Protective Effect of Vitamin B₁₂ on Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Biochemical Evaluation in a Whole Embryo Culture Model

Dilara Patat

Protective Effect of Vitamin B₁₂ on Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Biochemical Evaluation in a Whole Embryo Culture Model

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin B₁₂ on oxidative stress mechanisms under in vitro hypoxic conditions in rat embryos. Materials and Methods: Rat embryos obtained between gestational days 9.5 and 11.5 were divided into six groups using the Whole Embryo Culture (WEC) system: control (C), hypoxia (H), low-dose vitamin B₁₂ (LDvitB₁₂), hypoxia + low-dose B₁₂ (H+LDvitB₁₂), high-dose B₁₂ (HDvitB₁₂), and hypoxia + high-dose B₁₂ (H+HDvitB₁₂). Low and high doses were applied at 10 µM and 100 µM, respectively. Oxidative stress was assessed through the analysis of TBARS, SOD, CAT, GPx, TAC, TOS, OSI, and GSH/GSSG parameters. Results: In the hypoxia group, TBARS and TOS levels were significantly elevated, while SOD, CAT, GPx, and TAC activities were reduced (p<0.001). The GSH/GSSG ratio decreased, and OSI values increased. Vitamin B₁₂ treatment, particularly at the high dose (H+HDvitB₁₂), led to marked improvements in these parameters. Both embryo and yolk sac tissues showed decreased TBARS and TOS levels, increased TAC, reduced OSI values, and recovery of the GSH/GSSG ratio. Conclusion: Vitamin B₁₂ supplementation mitigated the biochemical imbalances caused by hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in embryo and yolk sac tissues, enhanced antioxidant defense, and supported redox homeostasis. These findings suggest that vitamin B₁₂ may serve as a protective agent against hypoxia-related oxidative damage during early embryonic development.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This research has not been supported by any institution.

Ethical Statement

The experimental protocol was reviewed and approved by the Erciyes Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (Approval No: 15/129). All procedures involving animals were performed in accordance with institutional guidelines and the European Directive 2010/63/EU for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Cell Development, Proliferation and Death, Cell Metabolism, Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Dilara Patat ^*
0000-0001-5237-4846
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 30, 2025

Submission Date

November 20, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 24, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA22HF62JC

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Patat, D. (2025). Protective Effect of Vitamin B₁₂ on Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Biochemical Evaluation in a Whole Embryo Culture Model. Erciyes BioGenome, 1, 1-9. https://izlik.org/JA22HF62JC

AMA

1.Patat D. Protective Effect of Vitamin B₁₂ on Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Biochemical Evaluation in a Whole Embryo Culture Model. Erciyes BioGenome. 2025;(1):1-9. https://izlik.org/JA22HF62JC

Chicago

Patat, Dilara. 2025. “Protective Effect of Vitamin B₁₂ on Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Biochemical Evaluation in a Whole Embryo Culture Model”. Erciyes BioGenome, no. 1: 1-9. https://izlik.org/JA22HF62JC.

EndNote

Patat D (December 1, 2025) Protective Effect of Vitamin B₁₂ on Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Biochemical Evaluation in a Whole Embryo Culture Model. Erciyes BioGenome 1 1–9.

IEEE

[1]D. Patat, “Protective Effect of Vitamin B₁₂ on Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Biochemical Evaluation in a Whole Embryo Culture Model”, Erciyes BioGenome, no. 1, pp. 1–9, Dec. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA22HF62JC

ISNAD

Patat, Dilara. “Protective Effect of Vitamin B₁₂ on Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Biochemical Evaluation in a Whole Embryo Culture Model”. Erciyes BioGenome. 1 (December 1, 2025): 1-9. https://izlik.org/JA22HF62JC.

JAMA

1.Patat D. Protective Effect of Vitamin B₁₂ on Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Biochemical Evaluation in a Whole Embryo Culture Model. Erciyes BioGenome. 2025;:1–9.

MLA

Patat, Dilara. “Protective Effect of Vitamin B₁₂ on Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Biochemical Evaluation in a Whole Embryo Culture Model”. Erciyes BioGenome, no. 1, Dec. 2025, pp. 1-9, https://izlik.org/JA22HF62JC.

Vancouver

1.Dilara Patat. Protective Effect of Vitamin B₁₂ on Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Biochemical Evaluation in a Whole Embryo Culture Model. Erciyes BioGenome [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 1;(1):1-9. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA22HF62JC