Bird species in the Arac Stream of Safranbolu in Türkiye

Görkem Çufalı; Mehmet Çolak

doi:10.46309/biodicon.2025.1588677

Research Article

Bird species in the Arac Stream of Safranbolu in Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 198 - 205, 15.08.2025

Görkem Çufalı , Mehmet Çolak

https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1588677

Abstract

This study was conducted between 2022 and 2023 to identify bird species in the Arac Stream in the Safranbolu district in the province of Karabuk, Türkiye. A total of 54 bird species belonging to 14 orders and 32 families were identified during the survey. Of the species observed, 11 (20.4%) were summer migrants, 1 (1.8%) was a winter migrant and 42 (77.8%) were resident species.
Summer migrants included the white stork (Ciconia ciconia), turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), hoopoe (Upupa epops), bee-eater (Merops apiaster), swift (Apus apus), the bullfinch (Carpodacus erythrinus), tree pipit (Anthus trivialis), black-headed bunting (Emberiza melanocephala), red-rumped swallow (Cecropis daurica), house martin (Delichon urbicum) and crag martin (Ptyonoprogne rupestris).
The results of the study show that the forests and wetlands of Karabuk province provide important habitats and food sources for wildlife, especially birds. The wetlands in the region not only provide temporary shelter for migratory birds, but also contribute significantly to the biodiversity of the wetland ecosystem by hosting resident species throughout the year.
These findings emphasize that the protection of the Arac Stream and its surrounding habitats is crucial for the conservation of regional biodiversity.

Keywords

avifauna , biodiversity , migratory birds , Arac Stream

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK 2209-A

Project Number

1919B012202018

Thanks

This research was supported by the TUBITAK 2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Program (project number: 1919B012202018). We sincerely thank TUBITAK for their financial support and commitment to scientific research.

References

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[4] Gill, F., Donsker, D., & Rasmussen, P. (Eds). (2024). IOC World Bird List (v14.2). IOC World Bird List. https://doi.org/10.14344/IOC.ML.13.0
[5] Nussbaumer, R., Nussbaumer, A., Guchu, S., Hatfield, R. S. M., Kanga, E., Kung'u, G. N., ... & Jackson, C. (2024). Historical Bird Atlas and Contemporary Citizen Science Data Reveal Long‐Term Changes in Geographic Range of Kenyan Birds. Diversity and Distributions, e13935. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13935
[6] Kirwan, G. M., Boyla, K. A., Castell, P., Demirci, B., Özen, M., Welch, H., & Marlow, T. (2008). The birds of Turkey: The distribution, taxonomy and breeding of Turkish birds. London: Christopher Helm.
[7] Kiziroğlu, I. (2019). The pocket book for birds of Türkiye. Ankara: Ankamat Matbaacılık San. Ltd. Şti.
[8] Buechley, E. R., Oppel, S., Beatty, W. S., Nikolov, S. C., Dobrev, V., Arkumarev, V., ... & Şekercioğlu, Ç. H. (2018). Identifying critical migratory bottlenecks and high-use areas for an endangered migratory soaring bird across three continents. Journal of Avian Biology, 49(7), e01629. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.01629
[9] Perktaş, U., & Ayaş, Z. (2005). Birds of Nallıhan Bird Paradise (Central Anatolia, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 29(1), 45-59.
[10] Aslan, A., & KİZİROĞLU, İ. (2003). A study on the ornithofauna of Sakaryabaşı/Eminekin pond and its vicinity. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 27(1), 19-26.
[11] Keten, A., Arslangündoğdu, Z., & Selmi, E. (2012). Düzce-Efteni Gölü Kuş Türleri. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 8(1), 10-18.
[12] Özkan, L. (2022). Düzce Üniversitesi Kampüsünde Kuş Halkalama Metodu Uygulanarak Avifaunanın Belirlenmesi. Doğu Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 14-29.
[13] Newton, I. (2008). The migration ecology of birds. Oxford: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012517367-4.50001-2
[14] Wilcove, D. S., & Wikelski, M. (2008). Going, going, gone: Is animal migration disappearing? PLoS Biology, 6(7), e188. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060188
[15] Runge, C. A., Watson, J. E., Butchart, S. H., Hanson, J. O., Possingham, H. P., & Fuller, R. A. (2015). Protected areas and global conservation of migratory birds. Science, 350(6265), 1255-1258. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac9180
[16] Dikilitaş, B., Güler, B., Uğurlu, E., & Altan, Y. (2016). Ovacık (Karabük) ve çevresinin floristik özellikleri. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.18466/cbujos.02540
[17] Pulatoğlu, A.Ö., & Güney, K. (2022). Yenice Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme Sahası (Karabük/Türkiye) Florası. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 42-64. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1021675
[18] Gregory, R. D., Gibbons, D. W., & Donald, P. F. (2004). Bird census and survey techniques. In W. J. Sutherland, I. Newton, & R. E. Green (Eds.), Bird ecology and conservation: A handbook of techniques. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[19] Buckland, S. T., Anderson, D. R., Burnham, K. P., Laake, J. L., Borchers, D. L., & Thomas, L. (2001). Introduction to distance sampling: Estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[20] Fernández-Juricic, E., Jimenez, M. D., & Lucas, E. (2005). Alert distance as an alternative measure of bird tolerance to human disturbance: Implications for park design. Environmental Conservation, 28(3), 263-269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892901000273
[21] Svensson, L., Mullarney, K., & Zetterstrom, D. (2010). Collins bird guide. London: Collins.
[22] Trakus. (2021). Türkiye'nin Kuşları Kitabı. İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
[23] Kiziroğlu, İ. (2008). Türkiye Kuşları Kırmızı Listesi. Ankara: Desen Matbaası.
[24] IUCN. (2017). The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. http://www.iucnredlist.org
[25] Kushlan, J. A. (1993). Colonial Waterbirds as Bioindicators of Environmental Change. Colonial Waterbirds, 16(2), 223–251. https://doi.org/10.2307/1521444
[26] Peris, S.J., & Rodriguez, R. (1996). Some factors related to distribution by breeding Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis L.). Ekologia Polska, 44: 31-38.
[27] Jokimaki, J., Kaisanlahti-Jokimaki, M. L., Huhta, E., & Siikamaki, P. (2007). Bird species as indicators of environmental changes at tourist destinations. Environment, Local Society and Sustainable Tourism. Rovaniemi, Finland: University of Lapland, 13-22.
[28] Gregory R. D., & van Strien A. (2010). Wild Bird Indicators: Using Composite Population Trends of Birds as Measures of Environmental Health, Ornithological Science, 9(1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.9.3
[29] Nergiz, H., & Tabur, M. A. (2007). The Ornithofauna of Lake the Ornithofauna of Lake Karakuyu (Afyonkarahisar, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology (Turkey), 31(4).
[30] Gürsoy-Ergen, A. (2021). The bird diversity of Ankara University 10. Yıl (Beşevler) Campus. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(2), 325-333. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.888196
[31] Iliker, A., Albayrak, İ., & Tabur, M. (2015). Kızılırmak Vadisinde Kuşları Etkileyen Olumsuz Faktörler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(1), 98-102.
[32] Dudgeon, D., Arthington, A. H., Gessner, M. O., Kawabata, Z. I., Knowler, D. J., Lévêque, C., ... & Sullivan, C. A. (2006). Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biological Reviews, 81(2), 163-182. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793105006950
[33] Şekercioğlu, Ç. H., Anderson, S., Akçay, E., Bilgin, R., Can, Ö. E., Semiz, G., ... & Sağlam, İ. K. (2011). Turkey's globally important biodiversity in crisis. Biological Conservation, 144(12), 2752-2769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.025
[34] Hatfield, J. H., Orme, C. D. L., Tobias, J. A., & Banks-Leite, C. (2018). Trait-based indicators of bird species sensitivity to habitat loss are effective within but not across data sets. Ecological Applications, 28(1), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1646
[35] Watson, J. E., Shanahan, D. F., Di Marco, M., Allan, J., Laurance, W. F., Sanderson, E. W., & Venter, O. (2016). Catastrophic declines in wilderness areas undermine global environment targets. Current Biology, 26(21), 2929-2934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.049
[36] Türkiye Çevre Vakfı (TÇV). (1993). Türkiye'nin sulak alanları. Ankara: Türkiye Çevre Vakfı Yayınları.

Türkiye Safranbolu Araç Çayı'ndaki Kuş Türleri

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 198 - 205, 15.08.2025

Görkem Çufalı , Mehmet Çolak

https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1588677

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Karabük ili Safranbolu ilçesindeki Araç Çayı'nda bulunan kuş türlerini tespit etmek amacıyla 2022-2023 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, 14 takım ve 32 familyaya ait toplam 54 kuş türü tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen türlerden 11 (%20,4) yaz göçmeni, 1 (%1,8) kış göçmeni ve 42 (%77,8) yerli türdür.
Yaz göçmeni türlerden Leylek (Ciconia ciconia), Üveyik (Streptopelia turtur), İbibik (Upupa epops), Arıkuşu (Merops apiaster), Ebabil (Apus apus), Çütre (Carpodacus erythrinus), Ağaç incirkuşu (Anthus trivialis), Karabaşlı çinte (Emberiza melanocephala), Kızıl kırlangıç (Cecropis daurica), Ev kırlangıcı (Delichon urbicum) ve Kaya kırlangıcı (Ptyonoprogne rupestris)’nın yayılış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Çalışma sonucunda, Karabük ilinin ormanları ve sulak alanlarının, özellikle kuşlar başta olmak üzere yaban hayatı için kritik öneme sahip habitat ve besin kaynakları sağladığını görülmüştür. Bölgedeki sulak alanların, göçmen kuşlara geçici barınma imkânı sunmasının yanı sıra, yerli türlere yıl boyunca ev sahipliği yaparak sulak alan ekosisteminin biyolojik çeşitliliğine önemli katkıda bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Araç Çayı ve çevresindeki habitatların korunması, bölgesel biyoçeşitliliğin sürdürülmesi açısından kritik önem taşımaktadır.

Keywords

Kuş faunası , Biyoçeşitlilik , Göçmen kuşlar , Araç Çayı

Project Number

1919B012202018

References

[1] Şekercioğlu, Ç. H., Wenny, D. G., & Whelan, C. J. (Eds.). (2016). Why birds matter: Avian ecological function and ecosystem services. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[2] Whelan, C. J., Şekercioğlu, Ç. H., & Wenny, D. G. (2015). Why birds matter: from economic ornithology to ecosystem services. Journal of Ornithology, 156(1), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-015-1229-y
[3] Jetz, W., Thomas, G. H., Joy, J. B., Hartmann, K., & Mooers, A. O. (2012). The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature, 491(7424), 444-448. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11631
[4] Gill, F., Donsker, D., & Rasmussen, P. (Eds). (2024). IOC World Bird List (v14.2). IOC World Bird List. https://doi.org/10.14344/IOC.ML.13.0
[5] Nussbaumer, R., Nussbaumer, A., Guchu, S., Hatfield, R. S. M., Kanga, E., Kung'u, G. N., ... & Jackson, C. (2024). Historical Bird Atlas and Contemporary Citizen Science Data Reveal Long‐Term Changes in Geographic Range of Kenyan Birds. Diversity and Distributions, e13935. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13935
[6] Kirwan, G. M., Boyla, K. A., Castell, P., Demirci, B., Özen, M., Welch, H., & Marlow, T. (2008). The birds of Turkey: The distribution, taxonomy and breeding of Turkish birds. London: Christopher Helm.
[7] Kiziroğlu, I. (2019). The pocket book for birds of Türkiye. Ankara: Ankamat Matbaacılık San. Ltd. Şti.
[8] Buechley, E. R., Oppel, S., Beatty, W. S., Nikolov, S. C., Dobrev, V., Arkumarev, V., ... & Şekercioğlu, Ç. H. (2018). Identifying critical migratory bottlenecks and high-use areas for an endangered migratory soaring bird across three continents. Journal of Avian Biology, 49(7), e01629. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.01629
[9] Perktaş, U., & Ayaş, Z. (2005). Birds of Nallıhan Bird Paradise (Central Anatolia, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 29(1), 45-59.
[10] Aslan, A., & KİZİROĞLU, İ. (2003). A study on the ornithofauna of Sakaryabaşı/Eminekin pond and its vicinity. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 27(1), 19-26.
[11] Keten, A., Arslangündoğdu, Z., & Selmi, E. (2012). Düzce-Efteni Gölü Kuş Türleri. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 8(1), 10-18.
[12] Özkan, L. (2022). Düzce Üniversitesi Kampüsünde Kuş Halkalama Metodu Uygulanarak Avifaunanın Belirlenmesi. Doğu Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 14-29.
[13] Newton, I. (2008). The migration ecology of birds. Oxford: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012517367-4.50001-2
[14] Wilcove, D. S., & Wikelski, M. (2008). Going, going, gone: Is animal migration disappearing? PLoS Biology, 6(7), e188. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060188
[15] Runge, C. A., Watson, J. E., Butchart, S. H., Hanson, J. O., Possingham, H. P., & Fuller, R. A. (2015). Protected areas and global conservation of migratory birds. Science, 350(6265), 1255-1258. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac9180
[16] Dikilitaş, B., Güler, B., Uğurlu, E., & Altan, Y. (2016). Ovacık (Karabük) ve çevresinin floristik özellikleri. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.18466/cbujos.02540
[17] Pulatoğlu, A.Ö., & Güney, K. (2022). Yenice Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme Sahası (Karabük/Türkiye) Florası. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 42-64. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1021675
[18] Gregory, R. D., Gibbons, D. W., & Donald, P. F. (2004). Bird census and survey techniques. In W. J. Sutherland, I. Newton, & R. E. Green (Eds.), Bird ecology and conservation: A handbook of techniques. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[19] Buckland, S. T., Anderson, D. R., Burnham, K. P., Laake, J. L., Borchers, D. L., & Thomas, L. (2001). Introduction to distance sampling: Estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[20] Fernández-Juricic, E., Jimenez, M. D., & Lucas, E. (2005). Alert distance as an alternative measure of bird tolerance to human disturbance: Implications for park design. Environmental Conservation, 28(3), 263-269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892901000273
[21] Svensson, L., Mullarney, K., & Zetterstrom, D. (2010). Collins bird guide. London: Collins.
[22] Trakus. (2021). Türkiye'nin Kuşları Kitabı. İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
[23] Kiziroğlu, İ. (2008). Türkiye Kuşları Kırmızı Listesi. Ankara: Desen Matbaası.
[24] IUCN. (2017). The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. http://www.iucnredlist.org
[25] Kushlan, J. A. (1993). Colonial Waterbirds as Bioindicators of Environmental Change. Colonial Waterbirds, 16(2), 223–251. https://doi.org/10.2307/1521444
[26] Peris, S.J., & Rodriguez, R. (1996). Some factors related to distribution by breeding Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis L.). Ekologia Polska, 44: 31-38.
[27] Jokimaki, J., Kaisanlahti-Jokimaki, M. L., Huhta, E., & Siikamaki, P. (2007). Bird species as indicators of environmental changes at tourist destinations. Environment, Local Society and Sustainable Tourism. Rovaniemi, Finland: University of Lapland, 13-22.
[28] Gregory R. D., & van Strien A. (2010). Wild Bird Indicators: Using Composite Population Trends of Birds as Measures of Environmental Health, Ornithological Science, 9(1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.9.3
[29] Nergiz, H., & Tabur, M. A. (2007). The Ornithofauna of Lake the Ornithofauna of Lake Karakuyu (Afyonkarahisar, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology (Turkey), 31(4).
[30] Gürsoy-Ergen, A. (2021). The bird diversity of Ankara University 10. Yıl (Beşevler) Campus. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 14(2), 325-333. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.888196
[31] Iliker, A., Albayrak, İ., & Tabur, M. (2015). Kızılırmak Vadisinde Kuşları Etkileyen Olumsuz Faktörler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(1), 98-102.
[32] Dudgeon, D., Arthington, A. H., Gessner, M. O., Kawabata, Z. I., Knowler, D. J., Lévêque, C., ... & Sullivan, C. A. (2006). Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biological Reviews, 81(2), 163-182. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793105006950
[33] Şekercioğlu, Ç. H., Anderson, S., Akçay, E., Bilgin, R., Can, Ö. E., Semiz, G., ... & Sağlam, İ. K. (2011). Turkey's globally important biodiversity in crisis. Biological Conservation, 144(12), 2752-2769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.025
[34] Hatfield, J. H., Orme, C. D. L., Tobias, J. A., & Banks-Leite, C. (2018). Trait-based indicators of bird species sensitivity to habitat loss are effective within but not across data sets. Ecological Applications, 28(1), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1646
[35] Watson, J. E., Shanahan, D. F., Di Marco, M., Allan, J., Laurance, W. F., Sanderson, E. W., & Venter, O. (2016). Catastrophic declines in wilderness areas undermine global environment targets. Current Biology, 26(21), 2929-2934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.049
[36] Türkiye Çevre Vakfı (TÇV). (1993). Türkiye'nin sulak alanları. Ankara: Türkiye Çevre Vakfı Yayınları.

There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Zoology (Other)
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Görkem Çufalı 0009-0007-2126-5007 Mehmet Çolak 0000-0001-6879-6701
Project Number	1919B012202018
Submission Date	November 20, 2024
Acceptance Date	February 12, 2025
Early Pub Date	May 21, 2025
Publication Date	August 15, 2025
Published in Issue	Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Çufalı, G., & Çolak, M. (2025). Bird species in the Arac Stream of Safranbolu in Türkiye. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 18(2), 198-205. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1588677

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