.A., Leiby, B., Kesler, K., Hyslop, T., Stuart, M. (2014). Pain characteristics and age-related pain trajectories in infants and young children with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 61: 291–296.
7. Referans7 Dampier, C., Ely, E., Brodecki, D., O’Neal, P. (2002). Home management of pain in sickle cell disease: A daily diary in children and adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, 24(8), 643–647. Referans8 Demir, Y. (2012). Non-pharmacoogical terapies in pain management. In: Racz G, editors. Pain management - current issues and opinions. World’s largest Science, Technology & Medicine Open Access book. 2012. p. 485-502.
8. Referans9 Edwards, L.Y., Edwards, C.L. (2010). Psychosocial treatments in pain management of sickle cell disease. Journal of the National Medical Association, 102: 1084–1094. Referans10 Haywood, C., Tanabe, P., Naik Beach, M.C., Lanzkron, S. (2013). The impact of race and disease on sickle cell patient wait times in the emergency department. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 31(4): 651–656.

9. Referans11 Hildenbrand, A.K., Nicholls, E.G., Daly, B.P., Marsac, M.L., Tarazi, R., Deepti, R. (2014). Psychosocial and pharmacological management of pain in pediatric sickle cell disease. Postgraduate Medicine, 126 (2): 123–133.
10. Referans12 Jacob, E., Miaskowski, C., Savedra, M., Beyer, J.E., Treadwell, M., Styles, L. (2006). Changes in sleep, food intake, and activity levels during acute painful episodes in children with sickle cell disease. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 21(1): 24-27.
11. Referans13 Jenerette, C.M., Brewer, C.A.B., Edwards, L.J., Mishel, M.H., Gil, K.M. (2014). An intervention to decrease stigma in young adults with sickle cell disease. West J Nurs Res, 36(5): 599-619.
12. Referans14 Lattimer, L., Haywood, C., Lanzkron, S., Ratanawongsa, N., Bediako, S., Beach, M. (2010). Problematic hospital experiences among adult patients with sickle cell disease. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 21(4): 1114–1123.
13. Referans15 Lemanek, K.L., Ranalli, M., Lukens, C. (2009). A randomized controlled trial of massage therapy in children with sickle cell disease. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34(10), 1091-1096.
14. Referans16 Madden, J.R., Mowry, P., Gao, D., Cullen, P.M., Foreman, N.K. (2010). Creative arts therapy improves quality of life for pediatric brain tumor patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 27(3): 133-45.
15. Referans17 Majumdar, S., Thompson, W., Ahmad, N., Gordon, C., Addison, C. (2013). The use and effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine for pain in sickle cell anemia. Complementary Therapy Clinical Practice, 19: 184–187.
16. Referans18 Monti, D.A., Yang, J. (2005). Complementary medicine in chronic cancer care. Seminars in Oncology, 32(2): 225-231.
17. Referans19 National Heart Lung Blood Institute (NHLBI) (2014). Expert panel report on the management of sickle cell disease (draft). 1-251.
18. Referans20 Post-White, J., Fitzgerald, M., Savik, K., Hooke, M.C., Hannahan, A.B., Sencer, S.F. (2009). Massage therapy for children with cancer. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 26(1), 16–28.
19. Referans21 Smith, K., Reinman, L., Jeffrey Schatz, J., Roberts, C.W. (2018). Parent perspectives on pain management in preschool-age children with sickle cell disease. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 35(1) 16–24.
20. Referans22 Thompson, W.E., Eriator, I. (2014). Pain control in sickle cell disease patients: use of complementary and alternative medicine. Pain Medicine, 15: 241–246.
21. Referans23 Thrane, S. (2013). Effectiveness of integrative modalities for pain and anxiety in children and adolescents with cancer: A systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 30: 320–332.
22. Referans24 Vijenthira, A., Stinson, J., Friedman, J., Palozzi, L., Taddio, A., Scolnik, D., Victor, C., Campbell, F. (2012). Benchmarking pain outcomes for children with sickle cell disease hospitalized in a tertiary referral pediatric hospital. Pain Research and Management, 17(4): 291–296.
23. Referans25 Williams, H., Tanabe, P. (2016). Sickle Cell Disease: A review of non-pharmacological approaches for pain. Journal of Pain Symptom Management, 51(2): 163–177.
24. Referans26 Wong, D.L. (2013). Wong’s nursing care of infants and children. (9th ed.). Canada; p. 1420-1433.
25. Referans27 World Health Organization (2011). Sickle-cell disease and other haemoglobin disorders. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs308/en/Accessed 08.08.2017.
26. Referans28 Yoon, S.L., Black, S. (2006). Comprehensive, integrative management of pain for patients with sickle-cell disease. Journal of Alternative Complementary Medicine, 12: 995–1001.