Modulation of sphingolipid metabolism: Investigation of the apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of the ceramidase Inhibitor D-e-MAPP in HT29 colon cancer cells

Hüseyin İzgördü; Oğuzhan Selvi; Hatice Mehtap Kutlu

doi:10.46309/biodicon.2025.1604413

Research Article

Modulation of sphingolipid metabolism: Investigation of the apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of the ceramidase Inhibitor D-e-MAPP in HT29 colon cancer cells

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 283 - 290

Hüseyin İzgördü , Oğuzhan Selvi Hatice Mehtap Kutlu

https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1604413

Abstract

Purpose: Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers of the digestive system and usually develops when polyps
develop into cancer. Factors such as age, genetic predisposition and dietary habits increase the risk of the disease.
Therefore, early diagnosis of colon cancer and development of appropriate clinical approaches are of great importance
today. Sphingolipids are essential biological molecules that serve as important components of cell membranes and play
important roles in various cellular processes. They are involved in various basic biological processes such as cell growth
and differentiation, especially apoptosis (programmed cell death) and intracellular signaling. Sphingolipids are divided
into different subgroups such as ceramide, sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipid and coordinate the design and activities
of cells and play important roles in anticancer processes such as cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis. Dysfunction of
sphingolipid metabolism plays a critical role in the development and progression of numerous cancers. Altered
sphingolipid balance in cancer cells can affect the regulation of processes such as cellular growth, invasion and metastasis.
In particular, changes in ceramide levels can activate cell survival pathways and cause cancer to become more aggressive.
Method: In order to investigate the potential anticancer effects of ceramide inhibitor, we investigated the effects of D-e
MAPP, a ceramidase inhibitor, on HT29 colon cancer cell line. For this purpose, cell viability and morphological changes
after treatment were evaluated in detail. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay to determine the cytotoxic effects
of treatment. Furthermore, structural and morphological changes in cells were visualized by confocal microscopy and
treatment-induced cell death modes were determined by flow cytometry to obtain detailed information on cell death
pathways.
Findings: These methods aim to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of ceramidase inhibitors
on colon cancer cells.
Conclusion: This study aims to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of ceramidase inhibitors
such as D-e-MAPP on colon cancer cells. By assessing cell viability, morphological changes and cell death pathways,
this research provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic applications of targeting sphingolipid metabolism
in colon cancer treatment.
Keywords: Colon cancer, sphingolipids, D-e-MAPP

Keywords

Colon cancer , sphingolipids , D-e-MAPP

Ethical Statement

Conflicts of interest: No Conflict of Interest. Funding: No Funding Received. Ethical statement: This study does not require ethical approval. Declaration of interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Author contributions: Design; H. İZGÖRDÜ, O. SELVİ, H.M. KUTLU, Supervision; H. İZGÖRDÜ, O. SELVİ, H.M. KUTLU Resources; H. İZGÖRDÜ, O. SELVİ, H.M. KUTLU,Materials; H. İZGÖRDÜ, O. SELVİ, H.M. KUTLU, Data Collection and/or Processing; H. İZGÖRDÜ, O. SELVİ, H.M. KUTLU, Analysis and/or Interpretation; H. İZGÖRDÜ, O. SELVİ, H.M. KUTLU, Literature Search; H. İZGÖRDÜ, O. SELVİ, H.M. KUTLU, Writing; H. İZGÖRDÜ, O. SELVİ, H.M. KUTLU, Critical Reviews; H. İZGÖRDÜ, O. SELVİ, H.M. KUTLU

References

[1] Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 71(3), 209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
[2] Zhang, S., Cao, L., Li, Z., & Qu, D. (2019). Metabolic reprogramming links chronic intestinal inflammation and the oncogenic transformation in colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer letters, 450, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.045
[3] Landskron, G., De la Fuente, M., Thuwajit, P., Thuwajit, C., & Hermoso, M. A. (2014). Chronic inflammation and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. Journal of immunology research, 2014, 149185. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/149185
[4] Torrens-Mas, M., Alorda-Clara, M., Martínez-Vigara, M., Roca, P., Sastre-Serra, J., Oliver, J., & Pons, D. G. (2022). Xanthohumol reduces inflammation and cell metabolism in HT29 primary colon cancer cells. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 73(4), 471–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2021.2012561
[5] Herr, I., Wilhelm, D., Böhler, T., Angel, P., & Debatin, K. M. (1997). Activation of CD95 (APO-1/Fas) signaling by ceramide mediates cancer therapy-induced apoptosis. The EMBO journal, 16(20), 6200–6208. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/16.20.6200
[6] Ogretmen B. (2018). Sphingolipid metabolism in cancer signalling and therapy. Nature reviews. Cancer, 18(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2017.96
[7] Kuo, A., & Hla, T. (2024). Regulation of cellular and systemic sphingolipid homeostasis. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology, 25(10), 802–821. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-024-00742-y
[8] Hannun Y. A. (1996). Functions of ceramide in coordinating cellular responses to stress. Science (New York, N.Y.), 274(5294), 1855–1859. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5294.1855
[9] Kim, R. H., Takabe, K., Milstien, S., & Spiegel, S. (2009). Export and functions of sphingosine-1-phosphate. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1791(7), 692–696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.02.011
[10] Cuvillier O. (2002). Sphingosine in apoptosis signaling. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1585(2-3), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1388-1981(02)00336-0
[11] Draper, J. M., Xia, Z., Smith, R. A., Zhuang, Y., Wang, W., & Smith, C. D. (2011). Discovery and evaluation of inhibitors of human ceramidase. Molecular cancer therapeutics, 10(11), 2052–2061. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0365
[12] Bartke, N., & Hannun, Y. A. (2009). Bioactive sphingolipids: metabolism and function. Journal of lipid research, 50 Suppl(Suppl), S91–S96. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R800080-JLR200
[13] Kok, J. W., & Sietsma, H. (2004). Sphingolipid metabolism enzymes as targets for anticancer therapy. Current drug targets, 5(4), 375–382. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450043345452
[14] Pettus, B. J., Chalfant, C. E., & Hannun, Y. A. (2002). Ceramide in apoptosis: an overview and current perspectives. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1585(2-3), 114–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1388-1981(02)00331-1
[15] Parveen, F., Bender, D., Law, S. H., Mishra, V. K., Chen, C. C., & Ke, L. Y. (2019). Role of Ceramidases in Sphingolipid Metabolism and Human Diseases. Cells, 8(12), 1573. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121573
[16] İzgördü, H., Vejselova Sezer, C., Çömlekçi, E., & Kutlu, H. M. (2020). Characteristics of apoptosis induction in human breast cancer cells treated with a ceramidase inhibitor.Cytotechnology, 72(6), 907–919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-020-00436-1
[17] Erdoğan, M. K., Agca, C. A., & Geçibesler, İ. H. (2020). The antiproliferative potential of isolated emodin and aloe-emodin from Rheum ribes on different cancer cell lines. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 13(2), 160-168. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2020.753046
[18] İzgördü, H., Sezer, C.V., & Ertorun, N. (2024). Exploring the Antiproliferative, Cytotoxic and Proapoptotic Properties of Virkon-S in Carp Epithelioma Papulosum Cells. Iranian Journal of Science, 48, 1125-1133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-024-01692-y
[19] Özbolat, S. N., & Ayna, A. (2021). Chrysin Suppresses HT-29 Cell Death Induced by Diclofenac through Apoptosis and Oxidative Damage. Nutrition and cancer, 73(8), 1419–1428. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2020.1801775
[20] Tomić, T., Domínguez-López, S., & Barrios-Rodríguez, R. (2019). Non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in prevention of colorectal cancer in people aged 40 or older: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer epidemiology, 58, 52–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2018.11.002
[21] Ozogul, B., Kisaoglu, A., Ozturk, G., Atamanalp, S. S., Yıldırgan, M. İ., & Aydinli, B. (2014). Management of Perforated Colon Cancers. European Journal of General Medicine, 11(3), 164-168. https://doi.org/10.15197/sabad.1.11.63
[22] Riboni, L., Campanella, R., Bassi, R., Villani, R., Gaini, S. M., Martinelli-Boneschi, F., Viani, P., & Tettamanti, G. (2002). Ceramide levels are inversely associated with malignant progression of human glial tumors. Glia, 39(2), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.10087
[23] Ogretmen, B., & Hannun, Y. A. (2004). Biologically active sphingolipids in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Nature reviews. Cancer, 4(8), 604–616. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1411
[24] Vejselova, D., Kutlu, H.M., Kus, G., Kabader, S., Uyar, R. (2014). Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of ceranib-2 offering potential for a new antineoplastic agent in the treatment of cancer cells. Turkish Journal of Biology, 38, 916-921. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1405-36
[25] Cengiz, M., Sezer, C. V., Gür, B., Bayrakdar, A., İzgördü, H., Alanyalı, F., Öziç, C., & Kutlu, H. M. (2024). The role of ceranib-2 and its nanoform on the decrease of telomerase levels in human non-small cell cancer. Molecular biology reports, 51(1), 889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09838-2

Sfingolipid Metabolizmasının Modülasyonu: Seramidaz İnhibitörü D-e-MAPP'ın HT29 Kolon Kanseri Hücrelerinde Apoptotik ve Sitotoksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 283 - 290

Hüseyin İzgördü , Oğuzhan Selvi Hatice Mehtap Kutlu

https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1604413

Abstract

Amaç: Kolon kanseri en sık görülen sindirim sistemi kanserlerinden biridir ve genellikle poliplerin kansere dönüşmesiyle
gelişir. Yaş, genetik yatkınlık ve beslenme alışkanlıkları gibi faktörler hastalık riskini artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle kolon
kanserinin erken teşhisi ve uygun klinik yaklaşımların geliştirilmesi günümüzde büyük önem taşımaktadır. Sfingolipidler,
*Corresponding author Tel.: +905066822016; E-mail:huseyinizgordu@gmail.com
© Copyright 2025 by Biological Diversity and Conservation
Geliş tarihi: 19.12.2024; Yayın tarihi: 15.12.2025
BioDiCon. 1184-191224
284
Biological Diversity and Conservation – 18 / 3 (2025)
hücre membranlarının önemli bileşenleri olarak görev yapan ve çeşitli hücresel süreçlerde önemli roller oynayan temel
biyolojik moleküllerdir. Hücre büyümesi ve farklılaşması, özellikle apoptoz (programlanmış hücre ölümü) ve hücre içi
sinyalizasyon gibi çeşitli temel biyolojik süreçlere katılırlar. Sfingolipidler seramid, sfingomiyelin ve glikosfingolipid
gibi farklı alt gruplara ayrılır ve hücrelerin tasarımını ve faaliyetlerini koordine eder ve hücre döngüsünü durdurma ve
apoptozu indükleme gibi antikanser süreçlerinde önemli roller oynar. Sfingolipid metabolizması işlev bozukluğu, çok
sayıda kanserin gelişimi ve ilerlemesinde kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Kanser hücrelerinde sfingolipid dengesinin
değişmesi hücresel büyüme, invazyon ve metastaz gibi süreçlerin düzenlenmesini etkileyebilir. Özellikle, seramid
seviyelerindeki değişiklikler hücre hayatta kalma yollarını aktive edebilir ve kanserin daha agresif hale gelmesine neden
olabilir.
Metod:Seramid inhibitörünün potansiyel antikanser etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla, bu çalışmada bir seramidaz inhibitörü
olan D-e-MAPP'nin HT29 kolon kanseri hücre hattı üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, tedavi sonrası hücre
canlılığı ve morfolojik değişiklikler ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Hücre canlılığı, tedavinin sitotoksik etkilerini
belirlemek için MTT testi ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, hücrelerdeki yapısal ve morfolojik değişiklikler konfokal mikroskopi
ile görüntülenmiş ve hücre ölüm yolları hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi edinmek için tedaviye bağlı hücre ölüm modları akış
sitometrisi ile belirlenmiştir.
Bulgular: Bu yöntemler, seramidaz inhibitörlerinin kolon kanseri hücreleri üzerindeki etkilerinin daha kapsamlı bir
şekilde anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, D-e-MAPP gibi seramidaz inhibitörünün kolon kanseri hücreleri üzerindeki etkilerinin daha kapsamlı
bir şekilde anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Hücre canlılığını, morfolojik değişiklikleri ve hücre ölüm
yollarını değerlendiren bu araştırma, kolon kanseri tedavisinde sfingolipid metabolizmasını hedeflemenin potansiyel
terapötik uygulamaları hakkında değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Kolon kanseri , sfingolipidler , D-e-MAPP

Ethical Statement

References

[1] Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 71(3), 209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
[2] Zhang, S., Cao, L., Li, Z., & Qu, D. (2019). Metabolic reprogramming links chronic intestinal inflammation and the oncogenic transformation in colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer letters, 450, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.045
[3] Landskron, G., De la Fuente, M., Thuwajit, P., Thuwajit, C., & Hermoso, M. A. (2014). Chronic inflammation and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. Journal of immunology research, 2014, 149185. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/149185
[4] Torrens-Mas, M., Alorda-Clara, M., Martínez-Vigara, M., Roca, P., Sastre-Serra, J., Oliver, J., & Pons, D. G. (2022). Xanthohumol reduces inflammation and cell metabolism in HT29 primary colon cancer cells. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 73(4), 471–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2021.2012561
[5] Herr, I., Wilhelm, D., Böhler, T., Angel, P., & Debatin, K. M. (1997). Activation of CD95 (APO-1/Fas) signaling by ceramide mediates cancer therapy-induced apoptosis. The EMBO journal, 16(20), 6200–6208. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/16.20.6200
[6] Ogretmen B. (2018). Sphingolipid metabolism in cancer signalling and therapy. Nature reviews. Cancer, 18(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2017.96
[7] Kuo, A., & Hla, T. (2024). Regulation of cellular and systemic sphingolipid homeostasis. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology, 25(10), 802–821. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-024-00742-y
[8] Hannun Y. A. (1996). Functions of ceramide in coordinating cellular responses to stress. Science (New York, N.Y.), 274(5294), 1855–1859. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5294.1855
[9] Kim, R. H., Takabe, K., Milstien, S., & Spiegel, S. (2009). Export and functions of sphingosine-1-phosphate. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1791(7), 692–696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.02.011
[10] Cuvillier O. (2002). Sphingosine in apoptosis signaling. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1585(2-3), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1388-1981(02)00336-0
[11] Draper, J. M., Xia, Z., Smith, R. A., Zhuang, Y., Wang, W., & Smith, C. D. (2011). Discovery and evaluation of inhibitors of human ceramidase. Molecular cancer therapeutics, 10(11), 2052–2061. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0365
[12] Bartke, N., & Hannun, Y. A. (2009). Bioactive sphingolipids: metabolism and function. Journal of lipid research, 50 Suppl(Suppl), S91–S96. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R800080-JLR200
[13] Kok, J. W., & Sietsma, H. (2004). Sphingolipid metabolism enzymes as targets for anticancer therapy. Current drug targets, 5(4), 375–382. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450043345452
[14] Pettus, B. J., Chalfant, C. E., & Hannun, Y. A. (2002). Ceramide in apoptosis: an overview and current perspectives. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1585(2-3), 114–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1388-1981(02)00331-1
[15] Parveen, F., Bender, D., Law, S. H., Mishra, V. K., Chen, C. C., & Ke, L. Y. (2019). Role of Ceramidases in Sphingolipid Metabolism and Human Diseases. Cells, 8(12), 1573. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121573
[16] İzgördü, H., Vejselova Sezer, C., Çömlekçi, E., & Kutlu, H. M. (2020). Characteristics of apoptosis induction in human breast cancer cells treated with a ceramidase inhibitor.Cytotechnology, 72(6), 907–919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-020-00436-1
[17] Erdoğan, M. K., Agca, C. A., & Geçibesler, İ. H. (2020). The antiproliferative potential of isolated emodin and aloe-emodin from Rheum ribes on different cancer cell lines. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 13(2), 160-168. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2020.753046
[18] İzgördü, H., Sezer, C.V., & Ertorun, N. (2024). Exploring the Antiproliferative, Cytotoxic and Proapoptotic Properties of Virkon-S in Carp Epithelioma Papulosum Cells. Iranian Journal of Science, 48, 1125-1133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-024-01692-y
[19] Özbolat, S. N., & Ayna, A. (2021). Chrysin Suppresses HT-29 Cell Death Induced by Diclofenac through Apoptosis and Oxidative Damage. Nutrition and cancer, 73(8), 1419–1428. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2020.1801775
[20] Tomić, T., Domínguez-López, S., & Barrios-Rodríguez, R. (2019). Non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in prevention of colorectal cancer in people aged 40 or older: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer epidemiology, 58, 52–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2018.11.002
[21] Ozogul, B., Kisaoglu, A., Ozturk, G., Atamanalp, S. S., Yıldırgan, M. İ., & Aydinli, B. (2014). Management of Perforated Colon Cancers. European Journal of General Medicine, 11(3), 164-168. https://doi.org/10.15197/sabad.1.11.63
[22] Riboni, L., Campanella, R., Bassi, R., Villani, R., Gaini, S. M., Martinelli-Boneschi, F., Viani, P., & Tettamanti, G. (2002). Ceramide levels are inversely associated with malignant progression of human glial tumors. Glia, 39(2), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.10087
[23] Ogretmen, B., & Hannun, Y. A. (2004). Biologically active sphingolipids in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Nature reviews. Cancer, 4(8), 604–616. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1411
[24] Vejselova, D., Kutlu, H.M., Kus, G., Kabader, S., Uyar, R. (2014). Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of ceranib-2 offering potential for a new antineoplastic agent in the treatment of cancer cells. Turkish Journal of Biology, 38, 916-921. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1405-36
[25] Cengiz, M., Sezer, C. V., Gür, B., Bayrakdar, A., İzgördü, H., Alanyalı, F., Öziç, C., & Kutlu, H. M. (2024). The role of ceranib-2 and its nanoform on the decrease of telomerase levels in human non-small cell cancer. Molecular biology reports, 51(1), 889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09838-2

There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Cell Development, Proliferation and Death
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Hüseyin İzgördü 0000-0002-1377-2988 Oğuzhan Selvi This is me 0000-0003-1470-6242 Hatice Mehtap Kutlu 0000-0002-8816-1487
Early Pub Date	September 25, 2025
Publication Date	October 4, 2025
Submission Date	December 19, 2024
Acceptance Date	May 27, 2025
Published in Issue	Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA	İzgördü, H., Selvi, O., & Kutlu, H. M. (2025). Modulation of sphingolipid metabolism: Investigation of the apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of the ceramidase Inhibitor D-e-MAPP in HT29 colon cancer cells. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 18(3), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2025.1604413

Download Cover Image

Article Files

Full Text

❖ Indexes
{Additional Web of Science Indexes: Zoological Record] Clavariate Analytic, Medical Reads (RRS), CrossRef;10.46309/biodicon.

❖ Libraries
Aberystwyth University; All libraries; Bath University; Birmingham University; Cardiff University; City University London; CONSER (Not UK Holdings); Edinburgh University; Essex University; Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Library, Exeter University; EZB Electronic Journals Library; Feng Chia University Library; GAZİ Gazi University Library; Glasgow University; HEC-National Digital Library; Hull University; Imperial College London; Kaohsinug Medical University Library; ANKOS; Anadolu University Library; Lancaster University; Libros PDF; Liverpool University; London Metropolitan University; London School of Economics and Political Science; Manchester University; National Cheng Kung University Library; National ILAN University Library; Nottingham University; Open University; Oxford University; Queen Mary,University of London;Robert Gordon University; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sheffield Hallam University; Sheffield University; Shih Hsin University Library; Smithsonian Institution Libraries; Southampton University; Stirling University; Strathclyde University; Sussex University; The National Agricultural Library (NAL); The Ohio Library and Information NetWork; Trinity College Dublin; University of Washington Libraries; Vaughan Memorial Library; York University.

❖ Articles published in the journal “Biological Diversity and Conservation” are freely accessible. No article processing charge (APC) is charged.

❖ Additional Web of Science Indexes: Zoological Record, Clavariate Analytic
❖ This journal is a member of CrossRef;10.46309/biodicon.
❖ For published articles and full details about the journal, please visit http://www.biodicon.com; https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/yayin/biodicon.

❖  Correspondence Address:: Prof. Ersin YÜCEL, Sazova Mahallesi, Ziraat Caddesi, No.277 F Blok, 26005 Tepebaşı-Eskişehir/Türkiye
❖ E-mail: biodicon@gmail.com;
❖ Web Address: http://www.biodicon.com;  https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/biodicon
❖ Biological Diversity and Conservation
❖ ISSN 1308-5301 Print; ISSN 1308-8084 Online
❖ Publication Start Date 2008
❖ © Copyright by Biological Diversity and Conservation/Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Koruma;  Available online at www.biodicon.com. All rights reserved.
. ❖ Publisher: ERSİN YÜCEL (https://www.ersinyucel.com.tr)
❖ This Journal is published three times a year. It is printed in Eskişehir, Türkiye.
❖ The authors are solely responsible for the articles published in this Journal .
❖ Editör : Prof.Dr. Ersin YÜCEL, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8274-7578