Effect of vanillic acid against oxidative stress induced by glyphosate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

Glyphosate is a widely used broad-spectrum herbicide. Vanilic acid is a phenolic acid found naturally in many plants. In this study, the effect of vanilic acid against oxidative stress induced by glyphosate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. S. cerevisiae was proliferated and developed in YEDP medium. Both glyphosate and vanilic acid were added to the development environment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to be 200, 400 and 800 mg per liter. At the end of the experiment, Saccharomyces cerevisiae samples (Reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), Malondialhedit (MDA), fatty acid, E, D, K vitamins and phytosterol) were analyzed in HPLC and GC devices. Antioxidant potential of vanillic acid was also identified. In this study, the effect of vanillic acid against oxidative stress and toxicity caused by glyphosate in S. cerevisiae was investigated for the first time. In S. cerevisiae administered glyphosate, there were statistically significant changes in MDA, GSH, GSSG, protein, fatty acid, E, D, K vitamins and phytosterol levels, but the vanilic acid applied was detected statistically significantly reduced the changes in these parameters. As a result of analysis by gas chromatography, the yeast cell of octanoic acid (8: 0), lauric acid (12: 0), myristic acid (14: 0), palmitic acid (16: 0), palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7), stearic acid (18: 0), oleic acid (18:1 n-9) and linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) acids were observed. Vitamin D, E and K were analyzed with HPLC device. As a result of this analysis, molecules such as K2, δ-tocopherol, D2, D3, α-tocopherol, ergosterol, K1, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol were identified. Biochemical analysis showed that cell density in culture medium containing 800 mg per liter of glyphosate decreased. It was found that vanilic acid showed beneficial effects against oxidative stress caused by glyphosate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Keywords

• glyphosate
• vanilic acid
• oxidative stress
• fatty acid and phytosterol
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Glifosatın Saccharomyces cerevisiae’da indüklediği oksidatif strese karşı vanilik asidin etkisi

Abstract

Glifosat, yaygın olarak kullanılan geniş spektrumlu bir herbisittir. Vanilik asit, pek çok bitkide doğal olarak bulunan fenolik asittir. Bu çalışmada, glifosatın Saccharomyces cerevisiae’da indüklediği oksidatif strese karşı vanilik asidin etkisi araştırılmıştır. S. cerevisiae YEDP besiyerinde çoğaltılmış ve geliştirilmiştir. Hem glifosat hem de vanilik asit Saccharomyces cerevisiae’nın gelişme ortamına litrede 200, 400 ve 800 mg olacak şekilde eklendi. Deney sonunda Saccharomyces cerevisiae örneklerinin analizleri (İndirgenmiş glutatyon (GSH), yükseltgenmiş glutatyon (GSSG), Malondialdehit (MDA), yağ asidi, E, D, K vitamin ve fitosterol) HPLC ve GC cihazlarında yapıldı. Ayrıca vanilik asidin antioksidan potansiyeli de tespit edildi. Bu çalışmada glifosatın S. cerevisiae’da oluşturduğu toksisite ve oksidatif strese karşı vanilik asidin etkisi ilk kez incelenmiştir. Glifosat uygulanan S. cerevisiae’da MDA, GSH, GSSG, protein, yağ asidi, E, D, K vitamin ve fitosterol düzeyinde istatistiksel olarak önemli değişikliklerin olduğu, fakat uygulanan vanilik asidin bu parametrelerde oluşan değişiklikleri istatistiksel olarak önemli ölçüde azalttığı tespit edildi. Gaz kromatografisi ile yapılan analiz sonucunda, maya hücresinde oktanoik asit (8:0), laurik asit (12:0), miristik asit (14:0), palmitik asit (16:0), palmitoleik asit (16:1 n-7), stearik asit (18:0), oleik asit (18:1 n-9) ve linoleik asit (18:2n-6) asitlerinin bulunduğu tespit edildi. D, E ve K vitamin miktarlarının analizi ise HPLC Cihazı ile yapıldı. Bu analiz sonucunda, K2, α-tokoferol, D2, D3, δ-tokoferol, ergosterol, K1, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol gibi moleküller tanımlandı. Biyokimyasal analizler sonucunda litrede 800 mg glifosat içeren kültür ortamındaki hücre yoğunluğunun azaldığı belirlendi. Glifosatın Saccharomyces cerevisiae'da oluşturduğu oksidatif strese karşı vanilik asidin faydalı etkiler gösterdiği tespit edildi.

Keywords

• glifosat
• vanilik asit
• oksidatif stres
• yağ asidi ve fitosterol
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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