Melatonin and Its Importance

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 342 - 350, 15.08.2021

Rabia Serpil Günhan

https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.974766

Öz

Melatonin is the essential hormone that is regularly secreted by the pineal gland of mammals on a dailybasis. Melatonin is involved in many chemical, biological and physiological bio activity period in the body. The main task of melatonin is to preserve the biological clock known as 'jet lag' and to adjust its rhythm. Melatonin has antioxidant enzymes stimulating, reducing lipid peroxidation, protecting brain tissue from oxidative damage. It also prevents the proliferation of cancer cells and tumor growth. Melatonin is a compound highly soluble in water and oil. Melatonin, a bioactive compound, is found in oranges, tomatoes, strawberries, grapes, cherries, oliveoil, rice, barley and walnuts and in some medicinal and aromatic plants that constitute the source of functional food and pharmaceutical raw materials consumed for health.. The purpose of this review is to contribute to healthy nutrition and life by examining studies investigating the importance of melatonin, its functional properties, profile in foods, and the effect of food processing on melatonin content.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Melatonin, Food, Health

Melatonin ve önemi

Öz

Melatonin memelilerin pineal bezi tarafından günlük olarak düzenli şekilde salgılanan temel hormondur. Melatonin, vücutta birçok kimyasal, biyolojik ve fizyolojik faaliyette yer almaktadır. Melatoninin asıl görevi ‘Jet lag’ olarak bilinen biyolojik saatin korunması ve ritminin ayarlanmasıdır. Melatonin antioksidan enzimleri uyarıcı, lipit peroksidasyonunu azaltıcı, beyin dokusunu oksidatif hasardan koruyucu etkiye sahiptir. Ayrıca kanser hücrelerinin çoğalmasını, tümör büyümesini engellemektedir. Melatonin suda ve yağda çözünürlüğü oldukça yüksek bir bileşiktir. Biyoaktif bir bileşik olan melatonin; portakal, domates, çilek, üzüm, kiraz, zeytinyağı, pirinç, arpa, ceviz ve sağlığa yönelik tüketilen fonksiyonel gıda ve ilaç hammaddelerinin kaynağını teşkil eden bazı tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerde farklı bileşimlerde bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı melatoninin önemi, fonksiyonel özellikleri, gıdalardaki profili ve gıda işlemenin melatonin içeriğine etkisi konularını araştıran çalışmaları inceleyerek sağlıklı beslenme ve yaşama katkı sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Melatonin, Gıda, Sağlık

Kaynakça

• Reference1 Nabavi, S. M., Nabavi, S. F., Sureda, A., Xiao, J., Dehpour, A. R., Shirooie, S., ... & Daglia, M. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Melatonin: A mechanistic review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 59(sup1), S4-S16.
• Reference2 Yakupoğlu, G., Köklü, Ş., & Korkmaz, A. (2018). Bitkilerde melatonin ve üstlendiği görevler. Tarim ve Doga Dergisi, 21(2), 264.
• Reference3 Shneider, A., Kudriavtsev, A., & Vakhrusheva, A. (2020). Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?. International reviews of immunology, 39(4), 153-162.
• Reference4 Zieliński, H., Szawara-Nowak, D., & Wiczkowski, W. (2017). Determination of melatonin in bakery products using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Chemical Papers, 71(6), 1083-1089.
• Reference5 Kleszczyński, K., Slominski, A. T., Steinbrink, K., & Reiter, R. J. (2020). Clinical trials for use of melatonin to fight against COVID-19 are urgently needed. Nutrients, 12(9), 2561.
• Reference6 Zieliński, H., Szawara-Nowak, D., & Wiczkowski, W. (2017). Determination of melatonin in bakery products using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Chemical Papers, 71(6), 1083-1089.
• Reference7 Chen, Z., Zhou, K., Ha, W., Chen, P., Fu, H., Shen, Y., ... & Xu, Z. (2019). Development of a low-cost, simple, fast and quantitative lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay (ICA) strip for melatonin in health foods. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 30(1), 497-509.
• Reference8 Meng, X., Li, Y., Li, S., Zhou, Y., Gan, R. Y., Xu, D. P., & Li, H. B. (2017). Dietary sources and bioactivities of melatonin. Nutrients, 9(4), 367.
• Reference9 Milagres, M. P., Minim, V. P., Minim, L. A., Simiqueli, A. A., Moraes, L. E., & Martino, H. S. (2014). Night milking adds value to cow's milk. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94(8), 1688-1692.
• Reference10 Pereira, N., Naufel, M. F., Ribeiro, E. B., Tufik, S., & Hachul, H. (2020). Influence of dietary sources of melatonin on sleep quality: A review. Journal of food science, 85(1), 5-13.
• Reference11 Pranil, T., Moongngarm, A., & Loypimai, P. (2020). Influence of pH, temperature, and light on the stability of melatonin in aqueous solutions and fruit juices. Heliyon, 6(3), e03648.
• Reference12 Favero, G., Franceschetti, L., Buffoli, B., Moghadasian, M. H., Reiter, R. J., Rodella, L. F., & Rezzani, R. (2017). Melatonin: Protection against age-related cardiac pathology. Ageing Research Reviews, 35, 336-349.
• Reference13 Garaulet, M., Qian, J., Florez, J. C., Arendt, J., Saxena, R., & Scheer, F. A. (2020). Melatonin effects on glucose metabolism: time to unlock the controversy. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 31(3), 192-204.
• Reference14 Özçelik, F., Erdem, M., Bolu, A., & Gülsün, M. (2013). Melatonin: Genel özellikleri ve psikiyatrik bozukluklardaki rolü. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 5(2), 179-203.
• Reference15 Atasoy, Ö. B., & Erbaş, O. (2017). Melatonin hormonunun fizyolojik etkileri. İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Tıp Dergisi, 3(1), 52-62.
• Reference16 Salehi, B., Sharopov, F., Fokou, P. V. T., Kobylinska, A., Jonge, L. D., Tadio, K., ... & Iriti, M. (2019). Melatonin in medicinal and food plants: Occurrence, bioavailability, and health potential for humans. Cells, 8(7), 681.
• Reference17 Deng, B., Xia, C., Tian, S., & Shi, H. (2021). Melatonin reduces pesticide residue, delays senescence, and improves antioxidant nutrient accumulation in postharvest jujube fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 173, 111419.
• Reference18 Anderson, G., & Reiter, R. J. (2020). Melatonin: roles in influenza, Covid‐19, and other viral infections. Reviews in medical virology, 30(3), e2109.
• Reference19 Öztürk, G., Akbulut, K. G., & Güney, Ş. (2020). Melatonin, aging, and COVID-19: Could melatonin be beneficial for COVID-19 treatment in the elderly?. Turkish journal of medical sciences, 50(6), 1504-1512.
• Reference20 Eker, M. E., & Karakaya, S. (2018). Akdeniz diyeti, melatonin ve sağlık. Türk Tarım-Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji dergisi, 6(9), 1258-1266.
• Reference21 Atasoy, N. (2019). Melatonin ve Antioksidan Etkileri. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(3), 196-201.
• Reference22 Esteban-Zubero, E., López-Pingarrón, L., Alatorre-Jiménez, M. A., Ochoa-Moneo, P., Buisac-Ramón, C., Rivas-Jiménez, M., ... & Reiter, R. J. (2017). Melatonin's role as a co-adjuvant treatment in colonic diseases: A review. Life sciences, 170, 72-81.
• Reference23 Juhnevica‐Radenkova, K., Moreno, D. A., Ikase, L., Drudze, I., & Radenkovs, V. (2020). Naturally occurring melatonin: Sources and possible ways of its biosynthesis. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 19(6), 4008-4030.
• Reference24 Yılmaz, C., & Gökmen, V. (2020). Neuroactive compounds in foods: Occurrence, mechanism and potential health effects. Food Research International, 128, 108744.
• Reference25 Arnao, M. B., & Hernández-Ruiz, J. (2018). Phytomelatonin, natural melatonin from plants as a novel dietary supplement: sources, activities and world market. Journal of Functional Foods, 48, 37-42.
• Reference26 Essa, M. M., Hamdan, H., Chidambaram, S. B., Al-Balushi, B., Guillemin, G. J., Ojcius, D. M., & Qoronfleh, M. W. (2020). Possible role of tryptophan and melatonin in COVID-19. International Journal of Tryptophan Research, 13: 1–2. DOI: 10.1177/1178646920951832.
• Reference27 Fernández‐Pachón, M. S., Medina, S., Herrero‐Martín, G., Cerrillo, I., Berná, G., Escudero‐López, B., ... & Gil‐Izquierdo, A. (2014). Alcoholic fermentation induces melatonin synthesis in orange juice. Journal of pineal research, 56(1), 31-38.
• Reference28 Sehirli, A. O., Sayiner, S., & Serakinci, N. (2020). Role of melatonin in the treatment of COVID-19; as an adjuvant through cluster differentiation 147 (CD147). Molecular biology reports, 1-5.
• Reference29 Karunanithi, D., Radhakrishna, A., Sivaraman, K. P., & Biju, V. M. N. (2014). Quantitative determination of melatonin in milk by LC-MS/MS. Journal of food science and technology, 51(4), 805-812.
• Reference30 Mena, P., Gil-Izquierdo, Á., Moreno, D. A., Martí, N., & García-Viguera, C. (2012). Assessment of the melatonin production in pomegranate wines. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 47(1), 13-18.
• Reference31 Amaral, F. G. D., & Cipolla-Neto, J. (2018). A brief review about melatonin, a pineal hormone. Archives of endocrinology and metabolism, 62(4), 472-479.
• Reference32 Johns, N. P., Johns, J., Porasuphatana, S., Plaimee, P., & Sae-Teaw, M. (2013). Dietary intake of melatonin from tropical fruit altered urinary excretion of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in healthy volunteers. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 61(4), 913-919.
• Reference33 Chen, G., Huo, Y., Tan, D. X., Liang, Z., Zhang, W., & Zhang, Y. (2003). Melatonin in Chinese medicinal herbs. Life sciences, 73(1), 19-26.
• Reference34 Özge, K. U. R. T., & Sedef, E. L. (2011). Biyoaktif bir gıda bileşeni L-karnitin: Beslenme ve sağlık açısından önemi ve biyoyararlılığı. TÜBAV Bilim Dergisi, 4(2), 97-102.
• Reference35 Romanini, E. B., Volpato, A. M., dos Santos, J. S., de Santana, E. H. W., de Souza, C. H. B., & Ludovico, A. (2019). Melatonin concentration in cow’s milk and sources of its variation. Journal of Applied Animal Research.
• Reference36 Feng, X., Wang, M., Zhao, Y., Han, P., & Dai, Y. (2014). Melatonin from different fruit sources, functional roles, and analytical methods. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 37(1), 21-31.
• Reference37 Reiter, R. J., Manchester, L. C., & Tan, D. X. (2005). Melatonin in walnuts: influence on levels of melatonin and total antioxidant capacity of blood. Nutrition, 21(9), 920-924.
• Reference38 de la Puerta, C., Carrascosa-Salmoral, M. P., García-Luna, P. P., Lardone, P. J., Herrera, J. L., Fernández-Montesinos, R., ... & Pozo, D. (2007). Melatonin is a phytochemical in olive oil. Food Chemistry, 104(2), 609-612.
• Reference39 Rodriguez-Naranjo, M. I., Gil-Izquierdo, A., Troncoso, A. M., Cantos-Villar, E., & Garcia-Parrilla, M. C. (2011). Melatonin is synthesised by yeast during alcoholic fermentation in wines. Food Chemistry, 126(4), 1608-1613.
• Reference40 Sae‐Teaw, M., Johns, J., Johns, N. P., & Subongkot, S. (2013). Serum melatonin levels and antioxidant capacities after consumption of pineapple, orange, or banana by healthy male volunteers. Journal of pineal research, 55(1), 58-64.
• Reference41 Üstündağ, H., Şentürk, E., & Gül, M. (2020) Melatonin and Hyperthyroidism. Arch Basic Clin Res, 2(2): 59-64. DOI: 10.5152/ABCR.2020.03.
• Reference42 Garcia‐Moreno, H., Calvo, J. R., & Maldonado, M. D. (2013). High levels of melatonin generated during the brewing process. Journal of pineal research, 55(1), 26-30.
• Reference43 Pothinuch, P., & Tongchitpakdee, S. (2011). Melatonin contents in mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves: effects of sample preparation, cultivar, leaf age and tea processing. Food chemistry, 128(2), 415-419.
• Reference44 Stürtz, M., Cerezo, A. B., Cantos-Villar, E., & Garcia-Parrilla, M. C. (2011). Determination of the melatonin content of different varieties of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and strawberries (Fragaria ananassa). Food Chemistry, 127(3), 1329-1334.
• Reference45 Molik, E., Bonczar, G., Żebrowska, A., Misztal, T., Pustkowiak, H., & Zięba, D. (2011). Effect of day length and exogenous melatonin on chemical composition of sheep milk. Archives Animal Breeding, 54(2), 177-187.
• Reference46 Fernández-Cruz, E., Álvarez-Fernández, M. A., Valero, E., Troncoso, A. M., & García-Parrilla, M. C. (2017). Melatonin and derived L-tryptophan metabolites produced during alcoholic fermentation by different wine yeast strains. Food chemistry, 217, 431-437.
• Reference47 Meng, J. F., Shi, T. C., Song, S., Zhang, Z. W., & Fang, Y. L. (2017). Melatonin in grapes and grape-related foodstuffs: A review. Food chemistry, 231, 185-191.
• Reference48 Çalişkan, U. K., Ceylan, A. K. A., & Emrah, B. O. R. (2017). Melatonin in edible and non-edible plants. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14(1), 75..
• Reference49 Özen, İ. T., & Ekşi, A. (2016). Melatonin and serotonin content of the main sour cherry varieties and commercially produced sour cherry concentrates. European International Journal of Science and Technology, 5(4), 57-64.
• Reference50 Ramakrishna, A., Giridhar, P., Sankar, K. U., & Ravishankar, G. A. (2012). Melatonin and serotonin profiles in beans of Coffea species. Journal of pineal research, 52(4), 470-476.
• Reference51 Taş, N. G., Yılmaz, C., & Gökmen, V. (2019). Investigation of serotonin, free and protein-bound tryptophan in Turkish hazelnut varieties and effect of roasting on serotonin content. Food Research International, 120, 865-871.
• Reference52 Riga, P., Medina, S., García-Flores, L. A., & Gil-Izquierdo, Á. (2014). Melatonin content of pepper and tomato fruits: Effects of cultivar and solar radiation. Food chemistry, 156, 347-352.
• Reference53 Kocadağlı, T., Yılmaz, C., & Gökmen, V. (2014). Determination of melatonin and its isomer in foods by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food chemistry, 153, 151-156.
• Reference54 Yılmaz, C., Kocadağlı, T., & Gokmen, V. (2014). Formation of melatonin and its isomer during bread dough fermentation and effect of baking. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 62(13), 2900-2905.
• Reference55 Tan, D. X., Zanghi, B. M., Manchester, L. C., & Reiter, R. J. (2014). Melatonin identified in meats and other food stuffs: potentially nutritional impact. Journal of pineal research, 57(2), 213-218.