Türkiye’de yetiştirilen farklı fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotiplerinin genetik çeşitlilik analizi

Abstract

Fabaceae (Baklagiller) üyesi olan Phaseolus vulgaris L. (fasulye), Türkiye ve dünyada yaygın olarak kullanıma sahip önemli bir tarım bitkisidir. Fasulye üretiminde verimliliği arttırmaya yönelik ıslah çalışmaları yapılmakta ve fasulye genotiplerinin genetik çeşitliliğine yönelik analizler, bu çalışmalar için uygun ebeveynlerin seçimine katkı sağlamaktadır. Ebeveyn seçiminde kullanılan geleneksel yöntemler, uzun zaman ve işçilik maliyetleri nedeniyle pratik değildir. DNA tabanlı markörlerin kullanıldığı moleküler yöntemler, genetik benzerlik ve farkları belirlemede oldukça başarılı olup geleneksel yöntemlere göre daha hızlı ve etkilidirler. RAPD (rastgele çoğaltılmış polimorfik DNA) markörleri, tür içi genetik çeşitliliği belirlemede yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de yetiştirilen otuz yedi adet fasulye (P. vulgaris) genotipi ve dış grup olarak ateş fasulyesi (Phaseolus coccineus L.) kullanılmıştır. İzole edilen bitki DNA'ları, RAPD markörleri kullanılarak PCR (polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu) yöntemiyle çoğaltılmıştır. PCR bant profilleri Phoretix 1D Pro yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Fasulye genotipleri arasındaki genetik çeşitliliği gösteren dendrogram, MEGA 6.0 yazılımı ile UPGMA (aritmetik ortalamalı ağırlıksız çift grup yöntemi) kümeleme analiz yöntemi kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Dendrogramda P. coccineus genotipinin diğer fasulye genotiplerinden ayrı olarak dallandığı görülmüş ve RAPD-PCR yöntemiyle elde edilen genetik çeşitlilik verilerinin fasulye ıslah çalışmalarında etkin olarak kullanılabileceği anlaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Fasulye
• Genetik çeşitlilik
• RAPD-PCR yöntemi
• Islah çalışmaları

Genetic diversity analysis of different bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes grown in Turkey

Abstract

Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean), a member of Fabaceae (Legumes), is an important agricultural plant that is widely used in Turkey and the world. Breeding studies are carried out to increase productivity in bean production and the genetic diversity analyses of bean genotypes contribute to the selection of suitable parents for these studies. Traditional methods of parent selection are impractical due to long time and labour costs. Molecular methods using DNA-based markers are very successful in determining genetic similarities or differences and are faster and more effective than traditional methods. RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers are widely used to determine intraspecies genetic diversity. In this study, thirty-seven bean (P. vulgaris) genotypes grown in Turkey and runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus L.) were used as the outgroup. Isolated plant DNAs were amplified using the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method with RAPD markers. PCR band profiles were analysed using Phoretix 1D Pro software. A dendrogram showing genetic diversity among bean genotypes was created using UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) cluster analysis method with MEGA 6.0 software. It was seen that the P. coccineus genotype branched separately from other bean genotypes in the dendrogram, and the genetic diversity data obtained by the RAPD-PCR method could be used effectively in bean breeding studies.

Keywords

• Bean
• Genetic diversity
• RAPD-PCR method
• Breeding studies

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