Usability of Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst, Atriplex canescens (Pursh.) Nutt, Quercus infectoria G. Olivier and Quercus robur L. as Feed

Abstract

In this study, nutrient contents, nutritive values and rumen ingestibility of Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst, Atriplex canescens (Pursh.) Nutt, Quercus infectoria G. Olivier and Q. robur L. were investigated by laboratory studies and so studies conducted with cannulated rams. The plants within the scope of the study were examined in terms of their raw protein, dry matter, raw ash, organic matter, raw oil, ADF, NDF, ADL, ingestibility in 48 hours, digestible protein, metabolizable energy, relative feed value and their P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn contents. In terms of nutrient content and feed values, a ranking as A. canescens, K. ceratoides, Q. infectoria and Q. robur was determined and it was revealed that these plants could be used in animal feeding.

Keywords

• Krascheninnikovia ceratoides
• Atriplex canescens
• Quercus infectoria
• Quercus robur
• nutrient content
• digestibility

Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst, Atriplex canescens (Pursh.) Nutt, Quercus infectoria G. Olivier ve Quercus robur L.’un Yem Olarak Kullanılabilirliği

Abstract

Bu çalışmada; hayvancılıkta, yetersiz mera idaresi sonucu dejenere olmuş veya marjinal alanlarda ilave yem katkısı ile yem desteği sağlayacak Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst, Atriplex canescens (Pursh.) Nutt, Quercus infectoria G. Olivier ve Q. robur L.’un besin madde içerikleri, besin değerleri ve rumen hazmolunabilirlikleri laboratuvar çalışmaları ve kanüllü koçlarda gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar aracılığı ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamındaki bitkiler ham protein, kuru madde, ham kül, organik madde, ham yağ, ADF, NDF, ADL, selüloz, 48 saatte hazmolunabilirlik, sindirilebilir enerji, metebolik enerji, nispi yem değeri ile fosfor, potasyum, kalsiyum, magnezyum, bakır, mangan, demir ve çinko içerikleri yönünden incelenmiştir. Besin madde içerikler ve yem değerleri açısından A. canescens, K. ceratoides, Q. infectoria ve Q. robur şeklinde bir sıralama belirlenerek bu bitkilerin hayvan beslemede kullanılabileceği ortaya konmuştur.

Keywords

• Krascheninnikovia ceratoides
• Atriplex canescens
• Quercus infectoria
• Quercus robur
• besin madde içerikleri
• hazmolunabilirlik

References

1. Anonim, 1998. Advanced Course:1998. Fodder Shrubs: Their Role In Mediterranean Arid And Semi-Arid Land Development And Environmental Conservation Rabat (Morocco), 28 September - 9 October 1998 Jointly organized by International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM)andInstitut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II of Morocco with the contribution ofCommission of the European Union (DG I)
2. Anonim, 1978. Türkiye Arazi Varlığı. T.C. Köyişleri ve Koop. Bak., Toprak Etüd ve Har.Da. Başk. Yay., Ankara, 81 s.
3. Daşdemir, İ., Tetik, M., Güven, M., & Doğukan, H. (1994). Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde erozyon önlemede kullanılabilir bitki türlerinin tespiti ve bunlarla yapılacak erozyon önleme çalışmaları. Orman Bakanlığı Doğu Anadolu Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü, Teknik Rapor, (1).
4. Güven, M. (2004). Kargapazarı dağı florasında bulunan çalı türlerinin tespiti ve çoğaltma teknikleri ile yem değerlerinin belirlenmesi. Atatürk Üniv. Fen Bil. Enst. Tarla Bit. Anabilim Dalı, Erzurum.
5. Schalitz, G., Behrendt, A., & Fischer, A. (1999). Rola drzew i krzewów w kształtowaniu krajobrazu grodzonych pastwisk. Folia Univ. Agric. Stetin, 197, 287-292.
6. Papanastasis, V. P., Frame, J., & Nastis, A. S. (1999). Grasslands and woody plants in Europe. Organizing Committee of the International Occasional Symposium of the European Grassland Federation, Hellenic Range and Pasture Society (HERPAS).
7. Stidham, N. D., Powell, J., Gray, F., & Claypool, P. I. (1982). Establishment, growth, utilization and chemical composition of introduced shrubs on Oklahoma tall grass prairie Atriplex canescens, Fallugia paradoxa, Cowania mexicana var. stansburiana, winter browse plants. Rangeland Ecology & Management/Journal of Range Management Archives, 35(3), 301-304.
8. Akyıldız, A. R. (1984). Yemler bilgisi laboratuvar kılavuzu. AÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 895, 236.

9. Van Soest, P. J. (1982). Analytical systems for evaluation of feeds. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant, 75-94.
10. Mehrez, A. Z., & Ørskov, E. R. (1977). A study of artificial fibre bag technique for determining the dig estibility of feeds in the rumen. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 88(3), 645-650.
11. Ørskov, E. R., & McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 92(2), 499-503.
12. Oddy, V. H., Robards, G. E., & Low, S. G. (1983). Prediction of in vivo dry matter digestibility from the fibre and nitrogen content of a feed. In Feed information and animal production: proceedings of the second symposium of the International Network of Feed Information Centres/edited by GE Robards and RG Packham. Farnham Royal, Slough [Buckingham]: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, c1983.
13. Fonnesbeck, P. V., Clark, D. H., Garret, W. N., & Speth, C. F. (1984). Predicting energy utilization from alfalfa hay from the Western Region. Proc. Am. Anim. Sci.(Western Section), 35, 305-308.
14. Khalil, J., Sawaya, W. N., & Hyder, S. Z. (1986). Nutrient composition of Atriplex leaves grown in Saudi Arabia. Rangeland Ecology & Management/Journal of Range Management Archives, 39(2), 104-107.
15. Ogle, D., John, S. L., Stannard, M., & Holzworth, L. (2012). Conservation plant species for the Intermountain West. Plant Materials, 1-57.
16. Kilic, U., Boga, M., & Guven, I. (2010). Chemical composition and nutritive value of oak (Quercus robur) nut and leaves. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 38(1), 101-104.
17. Nefzaoui, A. (1996). The integration of fodder shrubs and cactus in the feeding of small ruminants in the arid zones of North Africa. Livestock Feed Resources within Integrated Farming Systems, Second FAO Electronic Conference September 1996 February 1997. pp.467-483.
18. Glenn, E. P., & Brown, J. J. (1998). Effects of soil salt levels on the growth and water use efficiency of Atriplex canescens (Chenopodiaceae) varieties in drying soil. American Journal of Botany, 85(1), 10-16.
19. Walter J. (2016). ChenoBase: Chenopodiaceae GSD (version Jan 2014). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 23rd December 2015 (Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Kunze T., Flann C., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. ISSN 2405-8858.
20. Geçer, M. K., & Yılmaz, H. (2011). Van Ekolojik Koşullarında Üretilen Çilek Fidelerinin Meyve Verim Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(2), 15-22.
21. Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press, 657-680.
22. Bothwell, J. H., & Ng, C. K. Y. (2005). The evolution of Ca2+ signalling in photosynthetic eukaryotes. New Phytologist, 166(1), 21-38.
23. Jezek, M., Geilfus, C. M., Bayer, A., & Mühling, K. H. (2015). Photosynthetic capacity, nutrient status, and growth of maize (Zea mays L.) upon MgSO4 leaf-application. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5, 781.
24. Paschke, M. W., Valdecantos, A., & Redente, E. F. (2005). Manganese toxicity thresholds for restoration grass species. Environmental Pollution, 135(2), 313-322.
25. Jones Jr, J. B., Wolf, B., & Mills, H. A. (1991). Plant analysis handbook. A practical sampling, preparation, analysis, and interpretation guide. Micro-Macro Publishing, Inc.
26. Broadley, M. R., White, P. J., Hammond, J. P., Zelko, I., & Lux, A. (2007). Zinc in plants. New phytologist, 173(4), 677-702.
27. Calmak, I. (2000). Role of zinc in protecting plant cells from reactive oxygen species. New Phytol, 146, 185-205.
28. Andreini, C., Bertini, I., & Rosato, A. (2009). Metalloproteomes: a bioinformatic approach. Accounts of chemical research, 42(10), 1471-1479.
29. Sillanpää, M., & Vlek, P. L. G. (1985). Micronutrients and the agroecology of tropical and Mediterranean regions. In Micronutrients in tropical food crop production (pp. 151-167). Springer, Dordrecht.
30. Çakmak, I., & Hoffland, E. (2012). Zinc for the improvement of crop production and human health.
31. Çakmak, I., Marschner, H., & Bangerth, F. (1989). Effect of zinc nutritional status on growth, protein metabolism and levels of indole-3-acetic acid and other phytohormones in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 40(3), 405-412.
32. Marschner, H., & Cakmak, I. (1989). High light intensity enhances chlorosis and necrosis in leaves of zinc, potassium, and magnesium deficient bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants. Journal of Plant physiology, 134(3), 308-315.
33. Çakmak, I., & Marschner, H. (1988). Increase in membrane permeability and exudation in roots of zinc deficient plants. Journal of Plant physiology, 132(3), 356-361.
34. Olgun, M., Başçiftçi, Z. B., Ayter, N. G., Turan, M., Aydın, D., Şaban, Z., ... & Koyuncu, O. (2016). Potasyum Iyodür Uygulamasının Ekmeklik Buğday Çeşiterinin Biyokimyasal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 46-60.
35. Kutlu, H. R., Görgülü, M., & Çelik, L. B. (2005). Genel hayvan besleme ders notu. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü Yemler ve Hayvan Besleme Anabilim Dalı, Adana, 23-24.
36. Aygün C. İ Kara, H Hanoğlu, İ Erdoğdu, A L Sever, A K Atalay. (2014). Çalı ve Çalımsı Bitkilerin Meralarda Kullanılma İmkânları. Sonuç Raporu. Eskişehir.
37. Erdoğdu, İ., Sever, A. L., Atalay, A. K., & Aygün, C. (2014). Farklı Lokasyonlarda ve Dikim Mesafelerinde Dört Kanatlı Tuz Çalısının (Atriplex canescens Pursh Nutt.) Yaprakla Kaplama Alanı ve Bazı Yem Kalite Değerlerinin Belirlenmesi. Research Journal of Biology Sciences, 7(1), 05-10.
38. Estes, M. G. (2008). Nutritional characteristics of dormant season grazing within a winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata (Gueldenstaedt)) dominated plant community, and the effect of seedbed preparation on the emergence and survival of winterfat and squirreltail (Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey) seedlings.
39. Özcan, T., & Bayçu, G. (2005). Some elemental concentrations in the acorns of Turkish Quercus L.(Fagaceae) taxa. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 37(2), 361.
40. Elahi, M. Y., & Rouzbehan, Y. (2008). Characteriztion of Quercus persica, Quercus infectoria and Quercus libani as ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 140(1-2), 78-89.
41. Salajpal, K., Karolyi, D., Beck, R., Kiš, G., Vicković, I., Đikić, M., & Kovačić, D. (2004). Effect of acorn (Quercus robur) intake on faecal egg count in outdoor reared black Slavonian pig. Acta Agric Slovenica, 84(Supplement 1), 173-178.