Survey of entomopathogenic organisms of the Cantharis livida Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) in Turkey

Abstract

In the present study, one cephaline (septate) gregarine and mermithid infections were reported from the Cantharidae family for the first time. These infections were determined from different populations of Cantharis livida L. 1758 (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) in Turkey. During the observations, the main life stages of the current gregarine like trophozoite, gamont associative form (syzygy) and gametocyst stages were observed. The gamont stage which separated into two parts by septum as protomerite and deutomerite was the most common stage in the host gut and ovocylindrical gamonts measured 240.4 ± 29.0 (154.5-306.2; n=40) μm in length. The mermithid infection was observed only in two samples which were collected from Rize (total infection rate 3.22%). The determined juvenile forms were measured 270-281 μm in width and 68.6-79.98 mm in length.

Keywords

• Cantharidae
• Cantharis livida
• Coleoptera
• gregarine
• mermithid

Türkiye deki Cantharis livida Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)’nın entomopatojenik organizmalarının araştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Cantharidae familyasında ilk kez enfeksiyon yapan bir gregarin ve mermitid enfeksiyonu tespit edilmiştir. Bu enfeksiyonlar Türkiye'deki farklı Cantharis livida L. 1758 (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) popülasyonlarından belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sırasında gregarine patojenine ait ana yaşam evreleri (Trofozoit, Gamont, sizigi ve gametosit) gözlendi. Septum yapısı ile protomerit ve deutomerit olarak iki kısma ayrılan Gamont aşaması konak bağırsağında en sık rastlanan aşamadır ve 240.4 ± 29.0 (154.5-306.2; n=40) μm boyutlarında ölçülmüştür. Mermitid enfeksiyonu sadece Rize ilindeki popülasyonda iki örnekte gözlenmiştir (toplam enfeksiyon oranı% 3.22). tespit edilen juvenil formları 270-281 μm genişliğinde ve 68.6-79.98 mm uzunluğunda ölçülmüştür.

Keywords

• Cantharidae
• Cantharis livida
• Coleoptera
• gregarine
• mermith

References

1. [1] Schuber, J., M., Monteiro, L., B., Almeida, L., M., & Zawadneak, M., A., C. (2012). Natural enemies associated to aphids in peach orchards in Araucária, Paraná, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 72, 847–852.
2. [2] Yıldırım, E., Kopetz, A., & Bulak, Y. (2011). Contribution to the knowledge of the Cantharidae (Coleoptera) fauna of Turkey. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 43(2), 1641-1646.
3. [3] Gümüş, A., & Avcı, M. (2015). Poplar pest insects and their predators in Isparta province. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 16(2), 111-129.
4. [4] Kaya, H., K., & Vega, F., E. (2012). Scope and basic principles of insect pathology. In H. K. Kaya & F. E. Vega (Eds.), Insect Pathology (pp. 1-12). London: Elsevier Inc.
5. [5] Boucias, D., G., & Pendland, J., C. (1998). Principles of Insect Pathology. Boston: Kluwer Academic.
6. [6] Cantwell, G., E. (Ed.). (1974). Insect Diseases, Vols. 1 and 2. New York: Marcel Dekker.
7. [7] Tanada, Y., & Kaya, H., K. (1993). Insect Pathology. San Diego: Academic Press.
8. [8] Eilenberg, J., Bresciani, J., & Martin, J. (1987). Entomophthora species with E. muscae-like primary spores on two new insect orders, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. Nordic Journal of Botany, 7, 577-584.

9. [9] Nielsen, O., & Philipsen, H. (2003). Danish surveys on insects naturally infected with entomopathogenic nematodes. Insect Pathogens and Insect Parasitic Nematodes IOBC wprs Bulletin, 26 (1), 131-136.
10. [10] Purrini, V., K. (1980). Pleistophora malthodes sp. n. (Microsporidia, Protozoa) eine neue Mikrosporidie aus Malthodes fuscus Waltl. (Cantharidae, Coleoptera). Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz, 53, 87-88.
11. [11] Steinkraus, D., C., Hajek, A., E., & Liebherr, J., K. (2017). Zombie soldier beetles: Epizootics in the goldenrod soldier beetle, Chauliognathus pensylvanicus (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) caused by Eryniopsis lampyridarum (Entomophthoromycotina: Entomophthoraceae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 148, 51–59.
12. [12] Wheeler, A., G. (1988). Violent deaths" of soldier beetles (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) revisited: new records of the fungal pathogen Eryniopsis lampyridarum (Zygomycetes: Entomophthoraceae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 42(3), 233-236.
13. [13] Bekircan, Ç., Tokarev, Y., Tosun, O., & Baki, H. (2016). Detection of Neogregarine and Eugregarine Apicomplexa Infections from Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid 1825) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences, 1(2), 59-64.
14. [14] Bekircan, Ç., Baki, H., & Tosun, O. (2018). The Distribution of Aranciocystis muskarensis (Neogregarinida: Ophryocystidae) in Populations of Anisoplia segetum Herbst (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Turkey and Its Relationship with Climatic Factors. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 5(2), 146-152.
15. [15] Lipa, J., J. (1967). Studies on Gregarines (Gregarinomorpha) of Arthropods in Poland. Acta Protozoologica, 5, 97-179.
16. [16] Poinar, G., O. (1988). Nematode parasites of Chrysomelidae. In E. Petitpierre, T. H. Hsiao, & P. H. Jolivet (Eds.), Biology of Chrysomelidae (pp. 433- 448), Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
17. [17] Perkins, F., O., Barta, J., R., Clopton, R., E., Pierce, M., A., & Upton, S., J. (2002). Phylum Apicomplexa Levine, 1970. In: J. J. Lee, G. F. Leedale, & P. Bradbury (Eds.), An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa (second ed., vol. 1.) Lawrence, KS, USA, Society of Protozoologists.
18. [18] Théodoridés, J. (1988). Gregarines of Chrysomelidae. In E. Petitpierre, T. H. Hsiao, & P. H. Jolivet (Eda.), Biology of Chrysomelidae, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 417-431.
19. [19] Tosun, O., Yaman, M., & Aydin, Ç. (2008). Parasites of Phyllotreta atra (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Trabzon. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 32(2), 153-157.
20. [20] Yıldırım, H., Tosun, O., & Bekircan, Ç. (2019). The First Record af A Gregarine Pathogen from Altica hampei (Allard, 1867) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 22(5), 799-805.
21. [21] Yaman, M., Tosun, O., Lıpa, J., J., & Aslan, İ. (2011). First Records of A Gregarine Pathogen and A Mermithid Parasite from Chrysolina fastuosa (Scopoli 1763) (Coleoptera: Hrysomelidae). North-Western Journal of Zoology, 7(1), 105-111
22. [22] Petersen, J., J. (1985). Nematodes as biological control agents: Part 1. Mermithidae, In J. R. Baker & R. Muller (Eds). Advances in Parasitology (pp 307–344). London: Academic Press.
23. [23] Kaiser, H. (1991). Terrestrial and semiterretrial Mermithidae. In W. R. Nickle, M. Dekker (Eds.), Manual of Agricultural Nematology (pp. 899-965). New York.
24. [24] Drea, U., Gruber, F., Fuester, R., W., Mercadier, G., & Hoyer, H. (1997). Observations on Hexamermis albicans (Nematoda: Mermithidae) recovered from Lymantria dispar and Stilpnotia salicis (Lep: Lymantriidae) in West Germany and Austria. Entomophaga 22, 141-146.
25. [25] Steiner, G. (1924). Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Mermithidae. 2 Teil. Mermithiden aus Paraguay in der Sammlung des Zoology. Museums zu Berlin. Zentralblatt fuer akteriologie Parasitenkunde Infektionskrankheiten. 62, 90 - 110.
26. [26] Mazza, G., Paoli, F., Strangi, A., Torrini, G., Marianelli, L., Peverieri, G. S., … Poinar, G. O. (2017). Hexamermis popilliae n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitizing the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Italy. Systematic Parasitology, 94(8), 915–926. doi:10.1007/s11230-017-9746-0
27. [27] Mennan, S., & Ertürk, Ö. (2006). First record of parasitism of a Mermithidae (Nematoda) on Leptinotersa decemlineata (Col: Chrysomelidae) in Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Nematology. 24, 39-43.
28. [28] Yaman, M., Tosun, O., & Aydın, Ç. (2009). Occurrence of The Pathogens and Parasites of Phyllotreta undulata (Coleoptrea: Chrysomelidae) İn Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 33, 139-146.
29. [29] Bekircan, Ç., Tosun, O., & Yıldırım, H., (2019 Aralık 27-29). Kızılağaç Yaprak Böceği Agelastica alni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) de Türkiye İçin İlk Mermitid (Mermithida: Mermithidae) Enfeksiyonu Kaydı, 2. Uluslararası 19 Mayıs Yenilikçi Bilimsel Yaklaşımlar Kongresi, Samsun Türkiye
30. [30] Yaman, M. (2002). Gregarina phyllotretae (Hoshide, 1953), a Protozoan Parasite of the Flea Beetles, Phyllotreta undulata and P. atra (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Turkey. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 37(4), 649-53.
31. [31] Yaman, M. (2004). A Newly Recorded Gregarine Parasite of Chaetocnema tibialis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 28(1), 95-96.
32. [32] Yaman, M. (2007). Gregarina typographi Fuchs, a gregarine pathogen of the six-toothed pine bark beetle, Ips sexdentatus (Boerner) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 31, 359-363.
33. [33] Yaman, M., Tosun, O., & Aslan, İ. (2008). On The Occurrence of A Gregarine Parasite from Psylloides cupreus (Koch 1803) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Turkey. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 4(1), 167-172.
34. [34] Yaman, M., & Baki, H. (2010). The First Record of Gregarina typographi Fuchs. (Protista: Apicomplexa: Gregarinidae) from the European Spruce Bark Beetle, Ips typographus (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae:Scoltinae) in Turkey. Turkish journal of Parasitology, 34 (4), 179-82