Investigation of industrially important enzyme activities of thermophilic and thermotolerant filamentous fungi

Abstract

Fungi are widely used in the production of many enzymes of industrial importance, mainly because they can grow on low-cost substrates and secrete large amounts of enzymes extracellularly. The most important reason for choosing thermostable enzymes in industrial applications is their stability, which provides low activity losses against high temperatures applied during the pretreatment of raw materials. In this study, industrially important lipase, amylase, cellulase, phytase and protease enzyme activities were investigated on 6 thermophilic and 57 thermotolerant fungi species. Screening of fungi producing extracellular lipase, amylase, cellulase, phytase, protease was carried out in petri dishes or tubes using special nutrient media for different enzymes. As a result, 63 cultures consisting of Humicola insolens, Lichtheimia corymbifera, Rhizomucor pussillus, Melanocarpus albomyces, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus species were determined to produce 5 different enzymes, and those with positive results from these cultures were determined: 18 for phytase (28,5%), 63 (100%) for protease, 14 (22%) for amylase, 63 (100%) for lipase, 57 (90%) for cellulase. As a result of enzyme screening studies, the best phytase producer species R. pusillus and A. terreus, protease producer species A. fumigatus, amylase producer species A. terreus, L. corymbifera and R. pusillus, lipase producer species A. fumigatus, cellulase producer species A. fumigatus has been determined. We believe that the determination of the thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi used in the study that are capable of producing thermostable enzymes such as lipase, amylase, cellulase, protease and phytase, which have industrial importance, will shed light on the evaluation of these fungi and their enzymes in future studies.

Keywords

• Thermophilic
• thermotolerant
• filamentous fungi
• enzyme
• thermostable

Termofilik ve termotolerant filamentli fungus türlerinin endüstriyel öneme sahip enzim aktivitelerinin incelenmesi

Abstract

Funguslar, temel olarak düşük maliyetli substratlarda büyüyebildikleri ve hücre dışı olarak büyük miktarda enzim salgıladıkları için endüstriyel öneme sahip birçok enzimin üretiminde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Termostabil enzimlerin endüstriyel uygulamalarda seçilmesinin en önemli sebebi ham maddelerin ön işlemleri sırasında uygulanan yüksek sıcaklıklara karşı düşük aktivite kayıplarını sağlayan stabiliteleridir. Bu çalışmada 6 termofilik ve 57 termotolerant fungus türü üzerinde endüstriyel öneme sahip olan lipaz, amilaz, selülaz, fitaz ve proteaz enzim aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. Hücre dışı lipaz, amilaz, selülaz, fitaz, proteaz üreten fungusların taranması, farklı enzimler için özel besin ortamları kullanılarak petri kaplarında veya tüplerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Humicola insolens, Lichtheimia corymbifera, Rhizomucor pussillus, Melanocarpus albomyces, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus türlerinden oluşan 63 adet kültürün 5 farklı enzimi üretme potansiyelleri belirlenmiştir ve bu kültürlerden pozitif sonuç verenler: fitaz için 18 (%28,5), proteaz için 63 (%100), amilaz için 14 (%22), lipaz için 63 (%100), selülaz için 57 (%90) olarak belirlenmiştir. Enzim tarama çalışmaları sonucunda en iyi fitaz üreticisi türler R. pusillus ve A. terreus, proteaz üreticisi tür A. fumigatus, amilaz üreticisi türler A. terreus, L. corymbifera ve R. pusillus, lipaz üreticisi tür A. fumigatus, selülaz üreticisi tür A. fumigatus olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan termofilik ve termotolerant funguslar arasından lipaz, amilaz, selülaz, proteaz ve fitaz gibi endüstriyel öneme sahip olan termostabil enzimleri üretme yeteneğine sahip olanların belirlenmesi bu fungusların ve enzimlerinin ileriki çalışmalarda değerlendirilmesine ışık tutacağı kanaatindeyiz.

Keywords

• Termofilik
• termotolerant
• filamentli fungi
• enzim

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