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LC-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses of three endemic Astragalus species from Anatolia towards their total phenolic-flavonoid contents and biological activities

Year 2017, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 18 - 30, 15.04.2017

Nesrin Haşimi Abdulselam Ertaş Mustafa Abdullah Yılmaz Mehmet Boğa Hamdi Temel Serpil Demirci Tuğba Yılmaz- Özden İsmail Yener Ufuk Kolak

Abstract

Present work aims to determine the chemical profile and some biological activity of three endemic Astragalus species from Anatolia. The chemical contents of Astragalus leporinus var. hirsutus, Astragalus distinctissimus and Astragalus schizopterus were characterised by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. In terms of biological activity; the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities were determined. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of the major components were also determined and compared to the antioxidant capacities of these extracts. The most abundant flavonoids in these Astragalus species were determined as rutin 1028.276-13351.76 µg/g extract and hesperidin 1604.348-9695.435 µg/g extract . A high amount of quinic acid 111302.774 µg/g extract was detected in A. schizopterus methanol extract. Palmitic acid C16:0 was found to be the major compound in A. leporinus var. hirsutus 32.9% , A. distinctissimus 32.5% , and A.schizopterus 23.4% . A. schizopterus methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant effect in lipid peroxidation 19.62±0.29 , DPPH free 54.61±0.38 and ABTS cation radicals scavenging activity 22.01±0.07 , and CUPRAC assays. Among all of the extracts, only A. leporinus var. hirsutus petroleum ether extract showed moderate inhibitory activity against acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes. The methanol extracts of the plants exhibited moderate activity against C. albicans. A. leporinus var. hirsutus methanol extract indicated the most viability against L929 fibroblast cells, and the highest cytotoxic effect against A549 cells. In consideration of our findings , these Astragalus species used as animal feed could be a source of naturally, biologically active agents that can be used in food and pharmaceutical industry

Keywords

Astragalus LC-MS/MS antioxidant anticholinesterase antimicrobial

References

  • Abdelhady, M. I. S., Kamal, A. M., Othman, S. M., Mubarak, M. S., Hadda, T. B. (2015). Total polyphenolic content, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic activities, and polyphenolic compounds of Sophora japonica grown in Egypt. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 24(2),482–495.
  • Adiguzel, A., Agar, G., Barıs, O., Gulluce, M., Sahin, F., Sengul, M. (2006). RAPD and FAME analyses of Astragalus species growing in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 34, 424-432.
  • Adiguzel, A., Sokmen, M., Ozkan, H., Agar, G., Gulluce, M., Sahin, F. (2009). In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol and hexane extracts of Astragalus species growing in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Biology, 33, 65-71.
  • Apak, R., Guclu, K., Ozyurek, M., Karademir, S. E. (2004). Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC Method. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 7970-7981.
  • Awad, H. M., Abd-Alla, H. I., Mahmoud, K.H., El-Toumy, S.A. (2014). In vitro anti-nitrosative, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities of plant flavonoids: a comparative study. Med Chem Res., 23,3298–3307.
  • Bagci, E. (2006). Fatty acid composition of some Astragalus species from Turkey. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 42, 645-648.
  • Baytop, T. (1984). Therapy with Plants in Turkey (Past and Present). Istanbul: Publications of Istanbul University.
  • Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181, 1199-1200.
  • Calis, I., Sticher, O. (1996). Saponins used in traditional medicine, advances in experimental medicine and biology. (Waller, C.R. and Yamasaki, K.)., New York: New York Plenum Press.
  • Calis, I., Yuruker, A., Tasdemir, D., Wright, A. D., Sticher, O., Luo, Y.D., Pezzuto, J. M. (1997). Cycloartane triterpene glycosides from the roots of Astragalus melanophrurius. Planta Medica, 63, 183-186.
  • Chamberlain, D. P., Matthews, V. A. (1970). Astragalus L. In Davis, P. H. (Eds.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (V. 3,). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
  • Chu, C., Qi, L. W., Liu, E. H., Li, B., Gao, W., Li, P. (2010). Radix astragali (Astragalus): latest advancements and trends in chemistry analysis, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Current Organic Chemistry, 14, 1792-1807.
  • Dargel, R. (1992). Lipid peroxidation–a common pathogenetic mechanism. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 44, 169–181.
  • Ellman, G.L., Courtney, K.D., Andres, V., Featherstone, R.M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7, 88-95.
  • Ertas, A., Boga, M., Yilmaz, M. A., Yesil, Y., Hasimi, N., Kaya, M. S., Temel, H., Kolak, U. (2014a). Chemical compositions by using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS and biological activities of Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pau. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62, 4601–4609.
  • Ertas, A., Boğa, M., Hasimi, N., Yesil, Y., Goren, A.C., Topcu, G., Kolak, U. (2014b). Antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial activities and fatty acid constituents of Achillea cappadocica Hausskn. et Bornm. Turkish Jounal of Chemistry, 38, 592-599.
  • Ertas, A., Yilmaz, M. A., Firat, M. (2015). Chemical profile by LC–MS/MS, GC/MS and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and crude extracts of two Euphorbia species. Natural Product Research, 29, 529-534.
  • Gariboldi, P., Pelizzoni, F., Tatò, M., Verotta, L., El-Sebakhy, N. A., Asaad, A. M., Abdallah, R. M., Toaiman, S. M. (1995). Cy cloartane triterpene gylcosides from Astragalus trigonus. Phytochemistry, 40, 1755–1760.
  • Golmohammadi, F. (2013). A viewpoint toward medical plant of Astragalus and its main characteristics, products and economical importance in Iran (Case study: Boldaji and lake Choghakhor in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province). Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3, 3702-3721.
  • Goren, A. C., Bilsel, G., Bilsel, M., Yenisoy-Karakas, S., Karakas, D. (2004). Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of atropine and obidoxime in a parenteral injection device. Journal of Chromatography A, 1057, 237– 239.
  • Horo, I., Bedir, E., Masullo, M., Piacente, S., Ozgokce, F., Alankus-Calıskan, O. (2012). Saponins from Astragalus hareftae (NAB.) SIRJ. Phytochemistry, 84, 147-153.
  • Kim, C. U., Lew, W., Williams, M. A., Liu, H., Zhang, L., Swaminathan, S., Bischofberger, N., Chen, M. S., Mendel, D. B., Tai, C. Y, Laver, W. G., Stevens, R. C. (1997). Influenza neuraminidase inhibitors possessing a novel hydrophobic interaction in the enzyme active site:  Design, synthesis, and structural analysis of carbocyclic sialic acid analogues with potent anti-influenza activity. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 119, 681–690.
  • Krasteva, I., Platikanov, S., Momekov, G., Konstantinov, S., Nikolov, S. (2008). Phytochemical analysis and in vitro cytotoxic activity of volatiles from Astragalus corniculatus. Natural Product Research, 22, 969-974.
  • Luo, A., Fan, Y. (2011). Antioxidant activities of various fractions extracted from Astragalus. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmmacology, 5, 1297-1302.
  • Miller, H. E. (1971). A simplified method for the evaluation of antioxidants. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 48, 91.
  • Montoro, P., Teyeb, H., Masullo, M., Mari, A., Douiki, W., Piacente, S. (2012). LC-ESI-MS quali-quantitative determination of phenolic constituents in different parts of wild and cultivated Astragalus gombiformis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 72, 89-98.
  • Moreno, M. I. N., Isla, M. I., Sampietro, A. R., Vattuone, M. A (2000). Comparison of the free radical-scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71, 109-114.
  • Nalbantsoy, A., Nesil, T., Erden, S., Calis, İ, Bedir, E. (2011). Adjuvant effects of Astragalus saponins macrophyllosaponin B and astragaloside. VII. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134, 897-903.
  • NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). (1997). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Test. 6th ed. M2-A6 Approved Standard. Wayne Pa.
  • NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). (2009). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard 8th ed. M08-A8.Wayne Pa.
  • Ozcelik, B., Lee, J. H., Min, D. B. (2003). Effects of light, oxygen and pH on the 2,2- diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method to evaluate antioxidants. Journal of Food Science, 68, 487–490.
  • Ozhatay, N., Kultur, S. (2006). Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement Flora of Turkey III. Turkish Journal of Botany, 30, 281-316.
  • Ozipek, M., Donmez, A. A., Calis, I., Brun, R., Rüedi, P., Tasdemir, D. (2005). Leishmanicidal cycloartane-type triterpene glycosides from Astragalus oleifolius. Phytochemistry, 66, 1168-1173.
  • Pistelli, L., Bertoli, A., Lepori, E., Morelli, I., Panizzi, L. (2002). Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of crude extracts and isolated saponins from Astragalus verrucosus. Fitoterapia, 73, 336-339.
  • Qi, L. W., Yi, L., Ren, M. T., Wen, X. D., Wang, Y. X., Li, P. (2008). Simultaneous determination of 15 marker constituents in various Radix Astragali preparations by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Seperation Science, 31, 97-106.
  • Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26, 1231-1237.
  • Roginsky, V., Lissi, E. A. (2005). Review of methods to determine chain-breaking antioxidant activity in food. Food Chemistry, 92, 235–254.
  • Savran, T., Gulcemal, D., Masullo, M., Karayıldırım, T., Polat, E., Piacente, S., Alankus-Calıskan, O. (2012). Cycloartane glycosides from Astragalus erinaceus. Records of Natural Products, 6, 230-236.
  • Sevimli-Gur, C., Onbasilar, I., Atilla, P., Genc, R., Cakar, N., Deliloglu-Gurhan, I., Bedir, E. (2011). In vitro growth stimulatory and in vivo wound healing studies on cycloartane-type saponins of Astragalus genus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134, 844-850.
  • Slinkard, K., Singleton, V. L. (1977). Total phenol analyses: Automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28, 49-55.
  • Soares, J. R., Dins, T. C. P., Cunha, A. P., Ameida, L. M. (1997). Antioxidant activity of some extracts of Thymus zygis. Free Radical Research, 26, 469–478.
  • Teyeb, H., Mabrouk, H., Neffati, M., Douki, W., Najjar, M. F. (2011). Anticholinesterase activity of Astragalus gombiformis extracts. Journal of Biologically Active Products From Nature, 1(5-6), 344-348.
  • Verotta, L., El-Sebakhy, N. A. (2001). Cycloartane and oleanane saponins from Astragalus sp. In A. Rahman (Eds.), Studies in Natural Products Chemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Yılmaz, G., Aksoy, Ö., Dane, F. (2013). Calcium oxalate crystals in generative organs of Astragalus hamosus and Astragalus glycyphyllos. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 6(1), 8-12.
  • Yunfei, L., Haibin, Q., Yiyu, C. (2008). Identification of major constituents in the traditional Chinese medicine “QI-SHEN-YI-QI” dropping pill by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 47, 407-412.
  • Zengin, G., Ceylan, R., O. Guler, G., Carradori, S., Uysal, S., Aktumsek, A. (2016). Enzyme inhibitory effect and antioxidant properties of Astragalus lagurus extracts. Current Enzyme Inhibion, 12(2), 177-182.
  • Zhang, Q. A., Fan, X. H., Li, T., Zhang, Z. Q., Liu, Y. K., Li, X. P. (2013). Optimisation of ultrasound extraction for flavonoids from semena stragali complanati and its identification by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 48, 1970-1976.

Anadolu'daki üç endemik Astragalus türünün toplam fenolik-flavonoid içerikleri ve biyolojik aktivitelerine yönelik LC-MS / MS ve GC-MS analizler

Year 2017, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 18 - 30, 15.04.2017

Nesrin Haşimi Abdulselam Ertaş Mustafa Abdullah Yılmaz Mehmet Boğa Hamdi Temel Serpil Demirci Tuğba Yılmaz- Özden İsmail Yener Ufuk Kolak

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Anadolu’da yetişen üç endemik Astragalus türünün kimyasal içeriği ile bazı biyolojik aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Astragalus leporinus var. hirsutus, Astragalus distinctissimus ve Astragalus schizopterus türlerinin kimyasal içeriği LC-MS/MS ve GC-MS ile karakterize edilmiştir. Biyolojik aktivite açısından; ekstrelerin antioksidan, antikolinesteraz, antimikrobiyal ve sitotoksik aktiviteleri tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak, ekstrelerin ana bileşenlerinin de antioksidan özellikleri belirlenerek elde edilen sonuçlar ekstrelerin antioksidan kapasiteleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışılan Astragalus türlerinde en bol bulunan flavonoidin rutin 1028,276-13351,76 µg/g ekstre ve hesperidin 1604,348-9695,435 µg/g ekstre olduğu, ayrıca A. schizopterus metanol ekstresinde de yüksek miktarda kuinik asit 111302,774 µg/g ekstre bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Palmitik asitin C16:0 , A. leporinus var. hirsutus %32,9 , A. distinctissimus %32,5 ve A.schizopterus %23,4 ’da başlıca bileşik olduğu saptanmıştır. A. schizopterus metanol ekstresi lipit peroksidasyon 19,62±0,29 , DPPH serbest radikal 54,61±0,38 , ABTS katyon radikali süpürücü aktivitesi 22,01±0,07 , ve CUPRAC yönteminde en yüksek aktiviteyi göstermiştir. Çalışılan tüm ekstrelerden sadece A. leporinus var. hirsutus petrol eteri ekstresi orta derecede asetil- ve bütiril- kolinesteraz enzim inhibisyonu sergilemiştir.. Bitkilerin metanol ekstreleri C. albicans’a karşı orta derecede antimikrobiyal aktivite ortaya koymuşlardır. A. leporinus var. hirsutus metanol ekstresi, L929 fibroblast hücrelerine karşı en fazla canlılığı ve A549 hücrelerine karşı en yüksek sitotoksik etkiyi göstermiştir. Çalışmdan elde ettiğimiz bulgular ışığında, hayvan yemi olarak kullanılan bu Astragalus türleri, gıda ve ilaç endüstrisinde kullanılabilen doğal, biyolojik olarak aktif maddeler kaynağı olabilir.

Keywords

Astragalus LC-MS/MS antioksidan antikolinesteraz antimikrobiyal

References

  • Abdelhady, M. I. S., Kamal, A. M., Othman, S. M., Mubarak, M. S., Hadda, T. B. (2015). Total polyphenolic content, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic activities, and polyphenolic compounds of Sophora japonica grown in Egypt. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 24(2),482–495.
  • Adiguzel, A., Agar, G., Barıs, O., Gulluce, M., Sahin, F., Sengul, M. (2006). RAPD and FAME analyses of Astragalus species growing in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 34, 424-432.
  • Adiguzel, A., Sokmen, M., Ozkan, H., Agar, G., Gulluce, M., Sahin, F. (2009). In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol and hexane extracts of Astragalus species growing in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Biology, 33, 65-71.
  • Apak, R., Guclu, K., Ozyurek, M., Karademir, S. E. (2004). Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC Method. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 7970-7981.
  • Awad, H. M., Abd-Alla, H. I., Mahmoud, K.H., El-Toumy, S.A. (2014). In vitro anti-nitrosative, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities of plant flavonoids: a comparative study. Med Chem Res., 23,3298–3307.
  • Bagci, E. (2006). Fatty acid composition of some Astragalus species from Turkey. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 42, 645-648.
  • Baytop, T. (1984). Therapy with Plants in Turkey (Past and Present). Istanbul: Publications of Istanbul University.
  • Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181, 1199-1200.
  • Calis, I., Sticher, O. (1996). Saponins used in traditional medicine, advances in experimental medicine and biology. (Waller, C.R. and Yamasaki, K.)., New York: New York Plenum Press.
  • Calis, I., Yuruker, A., Tasdemir, D., Wright, A. D., Sticher, O., Luo, Y.D., Pezzuto, J. M. (1997). Cycloartane triterpene glycosides from the roots of Astragalus melanophrurius. Planta Medica, 63, 183-186.
  • Chamberlain, D. P., Matthews, V. A. (1970). Astragalus L. In Davis, P. H. (Eds.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (V. 3,). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
  • Chu, C., Qi, L. W., Liu, E. H., Li, B., Gao, W., Li, P. (2010). Radix astragali (Astragalus): latest advancements and trends in chemistry analysis, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Current Organic Chemistry, 14, 1792-1807.
  • Dargel, R. (1992). Lipid peroxidation–a common pathogenetic mechanism. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 44, 169–181.
  • Ellman, G.L., Courtney, K.D., Andres, V., Featherstone, R.M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7, 88-95.
  • Ertas, A., Boga, M., Yilmaz, M. A., Yesil, Y., Hasimi, N., Kaya, M. S., Temel, H., Kolak, U. (2014a). Chemical compositions by using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS and biological activities of Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pau. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62, 4601–4609.
  • Ertas, A., Boğa, M., Hasimi, N., Yesil, Y., Goren, A.C., Topcu, G., Kolak, U. (2014b). Antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial activities and fatty acid constituents of Achillea cappadocica Hausskn. et Bornm. Turkish Jounal of Chemistry, 38, 592-599.
  • Ertas, A., Yilmaz, M. A., Firat, M. (2015). Chemical profile by LC–MS/MS, GC/MS and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and crude extracts of two Euphorbia species. Natural Product Research, 29, 529-534.
  • Gariboldi, P., Pelizzoni, F., Tatò, M., Verotta, L., El-Sebakhy, N. A., Asaad, A. M., Abdallah, R. M., Toaiman, S. M. (1995). Cy cloartane triterpene gylcosides from Astragalus trigonus. Phytochemistry, 40, 1755–1760.
  • Golmohammadi, F. (2013). A viewpoint toward medical plant of Astragalus and its main characteristics, products and economical importance in Iran (Case study: Boldaji and lake Choghakhor in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province). Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3, 3702-3721.
  • Goren, A. C., Bilsel, G., Bilsel, M., Yenisoy-Karakas, S., Karakas, D. (2004). Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of atropine and obidoxime in a parenteral injection device. Journal of Chromatography A, 1057, 237– 239.
  • Horo, I., Bedir, E., Masullo, M., Piacente, S., Ozgokce, F., Alankus-Calıskan, O. (2012). Saponins from Astragalus hareftae (NAB.) SIRJ. Phytochemistry, 84, 147-153.
  • Kim, C. U., Lew, W., Williams, M. A., Liu, H., Zhang, L., Swaminathan, S., Bischofberger, N., Chen, M. S., Mendel, D. B., Tai, C. Y, Laver, W. G., Stevens, R. C. (1997). Influenza neuraminidase inhibitors possessing a novel hydrophobic interaction in the enzyme active site:  Design, synthesis, and structural analysis of carbocyclic sialic acid analogues with potent anti-influenza activity. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 119, 681–690.
  • Krasteva, I., Platikanov, S., Momekov, G., Konstantinov, S., Nikolov, S. (2008). Phytochemical analysis and in vitro cytotoxic activity of volatiles from Astragalus corniculatus. Natural Product Research, 22, 969-974.
  • Luo, A., Fan, Y. (2011). Antioxidant activities of various fractions extracted from Astragalus. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmmacology, 5, 1297-1302.
  • Miller, H. E. (1971). A simplified method for the evaluation of antioxidants. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 48, 91.
  • Montoro, P., Teyeb, H., Masullo, M., Mari, A., Douiki, W., Piacente, S. (2012). LC-ESI-MS quali-quantitative determination of phenolic constituents in different parts of wild and cultivated Astragalus gombiformis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 72, 89-98.
  • Moreno, M. I. N., Isla, M. I., Sampietro, A. R., Vattuone, M. A (2000). Comparison of the free radical-scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71, 109-114.
  • Nalbantsoy, A., Nesil, T., Erden, S., Calis, İ, Bedir, E. (2011). Adjuvant effects of Astragalus saponins macrophyllosaponin B and astragaloside. VII. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134, 897-903.
  • NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). (1997). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Test. 6th ed. M2-A6 Approved Standard. Wayne Pa.
  • NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). (2009). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard 8th ed. M08-A8.Wayne Pa.
  • Ozcelik, B., Lee, J. H., Min, D. B. (2003). Effects of light, oxygen and pH on the 2,2- diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method to evaluate antioxidants. Journal of Food Science, 68, 487–490.
  • Ozhatay, N., Kultur, S. (2006). Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement Flora of Turkey III. Turkish Journal of Botany, 30, 281-316.
  • Ozipek, M., Donmez, A. A., Calis, I., Brun, R., Rüedi, P., Tasdemir, D. (2005). Leishmanicidal cycloartane-type triterpene glycosides from Astragalus oleifolius. Phytochemistry, 66, 1168-1173.
  • Pistelli, L., Bertoli, A., Lepori, E., Morelli, I., Panizzi, L. (2002). Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of crude extracts and isolated saponins from Astragalus verrucosus. Fitoterapia, 73, 336-339.
  • Qi, L. W., Yi, L., Ren, M. T., Wen, X. D., Wang, Y. X., Li, P. (2008). Simultaneous determination of 15 marker constituents in various Radix Astragali preparations by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Seperation Science, 31, 97-106.
  • Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26, 1231-1237.
  • Roginsky, V., Lissi, E. A. (2005). Review of methods to determine chain-breaking antioxidant activity in food. Food Chemistry, 92, 235–254.
  • Savran, T., Gulcemal, D., Masullo, M., Karayıldırım, T., Polat, E., Piacente, S., Alankus-Calıskan, O. (2012). Cycloartane glycosides from Astragalus erinaceus. Records of Natural Products, 6, 230-236.
  • Sevimli-Gur, C., Onbasilar, I., Atilla, P., Genc, R., Cakar, N., Deliloglu-Gurhan, I., Bedir, E. (2011). In vitro growth stimulatory and in vivo wound healing studies on cycloartane-type saponins of Astragalus genus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134, 844-850.
  • Slinkard, K., Singleton, V. L. (1977). Total phenol analyses: Automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28, 49-55.
  • Soares, J. R., Dins, T. C. P., Cunha, A. P., Ameida, L. M. (1997). Antioxidant activity of some extracts of Thymus zygis. Free Radical Research, 26, 469–478.
  • Teyeb, H., Mabrouk, H., Neffati, M., Douki, W., Najjar, M. F. (2011). Anticholinesterase activity of Astragalus gombiformis extracts. Journal of Biologically Active Products From Nature, 1(5-6), 344-348.
  • Verotta, L., El-Sebakhy, N. A. (2001). Cycloartane and oleanane saponins from Astragalus sp. In A. Rahman (Eds.), Studies in Natural Products Chemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.
  • Yılmaz, G., Aksoy, Ö., Dane, F. (2013). Calcium oxalate crystals in generative organs of Astragalus hamosus and Astragalus glycyphyllos. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 6(1), 8-12.
  • Yunfei, L., Haibin, Q., Yiyu, C. (2008). Identification of major constituents in the traditional Chinese medicine “QI-SHEN-YI-QI” dropping pill by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 47, 407-412.
  • Zengin, G., Ceylan, R., O. Guler, G., Carradori, S., Uysal, S., Aktumsek, A. (2016). Enzyme inhibitory effect and antioxidant properties of Astragalus lagurus extracts. Current Enzyme Inhibion, 12(2), 177-182.
  • Zhang, Q. A., Fan, X. H., Li, T., Zhang, Z. Q., Liu, Y. K., Li, X. P. (2013). Optimisation of ultrasound extraction for flavonoids from semena stragali complanati and its identification by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 48, 1970-1976.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nesrin Haşimi This is me

Abdulselam Ertaş This is me

Mustafa Abdullah Yılmaz This is me

Mehmet Boğa This is me

Hamdi Temel This is me

Serpil Demirci This is me

Tuğba Yılmaz- Özden This is me

İsmail Yener This is me

Ufuk Kolak This is me

Publication Date April 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Haşimi, N., Ertaş, A., Yılmaz, M. A., Boğa, M., et al. (2017). Anadolu’daki üç endemik Astragalus türünün toplam fenolik-flavonoid içerikleri ve biyolojik aktivitelerine yönelik LC-MS / MS ve GC-MS analizler. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(1), 18-30.
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❖ Biological Diversity and Conservation/ Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma
❖ ISSN 1308-5301 Print; ISSN 1308-8084 Online
❖ Start Date Published 2008
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