Aristolochia L. Aristolochiaceae cinsinin generatif özellikleri

Hasan Korkmaz; Alper Durmaz

Generative properties of Aristolochia L. Aristolochiaceae genus

Year 2015, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 195 - 208, 15.12.2015

Abstract

Aristolochia genus, which has about 450 species all ower the world flora attracts attention especially with its unique generative properties besides it’s highly variable vegetative properties. In this study we tried to explain the structure of flower, fruit and seed and pollination and breeding properties of Aristolochia genus

Keywords

Aristolochia, floral biology, generative, pollination

References

Academic. 2010. Aristolochia clematitis [Online resim]. http://en.academic.ru/pictures/enwiki/65/Aristolochia clematitis 002.JPG. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2014.
Adams, C. A., Baskın, J. M., Baskın, C. C. 2005.Comparative morphology of seeds of four closely related species of Aristolochia subgenus Siphisia (Aristolochiaceae, Piperales). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.148:433-436.
Aytaç, Z., Kaptaner, B. İ. 2012. Bitki Sistematiği. Nobel Yayınevi, Ankara. Bailey, D. 2006. Aristolochia fimbriata [Online resim]. http://toptropicals.com/pics/garden/m1/Donna/ Aristolochia_fimbriata7DB.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2014.
Berjano, R., de Vega, C., Arista, M., Ortiz, P.L., Talavera, S. 2006. A multi-year study of factors affecting fruit production in Aristolochia paucinervis (Aristolochiaceae). American Journal of Botany. 93/4: 599-606.
BGUB. (Botanischer Garten der Universität Basel). 2014. Aristolochia grandiflora [Online resim]. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZ1zHFycJcI. Erişim tarihi: Aralık 2014.
Boettel, M. 2012. Aristolochia eriantha[Online resim]. http://m-b-images.com/root/m-bimages/iphoto/photos/preview/prvAristolochia-eriantha-11.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Brantjes, N.B.M. 1980. Flower morphology of Aristolochia species and the consequences for pollination. Acta Bot. Neerl.29 /2,3: 212-213.
Burgess, K.S., Singfield, J., Melendez, V., Kevan, P.G., 2004. Pollination biology of Aristolochia grandiflora (Aristolochiaceae) in Veracruz, Mexico. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 91/2: 346-356.
Crawford, J. 2014. Aristolochia maxima [Online resim]. http://s262.photobucket.com/user/7_Heads/media/Vines/Aristolochia_maxima_007.jpg.html. Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2014.
CSX. 2009. Aristolochia maxima [Online resim]. http://floralsyndromes.blogspot.com.tr/2009/11/aristolochia-maxima.html. Erişim tarihi: 22 Aralık 2014.
Dafni, A. 1984. Mimicry and deception in pollination. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 15: 259-278.
Eden Project. 2012. Aristolochia cathcartii [Online resim]. http://www.edenproject.com/sites/default/files/styles/ plant_record_carousel_main/public/image-carousel/aristolochia-cathcartii-flower-2.jpg?itok=n-HRqVuK. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2014. Endress, P.K., Steiner-Gafner, B. 1996. Diversity and evolutionary biology of tropical flowers. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Faegri, K., van der Pijl, L. 1966. The principles of pollination ecology. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Fleig, N. G. 2002. Aristolochia tomentosa[Online resim]. http://www.wildflower.org/image_archive/ 640x480/PCD2741/PCD2741_IMG0096.JPG. Erişim tarihi: 22 Aralık 2014.
Germer, J. 2006. Aristolochia arborea [Online resim]. http://www.virboga.de/pics/big/004549.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2014.
Goldman, D. 2011. Aristolochia grandiflora [Online resim]. http://botlib.huh.harvard.edu/libraries/
Gray_Bicent/Images/article_aristo.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2014.
González, F. 1999. Inflorescence morphology and the systematics of Aristolochiaceae. Systematics and Geography of Plants. 68/1, 2: 159-172.
González, F., Stevenson, D.W. 2000. Gynostemium development in Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst.122/2: 249-291.
González, F., Stevenson, D.W. 2002. A phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Aristolochiodieae (Aristolochiaceae). Rev. Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. Fís. Nat.26: 25-60.
Hall, D. W., Brown, B. V. 1993. Pollination of Aristolochia littoralis (Aristolochiales: Aristolochiaceae) by males of Megaselia spp. (Diptera: Phoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America.86/ 5: 609-613.
Hao, W. 2009. Aristolochia bilobata [Online resim]. https://www.flickr.com/photos/ 34695382@N03/4128529882/?rb=1. Erişim tarihi: 19 Aralık 2014.
Jaramillo, M.A., Kramer, E. M. 2004. APETALA3 and PISTILLATA homologs exhibit novel expression patterns in the unique perianth of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae). Evolution & Development. 6/6: 449-458.
Knuth, P. 1909. Handbook of flower pollination. (J.R. Ainsworth Davis Trans.), London, Clarendon Press.
Lenton, S. 2010. Aristolochia cretica[Online resim]. http://www.cretanflora.com/images/Aristolochia%20cretica%20thumb.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Leong, Y. T. 2012. Aristolochia acuminata seed [Online resim]. http://www.chm.frim.gov.my/getattachment/7489a782-3993-40db88b7-50a19d1357f1/Aristolochia%20acuminata%20-%20Seed.aspx. Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2014.
Malyer, H., Bıçakçı, A., Neinhuis, C., Wanke, S., Tosunoğlu, A. 2011. Türkiye’de Yetişen Aristolochia L. Türleri Üzerine Taksonomik, Moleküler ve Palinolojik Araştırmalar. TUBİTAK Proje TBAG 107T707, 2011: 1-320.
Murugan, R., Shivanna, K.R., Rao, R.R. 2006. Pollination biology of Aristolochia tagala, a rare species of medicinal importance. Current Science.91/6: 795-798.
Nardi, E. 1984. The genus Aristolochia L.(Aristolochiaceae) in Italy. Webbia. 38/1: 221-300.
Oelschlägel, B., Gorb, S., Wanke, S., Neinhuis, C. 2009. Structure and biomechanics of trapping flower trichomes and their role in the pollination biology of Aristolochia plants (Aristolochiaceae). New Phytologist, 184/4: 988-1002.
Oelschlägel, B, Nuss, M., von Tschirnhaus, M., Pätzold, C., Neinhuis, C., Dötterl, S., Wanke, S. 2015. The betrayed thief- the extraordinary strategy of Aristolochia rotunda to deceive its pollinators. New Phytologist, 206: 342-351.
Payton, S. 2005. Aristolochia maxima [Online resim]. http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_SP/0003/320/Aristolochia_maxima_flower,I_SP309.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Pfeifer, H. W. 1966. Revision of the North and Central American Hexandrous Species of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 53/2: 115-196.
Proctor, M., Yeo, P., Lack, A. 1996. The natural history of pollination. New York, Harper Collins Publishers.
Roubik, D. 2003. Plate 36 [Online resim]. http://stri.si.edu/sites/roubik/images/36.gif. Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2014.
Rudall, P. J., Bateman, R. M. 2002. Roles of synorganisation, zygomorphy and heterotopy in floral evolution: the gynostemium and labellum of orchids and other lilioid monocots. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 77/3: 403-441.
Rulik, B., Wanke, S., Nuss, M., Neinhuis, C. 2008. Pollination of Aristolochia pallida Willd. (Aristolochiaceae) in the Mediterranean. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 203/2: 175-184.
Sakai, S. 2002a. Aristolochia spp. (Aristolochiaceae) pollinated by flies breeding on decomposing flowers in Panama. American Journal of Botany.89/3: 527-534.
Sakai, S. 2002b. A review of brood-site pollination mutualism: plants providing breeding sites for their pollinators. Journal of Plant Research.115/3: 0161-0168.
Sapir, O. F. 2007. Aristolochia sempervirens[Online resim]. http://i1.treknature.com/photos/ 1990/aaa_0133.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2014.
Scheper, J. 2002. Aristolochia elegans [Online resim]. http://www.floridata.com/wallpaper/jpg/Aristolochia_elegans800.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Shimizu, G. H. 2007. Aristolochia arcuata [Online resim]. http://www.plantsystematics.org/users/sv22 /1_8_07/Aristolochia_arcuata.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Shyamal, L. 2006. Aristolochia ringens [Online resim]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Aristolochia_sp.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 19 Aralık 2014.
Slotta, T. 2010. Aristolochia odoratissima [Online resim]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/ Aristolochia_odoratissima_seeds.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2014.
Sotgui, F. 2012. Aristolochia rotunda [Online resim]. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KVqmQPlazb8/UGIV5SqvSjI/ AAAAAAAAAa0/7N-5QTwBFog/s1600/rotunda.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 19 Aralık 2014.
Stuber, K. 2014. Aristolochia arborea [Online resim]. http://www.exot-nutz-zier.de/images/prod_images/Aristolochia_arborea.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Tavola, 2007. Aristolochia clematitis [Online resim]. http://www.summagallicana.it/lessico/a/Aristolochia.htm. Erişim tarihi: 19 Haziran 2015.
Toptropicals, 2007. Aristolochia tagala [Online resim]. https://toptropicals.com/pics/garden/07/olymp6/P6266326.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Trujillo, C.G., Sérsic, A.N. 2006. Floral biology of Aristolochia argentina (Aristolochiaceae). Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants.201/5: 374-382.
Uc Davis (The Uc Davis Department Of Plant Sciences). 2012 Aristolochia californica [Online resim]. http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/courses/plb102/photos for lab manual/lab2/Aristolochia californica.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 22 Aralık 2014.
Wagner, S.T., Isnard, S., Rowe, N.P., Samain, M.S., Neinhuis, C., Wanke, S. 2012. Escaping the lianoid habit: evolution of shrublike growth forms in Aristolochia subgenus Isotrema (Aristolochiaceae). American Journal of Botany. 99: 1609–1629.
Wagner, S.T., Hesse, L., Isnard, S., Samain, M.S., Bolin, J., Maass, E., Neinhuis, C., Nick, P.R., Wanke, S. 2014. Major trends in stem anatomy and growth forms in the perianth-bearing Piperales, with special focus on Aristolochia. Ann Bot 113: 1139–1154.
Wanke, S., González, F., Neinhuis, C. 2006. Systematics of Pipevines: Combining Morphological and Fast‐Evolving Molecular Characters to Investigate the Relationships within Subfamily Aristolochioideae (Aristolochiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences. 167/6: 1215-1227.

Aristolochia L. Aristolochiaceae cinsinin generatif özellikleri

Year 2015, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 195 - 208, 15.12.2015

Hasan Korkmaz Alper Durmaz

Abstract

Dünya florasında yaklaşık 450 türü bulunan Aristolochia lohusa otu cinsi, oldukça değişkenlik gösteren vejetatif özelliklerinin yanında, özgün generatif özellikleri ile dikkat çekicidir. Biz bu çalışmamızda, Aristolochia cinsinde görülen çiçek, meyve ve tohum yapıları ile polinasyon ve döllenme özelliklerini açıklamaya çalıştık

Keywords

Aristolochia, floral biyoloji, generatif, polinasyon

References

Academic. 2010. Aristolochia clematitis [Online resim]. http://en.academic.ru/pictures/enwiki/65/Aristolochia clematitis 002.JPG. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2014.
Adams, C. A., Baskın, J. M., Baskın, C. C. 2005.Comparative morphology of seeds of four closely related species of Aristolochia subgenus Siphisia (Aristolochiaceae, Piperales). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.148:433-436.
Aytaç, Z., Kaptaner, B. İ. 2012. Bitki Sistematiği. Nobel Yayınevi, Ankara. Bailey, D. 2006. Aristolochia fimbriata [Online resim]. http://toptropicals.com/pics/garden/m1/Donna/ Aristolochia_fimbriata7DB.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2014.
Berjano, R., de Vega, C., Arista, M., Ortiz, P.L., Talavera, S. 2006. A multi-year study of factors affecting fruit production in Aristolochia paucinervis (Aristolochiaceae). American Journal of Botany. 93/4: 599-606.
BGUB. (Botanischer Garten der Universität Basel). 2014. Aristolochia grandiflora [Online resim]. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZ1zHFycJcI. Erişim tarihi: Aralık 2014.
Boettel, M. 2012. Aristolochia eriantha[Online resim]. http://m-b-images.com/root/m-bimages/iphoto/photos/preview/prvAristolochia-eriantha-11.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Brantjes, N.B.M. 1980. Flower morphology of Aristolochia species and the consequences for pollination. Acta Bot. Neerl.29 /2,3: 212-213.
Burgess, K.S., Singfield, J., Melendez, V., Kevan, P.G., 2004. Pollination biology of Aristolochia grandiflora (Aristolochiaceae) in Veracruz, Mexico. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 91/2: 346-356.
Crawford, J. 2014. Aristolochia maxima [Online resim]. http://s262.photobucket.com/user/7_Heads/media/Vines/Aristolochia_maxima_007.jpg.html. Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2014.
CSX. 2009. Aristolochia maxima [Online resim]. http://floralsyndromes.blogspot.com.tr/2009/11/aristolochia-maxima.html. Erişim tarihi: 22 Aralık 2014.
Dafni, A. 1984. Mimicry and deception in pollination. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 15: 259-278.
Eden Project. 2012. Aristolochia cathcartii [Online resim]. http://www.edenproject.com/sites/default/files/styles/ plant_record_carousel_main/public/image-carousel/aristolochia-cathcartii-flower-2.jpg?itok=n-HRqVuK. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2014. Endress, P.K., Steiner-Gafner, B. 1996. Diversity and evolutionary biology of tropical flowers. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Faegri, K., van der Pijl, L. 1966. The principles of pollination ecology. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Fleig, N. G. 2002. Aristolochia tomentosa[Online resim]. http://www.wildflower.org/image_archive/ 640x480/PCD2741/PCD2741_IMG0096.JPG. Erişim tarihi: 22 Aralık 2014.
Germer, J. 2006. Aristolochia arborea [Online resim]. http://www.virboga.de/pics/big/004549.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2014.
Goldman, D. 2011. Aristolochia grandiflora [Online resim]. http://botlib.huh.harvard.edu/libraries/
Gray_Bicent/Images/article_aristo.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2014.
González, F. 1999. Inflorescence morphology and the systematics of Aristolochiaceae. Systematics and Geography of Plants. 68/1, 2: 159-172.
González, F., Stevenson, D.W. 2000. Gynostemium development in Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst.122/2: 249-291.
González, F., Stevenson, D.W. 2002. A phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Aristolochiodieae (Aristolochiaceae). Rev. Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. Fís. Nat.26: 25-60.
Hall, D. W., Brown, B. V. 1993. Pollination of Aristolochia littoralis (Aristolochiales: Aristolochiaceae) by males of Megaselia spp. (Diptera: Phoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America.86/ 5: 609-613.
Hao, W. 2009. Aristolochia bilobata [Online resim]. https://www.flickr.com/photos/ 34695382@N03/4128529882/?rb=1. Erişim tarihi: 19 Aralık 2014.
Jaramillo, M.A., Kramer, E. M. 2004. APETALA3 and PISTILLATA homologs exhibit novel expression patterns in the unique perianth of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae). Evolution & Development. 6/6: 449-458.
Knuth, P. 1909. Handbook of flower pollination. (J.R. Ainsworth Davis Trans.), London, Clarendon Press.
Lenton, S. 2010. Aristolochia cretica[Online resim]. http://www.cretanflora.com/images/Aristolochia%20cretica%20thumb.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Leong, Y. T. 2012. Aristolochia acuminata seed [Online resim]. http://www.chm.frim.gov.my/getattachment/7489a782-3993-40db88b7-50a19d1357f1/Aristolochia%20acuminata%20-%20Seed.aspx. Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2014.
Malyer, H., Bıçakçı, A., Neinhuis, C., Wanke, S., Tosunoğlu, A. 2011. Türkiye’de Yetişen Aristolochia L. Türleri Üzerine Taksonomik, Moleküler ve Palinolojik Araştırmalar. TUBİTAK Proje TBAG 107T707, 2011: 1-320.
Murugan, R., Shivanna, K.R., Rao, R.R. 2006. Pollination biology of Aristolochia tagala, a rare species of medicinal importance. Current Science.91/6: 795-798.
Nardi, E. 1984. The genus Aristolochia L.(Aristolochiaceae) in Italy. Webbia. 38/1: 221-300.
Oelschlägel, B., Gorb, S., Wanke, S., Neinhuis, C. 2009. Structure and biomechanics of trapping flower trichomes and their role in the pollination biology of Aristolochia plants (Aristolochiaceae). New Phytologist, 184/4: 988-1002.
Oelschlägel, B, Nuss, M., von Tschirnhaus, M., Pätzold, C., Neinhuis, C., Dötterl, S., Wanke, S. 2015. The betrayed thief- the extraordinary strategy of Aristolochia rotunda to deceive its pollinators. New Phytologist, 206: 342-351.
Payton, S. 2005. Aristolochia maxima [Online resim]. http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_SP/0003/320/Aristolochia_maxima_flower,I_SP309.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Pfeifer, H. W. 1966. Revision of the North and Central American Hexandrous Species of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 53/2: 115-196.
Proctor, M., Yeo, P., Lack, A. 1996. The natural history of pollination. New York, Harper Collins Publishers.
Roubik, D. 2003. Plate 36 [Online resim]. http://stri.si.edu/sites/roubik/images/36.gif. Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2014.
Rudall, P. J., Bateman, R. M. 2002. Roles of synorganisation, zygomorphy and heterotopy in floral evolution: the gynostemium and labellum of orchids and other lilioid monocots. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 77/3: 403-441.
Rulik, B., Wanke, S., Nuss, M., Neinhuis, C. 2008. Pollination of Aristolochia pallida Willd. (Aristolochiaceae) in the Mediterranean. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 203/2: 175-184.
Sakai, S. 2002a. Aristolochia spp. (Aristolochiaceae) pollinated by flies breeding on decomposing flowers in Panama. American Journal of Botany.89/3: 527-534.
Sakai, S. 2002b. A review of brood-site pollination mutualism: plants providing breeding sites for their pollinators. Journal of Plant Research.115/3: 0161-0168.
Sapir, O. F. 2007. Aristolochia sempervirens[Online resim]. http://i1.treknature.com/photos/ 1990/aaa_0133.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2014.
Scheper, J. 2002. Aristolochia elegans [Online resim]. http://www.floridata.com/wallpaper/jpg/Aristolochia_elegans800.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Shimizu, G. H. 2007. Aristolochia arcuata [Online resim]. http://www.plantsystematics.org/users/sv22 /1_8_07/Aristolochia_arcuata.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Shyamal, L. 2006. Aristolochia ringens [Online resim]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Aristolochia_sp.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 19 Aralık 2014.
Slotta, T. 2010. Aristolochia odoratissima [Online resim]. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/ Aristolochia_odoratissima_seeds.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2014.
Sotgui, F. 2012. Aristolochia rotunda [Online resim]. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KVqmQPlazb8/UGIV5SqvSjI/ AAAAAAAAAa0/7N-5QTwBFog/s1600/rotunda.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 19 Aralık 2014.
Stuber, K. 2014. Aristolochia arborea [Online resim]. http://www.exot-nutz-zier.de/images/prod_images/Aristolochia_arborea.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Tavola, 2007. Aristolochia clematitis [Online resim]. http://www.summagallicana.it/lessico/a/Aristolochia.htm. Erişim tarihi: 19 Haziran 2015.
Toptropicals, 2007. Aristolochia tagala [Online resim]. https://toptropicals.com/pics/garden/07/olymp6/P6266326.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2014.
Trujillo, C.G., Sérsic, A.N. 2006. Floral biology of Aristolochia argentina (Aristolochiaceae). Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants.201/5: 374-382.
Uc Davis (The Uc Davis Department Of Plant Sciences). 2012 Aristolochia californica [Online resim]. http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/courses/plb102/photos for lab manual/lab2/Aristolochia californica.jpg. Erişim tarihi: 22 Aralık 2014.
Wagner, S.T., Isnard, S., Rowe, N.P., Samain, M.S., Neinhuis, C., Wanke, S. 2012. Escaping the lianoid habit: evolution of shrublike growth forms in Aristolochia subgenus Isotrema (Aristolochiaceae). American Journal of Botany. 99: 1609–1629.
Wagner, S.T., Hesse, L., Isnard, S., Samain, M.S., Bolin, J., Maass, E., Neinhuis, C., Nick, P.R., Wanke, S. 2014. Major trends in stem anatomy and growth forms in the perianth-bearing Piperales, with special focus on Aristolochia. Ann Bot 113: 1139–1154.
Wanke, S., González, F., Neinhuis, C. 2006. Systematics of Pipevines: Combining Morphological and Fast‐Evolving Molecular Characters to Investigate the Relationships within Subfamily Aristolochioideae (Aristolochiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences. 167/6: 1215-1227.

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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Hasan Korkmaz This is me Alper Durmaz This is me
Publication Date	December 15, 2015
Published in Issue	Year 2015 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

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APA	Korkmaz, H., & Durmaz, A. (2015). Aristolochia L. Aristolochiaceae cinsinin generatif özellikleri. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 8(3), 195-208.

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❖ This journal is published three numbers in a year. Printed in Eskişehir/Türkiye.
❖ All sorts of responsibilities of the articles published in this journal are belonging to the authors
❖ Editör / Editor-In-Chief : Prof.Dr. Ersin YÜCEL, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8274-7578