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Ex vivo UV-C Protective Effect of Aloe vera

Yıl 2024, , 23 - 29, 24.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1309376

Öz

Chronic exposure to UV-C can cause sunburn, skin cancer, oxidative stress as well as photo-aging. Many herbs and plant extracts have recently been recognized as a potential source of sunscreen due to their UV-absorbing properties. Aloe vera L., which has been used for therapeutic purposes by humans for centuries, is also among these plants. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the sunscreen properties of the latex and gel parts of A. vera and the effect of these properties on cells exposed to UV rays. In this study, primarily, the lethal effect of UV-C rays on healthy cells was observed over time. Then, the latex and gel parts of the obtained A. vera plant were separated and spread on the surface of petri dishes as a single and double layer. By adding a determined number of cells of the petri dishes, the protection of A. vera against the lethal effect of 1, 1.5 and 2 hours of UV-C exposure was investigated. According to the study findings, it was determined that both parts of A. vera protect cells against UV-C damage. It is quite remarkable that while all the cells in the control group died as a result of UV-C exposure for 2 hours, vitality was still observed in the double layer latex and gel groups. From this point of view, it has been shown in this study that a protective product that can be made using A. vera can prevent the damages that may develop due to UV-C exposure.

Kaynakça

  • [1] G. P. Pfeifer and A. Besaratinia, “UV wavelength-dependent DNA damage and human non melanoma and melanoma skin cancer,” Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, Vol. 11, no.1, pp. 90–97, 2012.
  • [2] M. Meinhardt, R. Krebs, A. Anders, U. Heinrich, H. Tronnier, “Wavelength-dependent penetration depths of ultraviolet radiation in human skin,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 044030, 2008.
  • [3] D. Mohania, S. Chandel, P. Kumar, V. Verma, K., Digvijay, D. Tripathi, K. Choudhury, S. K. Mitten, D. Shah, “Ultraviolet radiations: Skin defense-damage mechanism,” Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Vol. 996, pp. 71-87, 2017.
  • [4] M. S. Latha, J. Martis, V. Shobha, R. Sham Shinde, S. Bangera, B. Krishnankutty, S. Bellary, S. Varughese, P. Rao, B. R. Naveen Kumar, “Sunscreening agents: a review,” The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, Vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 16–26, 2013.
  • [5] A. Takahashi, K. Takeda, T. Ohnishi, “Light-induced anthocyanin reduces the extent of damage to DNA in UV-irradiated Centaurea cyanus cells in culture,” Plant and Cell Physiology, Vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 541-547, 1991.
  • [6] J. Rozema, L. O. Björn, J. F. Bornman, A. Gaberščik, D. P. Häder, T. Trošt, B. B. Meijkamp, “The role of UV-B radiation in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems—an experimental and functional analysis of the evolution of UV-absorbing compounds”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, Vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 2-12, 2002.
  • [7] W. Hui-lian, L. Qian-rong, L. Zhao-feng, W. Yu-zhen, “The protective effect and mechanism of soybean oil and its extracts on DNA damage in human ECV304 cells exposed to UV-C,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gene Structure and Expression, Vol. 1626, no.1-3, pp. 19-24, 2003.
  • [8] A. Vega-Gálvez, M. Miranda, M. Aranda, K. Henriquez K, J. Vergara, G. Tabilo-Munizaga, M. Pérez-Won, “Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on functional properties and quality characteristics of Aloe vera gel (Aloe barbadensis Miller),” Food Chemistry, Vol. 129, no. 3, pp. 1060-1065, 2011.
  • [9] M. H. Radha, and N. P. Laxmipriya, “Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review,” Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 5, pp. 21-26, 2015.
  • [10] R. M. Shelton, “Aloe vera, Its chemical and therapeutic properties,” International Journal of Dermatology, Vol. 30, pp. 679-83, 1991.
  • [11] A. Yonehara, Y. Tanaka, K. Kulkeaw, T. Era, Y. Nakanishi, D. Sugiyama, “Aloe vera Extract Suppresses Proliferation of Neuroblastoma Cells in vitro,” Anticancer Research, Vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 4479-85, 2015.
  • [12] A. Tornero-Martínez, M. Del Carmen Silva-Lucero, E. C. Sampedro, E. Ramón-Gallegos, C. Pérez-Cruz, B. Pérez-Grijalva, R. Mora-Escobedo, “Aloe vera and Fermented Extracts Exhibit an Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Human Glioblastoma/Astrocytoma U373 MG Cells,” Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, Vol 77, no. 1, pp. 37-43, 2022.
  • [13] F. Capasso, F. Borelli, D. Di Carlo, A. A. Izzo, L. Pinto, N. Mascolo, S. Castaldo, R. Longo, “Aloe and its therapeutic use,” Phytotherapy Research, Vol. 12, pp. 124–127, 1998.
  • [14] S. Rajasekaran, K. Sivagnanam, S. Subramanian, “Antioxidant effect of Aloe vera gel extract in Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats,” Pharmacological Reports, Vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 90-96, 2005.
  • [15] F. M. Strickland, R. P. Pelley, M. L. Kripke, “Prevention of ultraviolet radiation-induced suppression of contact and delayed hypersensitivity by Aloe barbadensis gel extract,” The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Vol. 102, no. 2, pp.197–204, 1994.
  • [16] A. Can, N. Akev, N. Ozsoy, S. Bolkent, B. P. Arda, R. Yanardag, A. Okyar, “Effect of Aloe vera leaf gel and pulp extracts on the liver in type-II diabetic rat models,” Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 694–698, 2004.
  • [17] M. F. Esua, J. W. Rauwald, “Novel bioactive maloyl glucans from Aloe vera gel: isolation, structure elucidation and in vitro bioassays,” Carbohydrate Research, Vol. 341, pp. 355–364, 2006.
  • [18] J. P. Heggers, R. P. Pelley, D. P. Hill, C. J. Stabenau, W. D. Winters, “Wound healing with aloe substances,” Academic/Industry Joint Conference, Vol. 41, 1992.
  • [19] O. O. Agarry, M. T. Olaleye, C. O. Bello-Michael, “Comparative antimicrobial activities of Aloe vera gel and leaf,” African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 1413-1414, 2005.
  • [20] D. Vidic, E. Tarić, J. Alagić, M. Maksimović, “Determination of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts from Aloe Spp,” Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vol. 42, pp. 5-10, 2014.
  • [21] N. Mascolo, A. Izzo, F. Borrelli, R. Capasso, G. Di Carlo, L. Sautebin, “Aloes: The Genus Aloe,” United States of America, Florida, Vol. 391, 2004.
  • [22] A. Ö. Ağırgan, “Aloe vera effects of gel incorporation on mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposite produced from biopolymer blends,” PhD Thesis, Marmara University, Turkey, 2013.
  • [23] A. Van Laethem, K. Nys, S. Van Kelst, S. Claerhout, H. Ichijo, J. R. Vanderheede, M. Garmyn, P. Agostiniset, “Apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 connects reactive oxygen species to p38 MAPK-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Vol. 41, pp. 1361-71, 2006.
  • [24] H. R. Rezvani, F. Mazurier, M. Cario-André, C. Pain, C. Ged, A. Taïeb, A, H. de Verneuil, “Protective effects of catalase overexpression on UVB-induced apoptosis in normal human keratinocytes,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 281, no. 26, pp. 7999-8007, 2006.
  • [25] V. Kostyuk, A. Potapovich, T. Suhan, C. De Luca, G. Pressi, R. Dal Toso, L. Korkina, “Plant polyphenols against UV-C-induced cellular death,” Planta Medica, Vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 509-14, 2008.
  • [26] R. Gomez-Vasquez, R. Day, H. Buschmann, S. Randles, J. R. Beeching, R. M. Cooper, “Phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidases in elicitor-challenged Cassava (Manihot esculenta) suspension cells and leaves,” Annals of Botany, Vol. 94, pp. 87-97, 2004.
  • [27] R. A. Dixon, N. L. Paiva, “Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism,” Plant Cell, Vol. 7, pp. 1085-97, 1995.
  • [28] World Health Organization, “Aloe vera gel,” WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Malta, Vol. 1, pp. 43-49, 1999.
  • [29] H. Tariq, M. Zia, U. H. Ihsan, S. A. Muhammad, S. A. Khan, N. Fatima, A. Mannan, A. M. Abbasi, M. Zhang, “Antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and protein kinase inhibition potential in Aloe vera L.,” BioMed Research International, Vol. 28, pp. 6478187, 2019.
  • [30] M. S. Kumar, P. K. Datta, S. Dutta-Gupta, “In vitro evaluation of UV opacity potential of Aloe vera L. gel from different germplasms,” Journal of Natural Medicines, Vol. 63, no. 2 pp. 195-199, 2008.
  • [31] E. Misawa, M. Tanaka, M. Saito, K. Nabeshima, R. Yao, K. Yamauchi, F. Abe, Y. Yamamoto, F. Furukawa, “Protective effects of Aloe sterols against UVB-induced photoaging in hairless mice,” Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, Vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 101-11, 2017.
  • [32] K. Subramani, R. Saha, S. Palanisamy, K. S. Balu, S. Rangaraj, V. Murugan, S. Srinivasan, R. Venkatachalam, W. K. Aicher, “Wet chemical preparation of herbal nanocomposites from medicinal plant leaves for enhanced coating on textile fabrics with multifunctional properties,” SN Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, pp. 700, 2020.
  • [33] M. Saito, M. Tanaka, E. Misawa, R. Yao, K. Nabeshima, K. Yamauchi, F. Abe, Y. Yamamoto, F. Furukawa, “Oral administration of Aloe vera gel powder prevents UVB-induced decrease in skin elasticity via suppression of overexpression of MMPs in hairless mice,” Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Vol. 80, no. 7, pp. 1416-1424, 2016.
  • [34] R. Yao, M. Tanaka, E. Misawa, M. Saito, K. Nabeshima, K. Yamauchi, F. Abe, Y. Yamamoto, F. Furukawa, “Daily ingestion of Aloe vera gel powder containing Aloe sterols prevents skin photoaging in OVX hairless mice,” Journal of Food Science, Vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 2849-2857, 2016.
  • [35] J. E. Thompson, “Topical use of Aloe vera derived allantoin gel in otolaryngology,” Ear, Nose and Throat Journal, Vol. 70, pp. 119, 1991.
  • [36] N. Pugh, S. A. Ross, M. A. Elsohly, D. S. Pasco, “Characterization of aloeride, a new high molecular weight polysaccharide from Aloe vera with potent immunostimulatory activity,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 49, pp. 1030-1034, 2001.
  • [37] D. Lalitha-Devi, B. Srinivas, B. Narasinga Rao, “An evaluation antimicrobial activity of Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) gel extract,” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Vol. 21, pp. 1-4, 2012.
  • [38] R. Rajeswari, M. Umadevi, C. Sharmila Rahale, R. Pushpa, S. Selvavenkadesh, K. P. Sampath Kumar, D. Bhowmik, “Aloe vera: the miracle plant its medicinal and traditional uses in India,” Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Vol. 1, pp. 118-124, 2012.
Yıl 2024, , 23 - 29, 24.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1309376

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] G. P. Pfeifer and A. Besaratinia, “UV wavelength-dependent DNA damage and human non melanoma and melanoma skin cancer,” Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, Vol. 11, no.1, pp. 90–97, 2012.
  • [2] M. Meinhardt, R. Krebs, A. Anders, U. Heinrich, H. Tronnier, “Wavelength-dependent penetration depths of ultraviolet radiation in human skin,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 044030, 2008.
  • [3] D. Mohania, S. Chandel, P. Kumar, V. Verma, K., Digvijay, D. Tripathi, K. Choudhury, S. K. Mitten, D. Shah, “Ultraviolet radiations: Skin defense-damage mechanism,” Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Vol. 996, pp. 71-87, 2017.
  • [4] M. S. Latha, J. Martis, V. Shobha, R. Sham Shinde, S. Bangera, B. Krishnankutty, S. Bellary, S. Varughese, P. Rao, B. R. Naveen Kumar, “Sunscreening agents: a review,” The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, Vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 16–26, 2013.
  • [5] A. Takahashi, K. Takeda, T. Ohnishi, “Light-induced anthocyanin reduces the extent of damage to DNA in UV-irradiated Centaurea cyanus cells in culture,” Plant and Cell Physiology, Vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 541-547, 1991.
  • [6] J. Rozema, L. O. Björn, J. F. Bornman, A. Gaberščik, D. P. Häder, T. Trošt, B. B. Meijkamp, “The role of UV-B radiation in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems—an experimental and functional analysis of the evolution of UV-absorbing compounds”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, Vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 2-12, 2002.
  • [7] W. Hui-lian, L. Qian-rong, L. Zhao-feng, W. Yu-zhen, “The protective effect and mechanism of soybean oil and its extracts on DNA damage in human ECV304 cells exposed to UV-C,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gene Structure and Expression, Vol. 1626, no.1-3, pp. 19-24, 2003.
  • [8] A. Vega-Gálvez, M. Miranda, M. Aranda, K. Henriquez K, J. Vergara, G. Tabilo-Munizaga, M. Pérez-Won, “Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on functional properties and quality characteristics of Aloe vera gel (Aloe barbadensis Miller),” Food Chemistry, Vol. 129, no. 3, pp. 1060-1065, 2011.
  • [9] M. H. Radha, and N. P. Laxmipriya, “Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review,” Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 5, pp. 21-26, 2015.
  • [10] R. M. Shelton, “Aloe vera, Its chemical and therapeutic properties,” International Journal of Dermatology, Vol. 30, pp. 679-83, 1991.
  • [11] A. Yonehara, Y. Tanaka, K. Kulkeaw, T. Era, Y. Nakanishi, D. Sugiyama, “Aloe vera Extract Suppresses Proliferation of Neuroblastoma Cells in vitro,” Anticancer Research, Vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 4479-85, 2015.
  • [12] A. Tornero-Martínez, M. Del Carmen Silva-Lucero, E. C. Sampedro, E. Ramón-Gallegos, C. Pérez-Cruz, B. Pérez-Grijalva, R. Mora-Escobedo, “Aloe vera and Fermented Extracts Exhibit an Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Human Glioblastoma/Astrocytoma U373 MG Cells,” Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, Vol 77, no. 1, pp. 37-43, 2022.
  • [13] F. Capasso, F. Borelli, D. Di Carlo, A. A. Izzo, L. Pinto, N. Mascolo, S. Castaldo, R. Longo, “Aloe and its therapeutic use,” Phytotherapy Research, Vol. 12, pp. 124–127, 1998.
  • [14] S. Rajasekaran, K. Sivagnanam, S. Subramanian, “Antioxidant effect of Aloe vera gel extract in Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats,” Pharmacological Reports, Vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 90-96, 2005.
  • [15] F. M. Strickland, R. P. Pelley, M. L. Kripke, “Prevention of ultraviolet radiation-induced suppression of contact and delayed hypersensitivity by Aloe barbadensis gel extract,” The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Vol. 102, no. 2, pp.197–204, 1994.
  • [16] A. Can, N. Akev, N. Ozsoy, S. Bolkent, B. P. Arda, R. Yanardag, A. Okyar, “Effect of Aloe vera leaf gel and pulp extracts on the liver in type-II diabetic rat models,” Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 694–698, 2004.
  • [17] M. F. Esua, J. W. Rauwald, “Novel bioactive maloyl glucans from Aloe vera gel: isolation, structure elucidation and in vitro bioassays,” Carbohydrate Research, Vol. 341, pp. 355–364, 2006.
  • [18] J. P. Heggers, R. P. Pelley, D. P. Hill, C. J. Stabenau, W. D. Winters, “Wound healing with aloe substances,” Academic/Industry Joint Conference, Vol. 41, 1992.
  • [19] O. O. Agarry, M. T. Olaleye, C. O. Bello-Michael, “Comparative antimicrobial activities of Aloe vera gel and leaf,” African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 1413-1414, 2005.
  • [20] D. Vidic, E. Tarić, J. Alagić, M. Maksimović, “Determination of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts from Aloe Spp,” Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vol. 42, pp. 5-10, 2014.
  • [21] N. Mascolo, A. Izzo, F. Borrelli, R. Capasso, G. Di Carlo, L. Sautebin, “Aloes: The Genus Aloe,” United States of America, Florida, Vol. 391, 2004.
  • [22] A. Ö. Ağırgan, “Aloe vera effects of gel incorporation on mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposite produced from biopolymer blends,” PhD Thesis, Marmara University, Turkey, 2013.
  • [23] A. Van Laethem, K. Nys, S. Van Kelst, S. Claerhout, H. Ichijo, J. R. Vanderheede, M. Garmyn, P. Agostiniset, “Apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 connects reactive oxygen species to p38 MAPK-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Vol. 41, pp. 1361-71, 2006.
  • [24] H. R. Rezvani, F. Mazurier, M. Cario-André, C. Pain, C. Ged, A. Taïeb, A, H. de Verneuil, “Protective effects of catalase overexpression on UVB-induced apoptosis in normal human keratinocytes,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 281, no. 26, pp. 7999-8007, 2006.
  • [25] V. Kostyuk, A. Potapovich, T. Suhan, C. De Luca, G. Pressi, R. Dal Toso, L. Korkina, “Plant polyphenols against UV-C-induced cellular death,” Planta Medica, Vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 509-14, 2008.
  • [26] R. Gomez-Vasquez, R. Day, H. Buschmann, S. Randles, J. R. Beeching, R. M. Cooper, “Phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidases in elicitor-challenged Cassava (Manihot esculenta) suspension cells and leaves,” Annals of Botany, Vol. 94, pp. 87-97, 2004.
  • [27] R. A. Dixon, N. L. Paiva, “Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism,” Plant Cell, Vol. 7, pp. 1085-97, 1995.
  • [28] World Health Organization, “Aloe vera gel,” WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Malta, Vol. 1, pp. 43-49, 1999.
  • [29] H. Tariq, M. Zia, U. H. Ihsan, S. A. Muhammad, S. A. Khan, N. Fatima, A. Mannan, A. M. Abbasi, M. Zhang, “Antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and protein kinase inhibition potential in Aloe vera L.,” BioMed Research International, Vol. 28, pp. 6478187, 2019.
  • [30] M. S. Kumar, P. K. Datta, S. Dutta-Gupta, “In vitro evaluation of UV opacity potential of Aloe vera L. gel from different germplasms,” Journal of Natural Medicines, Vol. 63, no. 2 pp. 195-199, 2008.
  • [31] E. Misawa, M. Tanaka, M. Saito, K. Nabeshima, R. Yao, K. Yamauchi, F. Abe, Y. Yamamoto, F. Furukawa, “Protective effects of Aloe sterols against UVB-induced photoaging in hairless mice,” Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, Vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 101-11, 2017.
  • [32] K. Subramani, R. Saha, S. Palanisamy, K. S. Balu, S. Rangaraj, V. Murugan, S. Srinivasan, R. Venkatachalam, W. K. Aicher, “Wet chemical preparation of herbal nanocomposites from medicinal plant leaves for enhanced coating on textile fabrics with multifunctional properties,” SN Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, pp. 700, 2020.
  • [33] M. Saito, M. Tanaka, E. Misawa, R. Yao, K. Nabeshima, K. Yamauchi, F. Abe, Y. Yamamoto, F. Furukawa, “Oral administration of Aloe vera gel powder prevents UVB-induced decrease in skin elasticity via suppression of overexpression of MMPs in hairless mice,” Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Vol. 80, no. 7, pp. 1416-1424, 2016.
  • [34] R. Yao, M. Tanaka, E. Misawa, M. Saito, K. Nabeshima, K. Yamauchi, F. Abe, Y. Yamamoto, F. Furukawa, “Daily ingestion of Aloe vera gel powder containing Aloe sterols prevents skin photoaging in OVX hairless mice,” Journal of Food Science, Vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 2849-2857, 2016.
  • [35] J. E. Thompson, “Topical use of Aloe vera derived allantoin gel in otolaryngology,” Ear, Nose and Throat Journal, Vol. 70, pp. 119, 1991.
  • [36] N. Pugh, S. A. Ross, M. A. Elsohly, D. S. Pasco, “Characterization of aloeride, a new high molecular weight polysaccharide from Aloe vera with potent immunostimulatory activity,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 49, pp. 1030-1034, 2001.
  • [37] D. Lalitha-Devi, B. Srinivas, B. Narasinga Rao, “An evaluation antimicrobial activity of Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) gel extract,” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Vol. 21, pp. 1-4, 2012.
  • [38] R. Rajeswari, M. Umadevi, C. Sharmila Rahale, R. Pushpa, S. Selvavenkadesh, K. P. Sampath Kumar, D. Bhowmik, “Aloe vera: the miracle plant its medicinal and traditional uses in India,” Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Vol. 1, pp. 118-124, 2012.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bitki Hücresi ve Moleküler Biyoloji, Bitki Bilimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Isik Didem Karagoz 0000-0001-6527-2750

Basak Simitcioglu 0000-0002-2678-569X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 21 Mart 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 11 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

IEEE I. D. Karagoz ve B. Simitcioglu, “Ex vivo UV-C Protective Effect of Aloe vera”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 13, sy. 1, ss. 23–29, 2024, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1309376.



Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi
Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Editörlüğü

Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü        
Beş Minare Mah. Ahmet Eren Bulvarı, Merkez Kampüs, 13000 BİTLİS        
E-posta: fbe@beu.edu.tr