The Relationship Between COVID-19 Infection and Vitamin D Levels

Abstract

Aim: Vitamin D has many known benefits. One of them is that it is immunomodulator. It is also protective against upper respiratory tract infections. It was aimed to examine vitamin D levels in Covid 19 patients, who can cause multi-organ failure and death from asymptomatic infection. Materials and Methods: 580 patients with positive Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR, PCR) test registered in our family medicine system were scanned from the national health data system and 91 patients whose vitamin D levels were checked recently were included in the research group. In addition, 91 people with negative PCR tests with the same characteristics were taken as the control group. Their vitamin D levels were taken from the national health data system. Results: The average age of the Covid 19 patient group was 53, while the control group was 55 years, it was observed 39.60% of the participants were male and 60.40% were female. Vitamin D levels of positive patients, 69.20% (<20 ng / mL) deficiency, 23.10% (20-30 ng / mL) insufficiency, 7.70% (30-149 ng/mL) was found to be optimal and the average vitamin D is 17.61 ng / ml. The vitamin D levels of the control group were found to be 58.20% deficiency, 24.20% insufficiency, 17.60% (30-149) optimal, and the average was 20.75 ng / ml. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is more common in Covid 19 patients, and the average of vitamin D is generally lower in Covid 19 patients. Vitamin D supplementation is important in our fight against Covid 19. Keywords: Covid-19, vitamin D, immunity, level

Keywords

• Covid-19
• vitamin D
• immunity
• level

Project Number

yok

COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu ve D Vitamini Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki

Abstract

Amaç: D vitamininin bilinen birçok faydası vardır. Bunlardan biri de immunmodülatör olmasıdır. Ayrıca üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarına karşı koruyucudur. Asemptomatik enfeksiyondan çoklu organ yetmezliğine ve ölüme neden olabilen Covid 19 hastalarında D vitamini düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Aile hekimliği sistemimize kayıtlı Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR, PCR) testi pozitif olan 580 hasta ulusal sağlık veri sisteminden taranmış ve D vitamini düzeyi yakın zamanda kontrol edilen 91 hasta araştırma grubuna dahil edilmiştir. Ayrıca aynı özelliklere sahip PCR testi negatif olan 91 kişi kontrol grubu olarak alındı. D vitamini seviyeleri ulusal sağlık veri sisteminden alınmıştır. Bulgular: Covid 19 hasta grubunun yaş ortalaması 53 yıl, kontrol grubu 55 yıl iken, katılımcıların %39.60'ının erkek, %60,40'ının kadın olduğu gözlendi. Pozitif hastaların D vitamini düzeyleri, %69.20 (<20 ng/mL) eksikliği, %23.10 (20-30 ng/ml) yetersizliği, %7.70 (30-149 ng/mL) optimal ve ortalama D vitamini olarak bulundu. 17.61 ng / ml'dir. Kontrol grubunun D vitamini düzeyleri %58.20 eksiklik, %24,2 yetersizlik, %17.60 (30-149) optimal ve ortalama 20.75 ng/ml olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Covid 19 hastalarında D vitamini eksikliği daha fazla görülmektedir ve genel olarak Covid 19 hastalarında D vitamini ortalaması da daha düşüktür. Covid 19 ile mücadelemizde D vitamini takviyesi önemlidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Covid-19, D vitamini, bağışıklık, düzeyi

Keywords

• Covid-19
• D vitamini
• bağışıklık
• düzeyi

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Thanks

Corona hastalığı için en önemli faktörlerden biri de kişisel immunitedir. D vitamininin immun sistem üzerine etkileri yatsınamaz. Yaptığımız bu çalışmada da Covid Hastalarında normal populasyona oranla Dvitamini düzeylerinin düşük olduğunu bulduk. İlginiz için teşekkürler.

References

1. -Prietl, B., Treiber, G., Pieber, T. R., & Amrein, K. (2013). Vitamin D and immune function. Nutrients, 5(7), 2502–2521. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5072502
2. - Battault, S., Whiting, S. J., Peltier, S. L., Sadrin, S., Gerber, G., & Maixent, J. M. (2013). Vitamin D metabolism, functions and needs: from science to health claims. European journal of nutrition, 52(2), 429–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0430-5
3. - Aranow C. (2011). Vitamin D and the immune system. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 59(6), 881–886. https://doi.org/10.2310/JIM.0b013e31821b8755
4. - Holick M. F. (2007). Vitamin D deficiency. The New England journal of medicine, 357(3), 266–281. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra070553
5. - Beard, J. A., Bearden, A., & Striker, R. (2011). Vitamin D and the anti-viral state. Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology, 50(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2010.12.006
6. - Cui, C., Xu, P., Li, G., Qiao, Y., Han, W., Geng, C., Liao, D., Yang, M., Chen, D., & Jiang, P. (2019). Vitamin D receptor activation regulates microglia polarization and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats and angiotensin II-exposed microglial cells: Role of renin-angiotensin system. Redox biology, 26, 101295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2019.101295
7. - Grant, W. B., Lahore, H., McDonnell, S. L., Baggerly, C. A., French, C. B., Aliano, J. L., & Bhattoa, H. P. (2020). Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths. Nutrients, 12(4), 988. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12040988
8. - Mendy, A., Apewokin, S., Wells, A. A., & Morrow, A. L. (2020). Factors Associated with Hospitalization and Disease Severity in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Population of COVID-19 Patients. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2020.06.25.20137323. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.25.20137323

9. - Manson, J. E., Brannon, P. M., Rosen, C. J., & Taylor, C. L. (2016). Vitamin D Deficiency - Is There Really a Pandemic?. The New England journal of medicine, 375(19), 1817–1820. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1608005
10. - Holick, M. F., Binkley, N. C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Gordon, C. M., Hanley, D. A., Heaney, R. P., Murad, M. H., Weaver, C. M., & Endocrine Society (2011). Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 96(7), 1911–1930. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0385
11. - Charoenngam, N., & Holick, M. F. (2020). Immunologic Effects of Vitamin D on Human Health and Disease. Nutrients, 12(7), 2097. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072097
12. - Ingham T.R., Jones B., Camargo C.A., (2014). Association of vitamin D deficiency with severity of acute respiratory infection: A case-control study in New Zealand children. Conference: European Respiratory Conference 2014 At: Munich, (Eur. Respir. J. 2014;44:439.)
13. - Sabetta, J. R., DePetrillo, P., Cipriani, R. J., Smardin, J., Burns, L. A., & Landry, M. L. (2010). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and the incidence of acute viral respiratory tract infections in healthy adults. PloS one, 5(6), e11088. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011088
14. - de Haan, K., Groeneveld, A. B., de Geus, H. R., Egal, M., & Struijs, A. (2014). Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for infection, sepsis and mortality in the critically ill: systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical care (London, England), 18(6), 660. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-014-0660-4
15. - Vipul, P., Shuchi, C., Avinash, A., Manish, G., Sukriti, K., & Ved, P. (2017). Correlation of Serum Vitamin D Level with Mortality in Patients with Sepsis. Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, 21(4), 199–204. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_192_16
16. - Han, J. E., Jones, J. L., Tangpricha, V., Brown, M. A., Brown, L., Hao, L., Hebbar, G., Lee, M. J., Liu, S., Ziegler, T. R., & Martin, G. S. (2016). High Dose Vitamin D Administration in Ventilated Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Pilot Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology, 4, 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2016.04.004
17. - Joo, M. H., Han, M. A., Park, S. M., & Shin, H. H. (2017). Vitamin D Deficiency among Adults with History of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Korea Based on a Nationwide Survey. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(4), 399. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040399
18. - Chen, E. Q., Bai, L., Zhou, T. Y., Fe, M., Zhang, D. M., & Tang, H. (2015). Sustained suppression of viral replication in improving vitamin D serum concentrations in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Scientific reports, 5, 15441. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15441
19. - Gutierrez, J. A., Jones, K. A., Flores, R., Singhania, A., Woelk, C. H., Schooley, R. T., & Wyles, D. L. (2014). Vitamin D Metabolites Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus and Modulate Cellular Gene Expression. Journal of virology & antiviral research, 3(3), 10.4172/2324-8955.1000129. https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8955.1000129