Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Removal of detergents in car wash wastewater by sub-surface flow constructed wetland

Yıl 2022, , 820 - 827, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1108112

Öz

Suspended substances in car washes can often be easily removed by physicochemical processes. The main problem is to remove dissolved substances such as detergents from the water. In this study, a biodegradable substance Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) was removed from the car wash wastewater by the use of Phragmites australis in the subsurface constructed wetland. For this study, 4 plexiglass reactors having an effective volume of 10.8 L with the dimensions of 15cm×45cm×20 cm were used. The experiments were conducted with vegetation which was called SCW and without vegetation which was named control group (CG), as two groups. A serial connection of two reactors was performed for each group. Up to 90% detergent removal was observed with the vegetation in the SCW with a loading rate of 75 L/(m2.d) The effluents quality showed that the treated water can be reused carwash or irrigation for landscaping.

Teşekkür

The authors extend their sincere appreciation to the Shell /Turkey

Kaynakça

  • [1] Z. B. Gönder, G. Balcıoğlu, I. Vergili, and Y. Kaya, “An integrated electrocoagulation–nanofiltration process for carwash wastewater reuse,” Chemosphere, vol. 253, p. 126713, 2020.
  • [2] A. Lobo, Á. Cambiella, J. M. Benito, C. Pazos, and J. Coca, “Effect of a previous coagulation stage on the ultrafiltration of a metalworking emulsion using ceramic membranes,” Desalination, vol. 200, no. 1–3, pp. 330–332, 2006.
  • [3] M. E. Pérez-López, A. E. Arreola-Ortiz, and P. M. Zamora, “Evaluation of detergent removal in artificial wetlands (biofilters),” Ecol. Eng., vol. 122, pp. 135–142, 2018.
  • [4] S. Tasneem, A. Nabi, N. Hasan, M. A. Malik, and K. M. Khedher, “Thermodynamic insights into molecular interactions of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) with caffeine and theophylline in aqueous media at different temperatures,” J. Mol. Liq., vol. 305, p. 112776, 2020.
  • [5] H. K. Ozden and A. A. Selcuk, “Is there a role of toothpastes in the development of recurrent aphthous stomatitis? A prospective controlled clinical trial with skin patch testing,” Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol., vol. 131, no. 1, pp. 43–48, 2021.
  • [6] E. Brunelli, E. Talarico, B. Corapi, I. Perrotta, and S. Tripepi, “Effects of a sublethal concentration of sodium lauryl sulphate on the morphology and Na+/K+ ATPase activity in the gill of the ornate wrasse (Thalassoma pavo),” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 436–445, 2008.
  • [7] I. A. R. Boluarte et al., “Reuse of car wash wastewater by chemical coagulation and membrane bioreactor treatment processes,” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., vol. 113, pp. 44–48, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.01.017.
  • [8] B. S. Antharavally et al., “Efficient removal of detergents from proteins and peptides in a spin column format,” Anal. Biochem., vol. 416, no. 1, pp. 39–44, 2011.
  • [9] A. Zraunig et al., “Long term decentralized greywater treatment for water reuse purposes in a tourist facility by vertical ecosystem,” Ecol. Eng., vol. 138, pp. 138–147, 2019.
  • [10] S. Arden and X. Ma, “Constructed wetlands for greywater recycle and reuse: a review,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 630, pp. 587–599, 2018.
  • [11] X. Nan, S. Lavrnić, and A. Toscano, “Potential of constructed wetland treatment systems for agricultural wastewater reuse under the EU framework,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 275, p. 111219, 2020.
  • [12] N. Pandya et al., “SLES/CMEA mixed surfactant system: Effect of electrolyte on interfacial behavior and microstructures in aqueous media,” J. Mol. Liq., vol. 325, p. 115096, 2021.
  • [13] J. Vymazal, “The use of sub-surface constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic: 10 years experience,” Ecol. Eng., vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 633–646, 2002.
  • [14] Y. Q. Zhao, G. Sun, and S. J. Allen, “Anti-sized reed bed system for animal wastewater treatment: a comparative study,” Water Res., vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 2907–2917, 2004.
  • [15] J. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z. Xu, L. Doherty, and R. Liu, “Highway runoff treatment by hybrid adsorptive media-baffled subsurface flow constructed wetland,” Ecol. Eng., vol. 91, pp. 231–239, 2016.
  • [16] APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Washington DC, USA, 2005.
  • [17] W. J. Lau, a. F. Ismail, and S. Firdaus, “Car wash industry in Malaysia: Treatment of car wash effluent using ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes,” Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 104, no. August, pp. 26–31, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.11.012.
  • [18] L. Segui, O. Alfranca, and J. Garcia, “Techno-economical evaluation of water reuse for wetland restoration: a case study in a natural park in Catalonia, Northeastern Spain,” Desalination, vol. 246, no. 1–3, pp. 179–189, 2009.
  • [19] P. Otter et al., “Disinfection for decentralized wastewater reuse in rural areas through wetlands and solar driven onsite chlorination,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 721, p. 137595, 2020.
  • [20] Z. Sapci and E. B. Ustun, “Heavy metal uptakes by Myriophyllum verticillatum from two environmental matrices: the water and the sediment,” Int. J. Phytoremediation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 290–297, 2015.
  • [21] D. B. Barbosa et al., “Silver and phosphate nanoparticles: Antimicrobial approach and caries prevention application,” in Nanobiomaterials in Clinical Dentistry, Elsevier, 2019, pp. 225–242.
  • [22] A. Dhouib, N. Hamad, I. Hassaı̈ri, and S. Sayadi, “Degradation of anionic surfactants by Citrobacter braakii,” Process Biochem., vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1245–1250, 2003.
  • [23] O. O. Amengialue, I. N. Ibeh, A. P. Egharevba, M. N. O. Omoigberale, and O. Edobor, “Studies on the bacterial flora of synthetic-detergent effluent and their biodegradation potentials,” Glob. J. Biol. Agric. Heal. Serv., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 14–19, 2013.
  • [24] R. Margesin and F. Schinner, “Low-temperature bioremediation of a waste water contaminated with anionic surfactants and fuel oil,” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 482–486, 1998.
  • [25] H. Feitkenhauer and U. Meyer, “Anaerobic digestion of alcohol sulfate (anionic surfactant) rich wastewater–batch experiments. Part I: influence of the surfactant concentration,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 115–121, 2002.
  • [26] B. Tsyntsarski et al., “Removal of detergents from water by adsorption on activated carbons obtained from various precursors,” Desalin. Water Treat., vol. 52, no. 16–18, pp. 3445–3452, 2014.
  • [27] K. Skrzypiecbcef and M. H. Gajewskaad, “The use of constructed wetlands for the treatment of industrial wastewater,” J. Water L. Dev., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 233–240, 2017.
  • [28] Y. Wang, Z. Cai, S. Sheng, F. Pan, F. Chen, and J. Fu, “Comprehensive evaluation of substrate materials for contaminants removal in constructed wetlands,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 701, p. 134736, 2020.
  • [29] D. Orhon, Modeling of Activated Sludge Systems. Pennsylvania: CRC press, 1997.
  • [30] US EPA, “Guidelines for water reuse,” Washington DC, USA, 2012. doi: EPA/600/R-12/618.
Yıl 2022, , 820 - 827, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1108112

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Z. B. Gönder, G. Balcıoğlu, I. Vergili, and Y. Kaya, “An integrated electrocoagulation–nanofiltration process for carwash wastewater reuse,” Chemosphere, vol. 253, p. 126713, 2020.
  • [2] A. Lobo, Á. Cambiella, J. M. Benito, C. Pazos, and J. Coca, “Effect of a previous coagulation stage on the ultrafiltration of a metalworking emulsion using ceramic membranes,” Desalination, vol. 200, no. 1–3, pp. 330–332, 2006.
  • [3] M. E. Pérez-López, A. E. Arreola-Ortiz, and P. M. Zamora, “Evaluation of detergent removal in artificial wetlands (biofilters),” Ecol. Eng., vol. 122, pp. 135–142, 2018.
  • [4] S. Tasneem, A. Nabi, N. Hasan, M. A. Malik, and K. M. Khedher, “Thermodynamic insights into molecular interactions of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) with caffeine and theophylline in aqueous media at different temperatures,” J. Mol. Liq., vol. 305, p. 112776, 2020.
  • [5] H. K. Ozden and A. A. Selcuk, “Is there a role of toothpastes in the development of recurrent aphthous stomatitis? A prospective controlled clinical trial with skin patch testing,” Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol., vol. 131, no. 1, pp. 43–48, 2021.
  • [6] E. Brunelli, E. Talarico, B. Corapi, I. Perrotta, and S. Tripepi, “Effects of a sublethal concentration of sodium lauryl sulphate on the morphology and Na+/K+ ATPase activity in the gill of the ornate wrasse (Thalassoma pavo),” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 436–445, 2008.
  • [7] I. A. R. Boluarte et al., “Reuse of car wash wastewater by chemical coagulation and membrane bioreactor treatment processes,” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., vol. 113, pp. 44–48, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.01.017.
  • [8] B. S. Antharavally et al., “Efficient removal of detergents from proteins and peptides in a spin column format,” Anal. Biochem., vol. 416, no. 1, pp. 39–44, 2011.
  • [9] A. Zraunig et al., “Long term decentralized greywater treatment for water reuse purposes in a tourist facility by vertical ecosystem,” Ecol. Eng., vol. 138, pp. 138–147, 2019.
  • [10] S. Arden and X. Ma, “Constructed wetlands for greywater recycle and reuse: a review,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 630, pp. 587–599, 2018.
  • [11] X. Nan, S. Lavrnić, and A. Toscano, “Potential of constructed wetland treatment systems for agricultural wastewater reuse under the EU framework,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 275, p. 111219, 2020.
  • [12] N. Pandya et al., “SLES/CMEA mixed surfactant system: Effect of electrolyte on interfacial behavior and microstructures in aqueous media,” J. Mol. Liq., vol. 325, p. 115096, 2021.
  • [13] J. Vymazal, “The use of sub-surface constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic: 10 years experience,” Ecol. Eng., vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 633–646, 2002.
  • [14] Y. Q. Zhao, G. Sun, and S. J. Allen, “Anti-sized reed bed system for animal wastewater treatment: a comparative study,” Water Res., vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 2907–2917, 2004.
  • [15] J. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z. Xu, L. Doherty, and R. Liu, “Highway runoff treatment by hybrid adsorptive media-baffled subsurface flow constructed wetland,” Ecol. Eng., vol. 91, pp. 231–239, 2016.
  • [16] APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Washington DC, USA, 2005.
  • [17] W. J. Lau, a. F. Ismail, and S. Firdaus, “Car wash industry in Malaysia: Treatment of car wash effluent using ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes,” Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 104, no. August, pp. 26–31, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.11.012.
  • [18] L. Segui, O. Alfranca, and J. Garcia, “Techno-economical evaluation of water reuse for wetland restoration: a case study in a natural park in Catalonia, Northeastern Spain,” Desalination, vol. 246, no. 1–3, pp. 179–189, 2009.
  • [19] P. Otter et al., “Disinfection for decentralized wastewater reuse in rural areas through wetlands and solar driven onsite chlorination,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 721, p. 137595, 2020.
  • [20] Z. Sapci and E. B. Ustun, “Heavy metal uptakes by Myriophyllum verticillatum from two environmental matrices: the water and the sediment,” Int. J. Phytoremediation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 290–297, 2015.
  • [21] D. B. Barbosa et al., “Silver and phosphate nanoparticles: Antimicrobial approach and caries prevention application,” in Nanobiomaterials in Clinical Dentistry, Elsevier, 2019, pp. 225–242.
  • [22] A. Dhouib, N. Hamad, I. Hassaı̈ri, and S. Sayadi, “Degradation of anionic surfactants by Citrobacter braakii,” Process Biochem., vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1245–1250, 2003.
  • [23] O. O. Amengialue, I. N. Ibeh, A. P. Egharevba, M. N. O. Omoigberale, and O. Edobor, “Studies on the bacterial flora of synthetic-detergent effluent and their biodegradation potentials,” Glob. J. Biol. Agric. Heal. Serv., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 14–19, 2013.
  • [24] R. Margesin and F. Schinner, “Low-temperature bioremediation of a waste water contaminated with anionic surfactants and fuel oil,” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 482–486, 1998.
  • [25] H. Feitkenhauer and U. Meyer, “Anaerobic digestion of alcohol sulfate (anionic surfactant) rich wastewater–batch experiments. Part I: influence of the surfactant concentration,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 115–121, 2002.
  • [26] B. Tsyntsarski et al., “Removal of detergents from water by adsorption on activated carbons obtained from various precursors,” Desalin. Water Treat., vol. 52, no. 16–18, pp. 3445–3452, 2014.
  • [27] K. Skrzypiecbcef and M. H. Gajewskaad, “The use of constructed wetlands for the treatment of industrial wastewater,” J. Water L. Dev., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 233–240, 2017.
  • [28] Y. Wang, Z. Cai, S. Sheng, F. Pan, F. Chen, and J. Fu, “Comprehensive evaluation of substrate materials for contaminants removal in constructed wetlands,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 701, p. 134736, 2020.
  • [29] D. Orhon, Modeling of Activated Sludge Systems. Pennsylvania: CRC press, 1997.
  • [30] US EPA, “Guidelines for water reuse,” Washington DC, USA, 2012. doi: EPA/600/R-12/618.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Tuğba Nacar

Deniz Uçar 0000-0002-0536-6250

Zehra Sapci Ayas 0000-0002-7811-2235

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Nisan 2022
Kabul Tarihi 5 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

IEEE T. Nacar, D. Uçar, ve Z. Sapci Ayas, “Removal of detergents in car wash wastewater by sub-surface flow constructed wetland”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 3, ss. 820–827, 2022, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1108112.



Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi
Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Editörlüğü

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