Research Article

Avifaunal diversity and seasonal dynamics of Başkent National Park: An urban hotspot in Ankara

Volume: 19 Number: 3 September 15, 2026
TR EN

Avifaunal diversity and seasonal dynamics of Başkent National Park: An urban hotspot in Ankara

Abstract

Purpose: The decline in green spaces due to rapidly increasing urbanisation is putting pressure on biodiversity. As a key component of biodiversity, birds are distinguished by their sensitivity to environmental variables and by their fundamental roles within ecosystems. The objective of this research is to document the avifaunal diversity of Başkent National Park, an urban hotspot in Ankara, while analyzing its significance for biodiversity in a metropolitan environment Method: To determine the bird diversity of the Başkent National Park, a total of 21 observations were made between 2 October 2022 and 12 September 2023. The transect counting method was utilized during the fieldwork. Additionally, two separate botanical field studies were conducted on 1 September 2023 and 7 September 2023 to determine the park's plant diversity. The literature was consulted to identify bird and plant species. Findings: The research identified 55 bird species belonging to 23 families. When examining the taxonomic distribution, the Passeriformes (songbirds) order was clearly dominant in the area, with 39 species (70.9%). The highest diversity by family was observed in the Muscicapidae (flycatchers) group with 7 species (12.7%), followed by Sylviidae (9.1%) and Accipitridae, Acrocephalidae, Corvidae, and Fringillidae (7.3%). The temporal variation in species richness followed a pattern consistent with migration periods. A total of 106 species were identified in the botanical surveys conducted. Conclusion: The plant species identified in the study provide shelter and food sources for birds. The artificial ponds, extensive open spaces, and monumental trees within the Başkent National Park demonstrate that it offers a wide variety of microhabitats for urban avifauna. This study shows that parks within cities can harbour high levels of biodiversity. Keywords: avifauna, biodiversity, Ankara, citizen science, urbanisation

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No Funding Received

Project Number

yok

Ethical Statement

This study does not require ethical approval

Thanks

We would like to thank Altındağ Municipality for initiating this study by requesting an investigation into the park's biodiversity; Ahmet ERGEN, Arda FARUZLU, Yiğit Efe SEVİNÇLİ, and all Eymir Ornithological Research Center volunteers for supporting us in the fieldwork; and the valuable eBird users who made citizen science possible.

References

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  6. [6] Kirwan, G., Demirci, B., Welch, H., Boyla, K., Özen, M., Castell, P., & Marlow, T. (2010). The birds of Turkey. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  7. [7] eBird. (2026). Ankara, TR-06. Retrieved February 9, 2026, from https://ebird.org/region/TR-06
  8. [8] Yapı & Yapı. (n.d.). Başkent Millet Bahçesi [Başkent National Park]. Retrieved February 9, 2026, from https://www.yapi-yapi.com.tr/projeler/baskent-millet-bahcesi/22

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Zoology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 15, 2026

Submission Date

April 15, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 29, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 19 Number: 3

APA
Yalaz, H., Gürgen, F. E., Akgün, A., Gökgöz, M. E., Atmaca, B., Körüklü, S. T., & Gürsoy Ergen, A. (2026). Avifaunal diversity and seasonal dynamics of Başkent National Park: An urban hotspot in Ankara. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 19(3), 276-289. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2026.1931058
AMA
1.Yalaz H, Gürgen FE, Akgün A, et al. Avifaunal diversity and seasonal dynamics of Başkent National Park: An urban hotspot in Ankara. BioDiCon. 2026;19(3):276-289. doi:10.46309/biodicon.2026.1931058
Chicago
Yalaz, Havva, Furkan Efe Gürgen, Ayşenur Akgün, et al. 2026. “Avifaunal Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Başkent National Park: An Urban Hotspot in Ankara”. Biological Diversity and Conservation 19 (3): 276-89. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2026.1931058.
EndNote
Yalaz H, Gürgen FE, Akgün A, Gökgöz ME, Atmaca B, Körüklü ST, Gürsoy Ergen A (September 1, 2026) Avifaunal diversity and seasonal dynamics of Başkent National Park: An urban hotspot in Ankara. Biological Diversity and Conservation 19 3 276–289.
IEEE
[1]H. Yalaz et al., “Avifaunal diversity and seasonal dynamics of Başkent National Park: An urban hotspot in Ankara”, BioDiCon, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 276–289, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.46309/biodicon.2026.1931058.
ISNAD
Yalaz, Havva - Gürgen, Furkan Efe - Akgün, Ayşenur - Gökgöz, Mustafa Esad - Atmaca, Bedirhan - Körüklü, Selçuk Tuğrul - Gürsoy Ergen, Arzu. “Avifaunal Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Başkent National Park: An Urban Hotspot in Ankara”. Biological Diversity and Conservation 19/3 (September 1, 2026): 276-289. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2026.1931058.
JAMA
1.Yalaz H, Gürgen FE, Akgün A, Gökgöz ME, Atmaca B, Körüklü ST, Gürsoy Ergen A. Avifaunal diversity and seasonal dynamics of Başkent National Park: An urban hotspot in Ankara. BioDiCon. 2026;19:276–289.
MLA
Yalaz, Havva, et al. “Avifaunal Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Başkent National Park: An Urban Hotspot in Ankara”. Biological Diversity and Conservation, vol. 19, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 276-89, doi:10.46309/biodicon.2026.1931058.
Vancouver
1.Havva Yalaz, Furkan Efe Gürgen, Ayşenur Akgün, Mustafa Esad Gökgöz, Bedirhan Atmaca, Selçuk Tuğrul Körüklü, Arzu Gürsoy Ergen. Avifaunal diversity and seasonal dynamics of Başkent National Park: An urban hotspot in Ankara. BioDiCon. 2026 Sep. 1;19(3):276-89. doi:10.46309/biodicon.2026.1931058

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