Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Some Paratanytarsus dissimilis (Diptera: Chironomidae) Populations in Turkey

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of Paratanytarsus dissimilis (Diptera: Chironomidae) sampled from some regions of Turkey using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. For this purpose, a total of 32 P. dissimilis larvae representing 7 populations in Turkey were collected, sequenced, and analysed. Fifteen haplotypes were identified in the study area, and it was observed that all of these haplotypes except one haplotype (H9) were unique to a population. Relatively high haplotype diversity (h=0.95161) and low nucleotide diversity (π=0.04624) were detected for the overall population. Maximum likelihood (ML) and haplotype network analyses suggested that these 7 populations could be divided into three groups as East, Hatay, and West. It was determined in analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) and pairwise FST comparisons that P. dissimilis in Turkey exhibited high genetic structuring at several levels (p<0.01). Further, as a result of the performed neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses, it was detected that both the three groups and the overall population were demographically stable, and no deviations from neutrality were observed for expansion or a bottleneck. In this study, the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of some P. dissimilis populations in Turkey were evaluated, and a contribution was made to the current knowledge on the life history and sustainability of the species. Nevertheless, further studies using more samples, sampling sites, and molecular markers are needed to better understand the population diversity and demographic history of P. dissimilis.

Keywords

• COI
• Gene Flow
• Genetic Diversity
• Haplotype
• Population Structure

Türkiye’deki Bazı Paratanytarsus dissimilis (Diptera: Chironomidae) Popülasyonlarının Genetik Çeşitliliğinin ve Popülasyon Yapısının Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, mitokondriyal sitokrom c oksidaz alt birim I (COI) geni kullanılarak Türkiye’nin bazı bölgelerinden toplanan Paratanytarsus dissimilis’in (Diptera: Chironomidae) genetik çeşitliliğini, popülasyon yapısını ve demografik geçmişini incelemek için tasarlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Türkiye’deki 7 popülasyonu temsil eden toplam 32 P. dissimilis larvası toplanmış, sekanslanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma alanında toplam 15 haplotip tespit edilmiş ve bu haplotiplerin biri (H9) hariç hepsinin tek popülasyona özgü olduğu gözlenmiştir. Toplam popülasyon için nispeten yüksek haplotip çeşitliliği (h=0,95161) ve düşük nükleotid çeşitliliği (π=0,04624) bulunmuştur. Maksimum likelihood (ML) ve haplotip ağı incelemeleri bu 7 popülasyonun Doğu, Hatay ve Batı olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılabileceğini göstermiştir. Moleküler varyans analizi (AMOVA) ve ikili FST karşılaştırmalarında, Türkiye’deki P. dissimilis’in farklı düzeylerde yüksek bir genetik yapılanma gösterdiği belirlenmiştir (p<0,01). Ayrıca, gerçekleştirilen nötralite testleri ve uyumsuzluk dağılımı analizleri sonucunda hem üç grubun hem de tüm popülasyonun demografik kararlılıkta olduğu tespit edilmiş ve bunlarda genişlemeye veya bir darboğaza yönelik nötraliteden herhangi bir sapma görülmemiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki bazı P. dissimilis popülasyonlarının genetik çeşitliliği, popülasyon yapısı ve demografik geçmişi değerlendirilerek, türün yaşam tarihi ve sürdürülebilirliği ile ilgili güncel bilgilere katkı sunulmuştur. Ancak P. dissimilis’in popülasyon çeşitliliğinin ve demografik geçmişinin daha detaylı bir şekilde anlaşılabilmesi için daha fazla örnek, örnekleme alanı ve moleküler belirteç kullanarak gerçekleştirilecek yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• COI
• Gen Akışı
• Genetik Çeşitlilik
• Haplotip
• Popülasyon Yapısı

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