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Phytochemical analysis and biological effects of Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. (Apiaceae)

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 79 - 90, 15.04.2024

Gökalp İşcan , Bilge Nur Mutlu , Seda Hacıoğlu , Arzu İşcan , Yavuz Bülent Köse , Mine Kürkçüoğlu

https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2023.1334241

Abstract

Phytochemical analysis and biological effects of Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm.
(Apiaceae)

Gökalp İŞCAN 1, Bilge Nur MUTLU 2, Seda HACIOĞLU 3, Arzu İŞCAN 4, Yavuz Bülent KÖSE 5, Mine KÜRKÇÜOĞLU 6

ORCID: 0000-0003-1210-0490; 0009-0005-1725-3826; 0000-0003-2357-9038; 0000-0003-2366-2114;
0000-0002-3060-7271; 0000-0002-9375-0294


Anadolu Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Eskişehir Türkiye


Abstract
Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. (Apiaceae) is an annual, herbaceous weed that naturally growing in Türkiye. It is known as “karaheci, pitrak, broad-leaved pitrak, pitrak thistle, water pitrak” in local population. Knowing that there are few studies on this plant and its usage in folk medicine is quite limited.
In the present study crude extracts were prepared from the fruits, roots and the aerial parts of the plant collected from its natural habitat. The essential oil was obtained by microdistillation method and its full composition was determined by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) simultaneously. 57, 52 and 42 different compounds were determined, representing 96.3%, 99.7% and 99.3% of the oils of aerial parts, fruits and roots respectively.
Total phenolic content, antioxidant (DPPH• and ABTS•+), lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory, anticandidal and antibacterial activities of the extracts were also studied. Furthermore, mode of action of the herbal extract on Candida albicans and C. tropicalis was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy analysis.

Keywords: Turgenia latifolia, antimicrobial, antioxidant, phytochemical profile, gas chromatography, TEM
----------  ----------

Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm.’nın (Apiaceae) fitokimyasal analizi ve biyolojik etkileri
Özet
Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. (Apiaceae) tek yıllık, otsu bir yabancı ot olup Türkiye’de doğal olarak yayılış göstermektedir. Halk arasında “karaheci, pıtrak, geniş yapraklı pıtrak, pıtrak dikeni, su pıtrağı” isimleriyle bilinir. Halk arasında oldukça sınırlı kullanımı olan ve hakkında neredeyse hiç araştırma olmayan bu bitki, doğal olarak yetiştiği bölgeden toplanarak herba, meyve ve kök kısımlarından total ekstreler hazırlanmıştır. Bitkinin uçucu yağı mikrodistilasyon yöntemi ile elde edilerek, kompozisyonu gaz kromatografisi (GK-AID) ve gaz kromatografisi kütle spektrometresi (GK/KS) kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Herba, meyve ve kök yağlarının sırasıyla %96,3, %99,7 ve %99,3’ünü temsil eden 57, 52 ve 42 farklı bileşik tespit edilmiştir. Total fenolik madde miktarı, antioksidan aktivite (DPPH• ve ABTS•+), lipooksijenaz (LOX) inhibisyonu, antikandidal ve antibakteriyal aktivite testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, herba ekstresinin Candida albicans ve C. tropicalis türleri üzerinde geçirimli elektron mikroskobu ile antikandidal etki mekanizması ortaya konmuştur.
Anahtar kelimeler: Turgenia latifolia, antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, fitokimyasal profil, gaz kromatografisi, TEM

Keywords

Turgenia latifolia antimicrobial antioxidant phytochemical profile gas chromatograhy TEM

References

  • [1] Hanf, M. (1983). The arable weeds of Europe with their seedlings and seeds. The arable weeds of Europe with their seedlings and seeds, BASF United Kingdom.
  • [2] Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., & Babaç, M. T. (2012). Türkiye bitkileri listesi. Damarlı Bitkiler, Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, 262.
  • [3] Sayed-Ahmad, B., Talou, T., Saad, Z., Hijazi, A., & Merah, O. (2017). The Apiaceae: Ethnomedicinal family as source for industrial uses. Industrial crops and products, 109, 661-671 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.09.027
  • [4] Başer, K., Kırımer, N. (2014). Essential oils of Anatolian Apiaceae-A profile. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils, 1(1), 1-50.
  • [5] Hickey, M., King, C. (1997). Common families of flowering plants. Cambridge University Press.
  • [6] Pimenov, M. G., Leonov, M. V., van Wyk, B. E., & Tilney, P. M. (2004). Asia, the continent with the highest Umbelliferae biodiversity. South African Journal of Botany, 70(3), 417-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30224-6
  • [7] Wang, X. J., Luo, Q., Li, T., Meng, P. H., Pu, Y. T., Liu, J. X., & Xiong, A. S. (2022). Origin, evolution, breeding, and omics of Apiaceae: a family of vegetables and medicinal plants. Horticulture Research, 9, https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac076
  • [8] Li, M., Li, M., Wang, L., Li, M., & Wei, J. (2023). Apiaceae Medicinal Plants in China: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Bolting and Flowering (BF), and BF Control Methods. Molecules, 28(11), https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114384
  • [9] Amiri, M. S., & Joharchi, M. R. (2016). Ethnobotanical knowledge of Apiaceae family in Iran: A review. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine, 6(6), 621.
  • [10] Davis, P. H. (1972). Flora Of Turkey. Edinburgh at the University Press 22, vol. 4: 527, Edinburgh.
  • [11] Rechinger, K. H. (1964). Flora Iranica: Akademische Druck-und Verlagsanstalt Graz. University of Tehran, Iran, 549.
  • [12] Walters, S. M., & Pawlowski, B. (1968). Flora Europaea, Cambridge University Pres.
  • [13] Mosaddegh, M., Naghibi, F., Moazzeni, H., Pirani, A., & Esmaeili, S. (2012). Ethnobotanical survey of herbal remedies traditionally used in Kohghiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad province of Iran. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 141(1), 80-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.004
  • [14] Baser KHC, Demirci B, Demirci F, Kirimer N, Hedge IC. Microdistillation as a useful tool for the analysis of minute amounts of aromatic plant materials. Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 2001, 37:336-8. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013718517771
  • [15] McLafferty, F. W., & Stauffer, D. B. (1989). The Wiley/NBS registry of mass spectral data (Vol. 1). New York: Wiley.
  • [16] Boelens, M. (1999). The complete database of essential oils, Boelens Aroma chemical information service. The Netherlands.
  • [17] Vl, S. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Methods in Enzymology, 299, 152-178.
  • [18] Kumarasamy, Y., Byres, M., Cox, P. J., Jaspars, M., Nahar, L., & Sarker, S. D. (2007). Screening seeds of some Scottish plants for free radical scavenging activity. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 21(7), 615-621. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2129
  • [19] Blois, M. S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181(4617), 1199-1200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  • [20] Kumarasamy, Y., Fergusson, M. E., Nahar, L., & Sarker, S. D. (2002). Bioactivity of moschamindole from Centaurea moschata. Pharmaceutical Biology, 40(4), 307-310. https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.40.4.307.8467
  • [21] Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free radical biology and medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-1237 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
  • [22] Baylac, S., & Racine, P. (2003). Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase by essential oils and other natural fragrant extracts. International Journal of Aromatherapy, 13(2-3), 138-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-4562(03)00083-3
  • [23] PA, W. (2002). Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts, Approved standard. CLSI document M27-A2.
  • [24] MA, W. (2006). Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: approved standard. CLSI (NCCLS), 26, M7-A7
  • [25] İşcan, G., İşcan, A., & Demirci, F. (2016). Anticandidal effects of thymoquinone: Mode of action determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Natural product communications, 11(7), https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1601100726
  • [26] Gürsu, B. Y. (2022) Klinik Candida izolatlarında karvakrolün antimikrobiyal etkilerinin araştırılması ve immunoelektron mikroskobik yöntem ile görüntülenmesi. Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma, 15(2), 265-272. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2022.1120159
  • [27] Ceylan, R., Zengin, G., Aktümsek, A., Apiaceae familyasına ait Turgenia latifolia’ nın GC-MS ile Uçucu Yağ Kompozisyonunun Belirlenmesi, 22. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, 2014.
  • [28] Hajimehdipoor, H., Ara, L., Moazzeni, H., & Esmaeili, S. (2016). Evaluating the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of some plants from Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad province, Iran. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 3(4), 1-7.
  • [29] Sardari, S., Amin, G., Micetich, R. G., & Daneshtalab, M. (1998). Phytopharmaceuticals. Part 1. Antifungal activity of selected Iranian and Canadian plants. Pharmaceutical Biology, 36(3), 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.36.3.180.6348

Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm.’nın (Apiaceae) fitokimyasal analizi ve biyolojik etkileri

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 79 - 90, 15.04.2024

Gökalp İşcan , Bilge Nur Mutlu , Seda Hacıoğlu , Arzu İşcan , Yavuz Bülent Köse , Mine Kürkçüoğlu

https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2023.1334241

Abstract

Phytochemical analysis and biological effects of Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm.
(Apiaceae)

Gökalp İŞCAN 1, Bilge Nur MUTLU 2, Seda HACIOĞLU 3, Arzu İŞCAN 4, Yavuz Bülent KÖSE 5, Mine KÜRKÇÜOĞLU 6

ORCID: 0000-0003-1210-0490; 0009-0005-1725-3826; 0000-0003-2357-9038; 0000-0003-2366-2114;
0000-0002-3060-7271; 0000-0002-9375-0294


Anadolu Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Eskişehir Türkiye


Abstract
Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. (Apiaceae) is an annual, herbaceous weed that naturally growing in Türkiye. It is known as “karaheci, pitrak, broad-leaved pitrak, pitrak thistle, water pitrak” in local population. Knowing that there are few studies on this plant and its usage in folk medicine is quite limited.
In the present study crude extracts were prepared from the fruits, roots and the aerial parts of the plant collected from its natural habitat. The essential oil was obtained by microdistillation method and its full composition was determined by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) simultaneously. 57, 52 and 42 different compounds were determined, representing 96.3%, 99.7% and 99.3% of the oils of aerial parts, fruits and roots respectively.
Total phenolic content, antioxidant (DPPH• and ABTS•+), lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory, anticandidal and antibacterial activities of the extracts were also studied. Furthermore, mode of action of the herbal extract on Candida albicans and C. tropicalis was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy analysis.

Keywords: Turgenia latifolia, antimicrobial, antioxidant, phytochemical profile, gas chromatography, TEM
----------  ----------

Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm.’nın (Apiaceae) fitokimyasal analizi ve biyolojik etkileri
Özet
Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. (Apiaceae) tek yıllık, otsu bir yabancı ot olup Türkiye’de doğal olarak yayılış göstermektedir. Halk arasında “karaheci, pıtrak, geniş yapraklı pıtrak, pıtrak dikeni, su pıtrağı” isimleriyle bilinir. Halk arasında oldukça sınırlı kullanımı olan ve hakkında neredeyse hiç araştırma olmayan bu bitki, doğal olarak yetiştiği bölgeden toplanarak herba, meyve ve kök kısımlarından total ekstreler hazırlanmıştır. Bitkinin uçucu yağı mikrodistilasyon yöntemi ile elde edilerek, kompozisyonu gaz kromatografisi (GK-AID) ve gaz kromatografisi kütle spektrometresi (GK/KS) kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Herba, meyve ve kök yağlarının sırasıyla %96,3, %99,7 ve %99,3’ünü temsil eden 57, 52 ve 42 farklı bileşik tespit edilmiştir. Total fenolik madde miktarı, antioksidan aktivite (DPPH• ve ABTS•+), lipooksijenaz (LOX) inhibisyonu, antikandidal ve antibakteriyal aktivite testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, herba ekstresinin Candida albicans ve C. tropicalis türleri üzerinde geçirimli elektron mikroskobu ile antikandidal etki mekanizması ortaya konmuştur.
Anahtar kelimeler: Turgenia latifolia, antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, fitokimyasal profil, gaz kromatografisi, TEM

Keywords

Turgenia latifolia antimikrobiyal antioksidan fitokimyasal profil gaz kromatografisi TEM

Supporting Institution

Anadolu Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Farmakognozi Anabilim Dalı, Merkezi Araştırma Laboratuvarı Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (ARUM)

Thanks

Geçirimli elektron mikroskopu ile elde edilen fotoğraflar için Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Merkezi Araştırma Laboratuvarı Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi’ne (ARUM) ve Doç. Dr. Bükay YENİCE GÜRSU’ya teşekkürlerimizi sunarız. Bu çalışma ANABAP desteği ile sağlanan sarf malzemeler ve Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğünce alınan izin ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.

References

  • [1] Hanf, M. (1983). The arable weeds of Europe with their seedlings and seeds. The arable weeds of Europe with their seedlings and seeds, BASF United Kingdom.
  • [2] Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., & Babaç, M. T. (2012). Türkiye bitkileri listesi. Damarlı Bitkiler, Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, 262.
  • [3] Sayed-Ahmad, B., Talou, T., Saad, Z., Hijazi, A., & Merah, O. (2017). The Apiaceae: Ethnomedicinal family as source for industrial uses. Industrial crops and products, 109, 661-671 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.09.027
  • [4] Başer, K., Kırımer, N. (2014). Essential oils of Anatolian Apiaceae-A profile. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils, 1(1), 1-50.
  • [5] Hickey, M., King, C. (1997). Common families of flowering plants. Cambridge University Press.
  • [6] Pimenov, M. G., Leonov, M. V., van Wyk, B. E., & Tilney, P. M. (2004). Asia, the continent with the highest Umbelliferae biodiversity. South African Journal of Botany, 70(3), 417-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30224-6
  • [7] Wang, X. J., Luo, Q., Li, T., Meng, P. H., Pu, Y. T., Liu, J. X., & Xiong, A. S. (2022). Origin, evolution, breeding, and omics of Apiaceae: a family of vegetables and medicinal plants. Horticulture Research, 9, https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac076
  • [8] Li, M., Li, M., Wang, L., Li, M., & Wei, J. (2023). Apiaceae Medicinal Plants in China: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Bolting and Flowering (BF), and BF Control Methods. Molecules, 28(11), https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114384
  • [9] Amiri, M. S., & Joharchi, M. R. (2016). Ethnobotanical knowledge of Apiaceae family in Iran: A review. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine, 6(6), 621.
  • [10] Davis, P. H. (1972). Flora Of Turkey. Edinburgh at the University Press 22, vol. 4: 527, Edinburgh.
  • [11] Rechinger, K. H. (1964). Flora Iranica: Akademische Druck-und Verlagsanstalt Graz. University of Tehran, Iran, 549.
  • [12] Walters, S. M., & Pawlowski, B. (1968). Flora Europaea, Cambridge University Pres.
  • [13] Mosaddegh, M., Naghibi, F., Moazzeni, H., Pirani, A., & Esmaeili, S. (2012). Ethnobotanical survey of herbal remedies traditionally used in Kohghiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad province of Iran. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 141(1), 80-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.004
  • [14] Baser KHC, Demirci B, Demirci F, Kirimer N, Hedge IC. Microdistillation as a useful tool for the analysis of minute amounts of aromatic plant materials. Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 2001, 37:336-8. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013718517771
  • [15] McLafferty, F. W., & Stauffer, D. B. (1989). The Wiley/NBS registry of mass spectral data (Vol. 1). New York: Wiley.
  • [16] Boelens, M. (1999). The complete database of essential oils, Boelens Aroma chemical information service. The Netherlands.
  • [17] Vl, S. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Methods in Enzymology, 299, 152-178.
  • [18] Kumarasamy, Y., Byres, M., Cox, P. J., Jaspars, M., Nahar, L., & Sarker, S. D. (2007). Screening seeds of some Scottish plants for free radical scavenging activity. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 21(7), 615-621. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2129
  • [19] Blois, M. S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181(4617), 1199-1200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  • [20] Kumarasamy, Y., Fergusson, M. E., Nahar, L., & Sarker, S. D. (2002). Bioactivity of moschamindole from Centaurea moschata. Pharmaceutical Biology, 40(4), 307-310. https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.40.4.307.8467
  • [21] Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free radical biology and medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-1237 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
  • [22] Baylac, S., & Racine, P. (2003). Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase by essential oils and other natural fragrant extracts. International Journal of Aromatherapy, 13(2-3), 138-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-4562(03)00083-3
  • [23] PA, W. (2002). Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts, Approved standard. CLSI document M27-A2.
  • [24] MA, W. (2006). Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: approved standard. CLSI (NCCLS), 26, M7-A7
  • [25] İşcan, G., İşcan, A., & Demirci, F. (2016). Anticandidal effects of thymoquinone: Mode of action determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Natural product communications, 11(7), https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1601100726
  • [26] Gürsu, B. Y. (2022) Klinik Candida izolatlarında karvakrolün antimikrobiyal etkilerinin araştırılması ve immunoelektron mikroskobik yöntem ile görüntülenmesi. Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma, 15(2), 265-272. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2022.1120159
  • [27] Ceylan, R., Zengin, G., Aktümsek, A., Apiaceae familyasına ait Turgenia latifolia’ nın GC-MS ile Uçucu Yağ Kompozisyonunun Belirlenmesi, 22. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, 2014.
  • [28] Hajimehdipoor, H., Ara, L., Moazzeni, H., & Esmaeili, S. (2016). Evaluating the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of some plants from Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad province, Iran. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 3(4), 1-7.
  • [29] Sardari, S., Amin, G., Micetich, R. G., & Daneshtalab, M. (1998). Phytopharmaceuticals. Part 1. Antifungal activity of selected Iranian and Canadian plants. Pharmaceutical Biology, 36(3), 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.36.3.180.6348
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other), Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gökalp İşcan 0000-0003-1210-0490

Bilge Nur Mutlu 0009-0005-1725-3826

Seda Hacıoğlu 0000-0003-2357-9038

Arzu İşcan 0000-0003-2366-2114

Yavuz Bülent Köse 0000-0002-3060-7271

Mine Kürkçüoğlu 0000-0002-9375-0294

Early Pub Date January 18, 2024
Publication Date April 15, 2024
Submission Date July 30, 2023
Acceptance Date October 7, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA İşcan, G., Mutlu, B. N., Hacıoğlu, S., … İşcan, A. (2024). Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm.’nın (Apiaceae) fitokimyasal analizi ve biyolojik etkileri. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 17(1), 79-90. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2023.1334241
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