Yıl 2024,
, 92 - 100, 24.03.2024
Selin Özden
Serpil Aközcan
Kaynakça
- [1] O. El Samad, R. Baydoun, B. Nsouli, and T. Darwish, “Determination of natural and artificial radioactivity in soil at North Lebanon province,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 125, pp. 36–39, 2013.
- [2] O. Belyaeva, N. Movsisyan, K. Pyuskyulyan, L. Sahakyan, G. Tepanosyan, and A. Saghatelyan, “Yerevan soil radioactivity: Radiological and geochemical assessment,” Chemosphere, vol. 265, no. 129173, p. 129173, 2021.
- [3] T. E. Attia, E. H. Shendi, and M. A. Shehata, “Assessment of natural and artificial radioactivity levels and radiation hazards and their relation to heavy metals in the industrial area of Port Said city, Egypt,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 3082–3097, 2015.
- [4] B. Kücükömeroglu et al., “Radioactivity in sediments and gross alpha–beta activities in surface water of Fırtına River, Turkey,” Environ. Geol., vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 1483–1491, 2008.
- [5] P. İsel, L. Sahin, N. Hafızoğlu, E. Ganioğlu, and A. Mülayim, “Natural and artificial radioactive pollution in sediment and soil samples of the Bosphorus, Istanbul,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., vol. 30, no. 27, pp. 70937–70949, 2023.
- [6] M. Fallah, S. Jahangiri, H. Janadeleh, and M. A. Kameli, “Distribution and risk assessment of radionuclides in river sediments along the Arvand River, Iran,” Microchem. J., vol. 146, pp. 1090–1094, 2019.
- [7] W. M. Abdellah, H. M. Diab, S. U. El-Kameesy, E. Salama, and S. El-Framawy, “Natural radioactivity levels and associated health hazards from the terrestrial ecosystem in Rosetta branch of the River Nile, Egypt,” Isotopes Environ. Health Stud., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 427–439, 2017.
- [8] C. tokatlı, “Assessment of water quality in the meriç river as an ecosystem element in turkey’s Thrace region,” Pol. J. Environ. Stud., vol. 24, pp. 2205–2211, 2015.
- [9] C. Tokatlı, “Water and sediment quality assessment of the lifeblood of Thrace Region (Turkey): Meriç River basin,” Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 4131–4140, 2019.
- [10] C. Tokatlı and M. Varol, “Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown period on surface water quality in the Meriç-Ergene River Basin, Northwest Turkey,” Environ. Res., vol. 197, no. 111051, p. 111051, 2021.
- [11] C. Tokatli and F. Ustaoğlu, “Health risk assessment of toxicants in Meriç River Delta Wetland, Thrace Region, Turkey,” Environ. Earth Sci., vol. 79, no. 18, 2020.
- [12] S. Özden and S. Aközcan, “Natural radioactivity measurements and evaluation of radiological hazards in sediment of Aliağa Bay, İzmir (Turkey),” Arab. J. Geosci., vol. 14, no. 1, 2021.
- [13] S. Özden, S. Aközcan, and O. Günay, “137cs in soils from İstanbul (turkey) sampled 35 years after Chernobyl,” Environ. Forensics, pp. 1–7, 2023.
- [14] S. Özden, “Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and radiological hazard parameters of soils collected from Bulgaria–Turkey border region,” Eur. Phys. J. Plus, vol. 137, no. 12, 2022.
- [15] UNSCEAR, “Sources and biological effects of ionizing radiation,” Report to general assembly, with scientific annexes, United Nations, New York, 2000.
- [16] J. Beretka and P. J. Matthew, “Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes and by-products,” Health Phys., vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 87–95, 1985.
- [17] S. Aközcan, “Distribution of natural radionuclide concentrations in sediment samples in Didim and Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea-Turkey),” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 112, pp. 60–63, 2012.
- [18] S. Aközcan, “Annual effective dose of naturally occurring radionuclides in soil and sediment,” Toxicol. Environ. Chem., vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 379–386, 2014.
- [19] E. Tabar, H. Yakut, M. M. Saç, C. Taşköprü, M. İçhedef, and A. Kuş, “Natural radioactivity levels and related risk assessment in soil samples from Sakarya, Turkey,” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., vol. 313, no. 1, pp. 249–259, 2017.
- [20] S. Aközcan, M. Yılmaz, and F. Külahcı, “Dose rates and seasonal variations of 238 U, 232 Th, 226 Ra 40 K and 137 Cs radionuclides in soils along Thrace, Turkey,” Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, vol. 299, pp. 95–101, 2014.
- [21] F. Noli, P. Tsamos, and S. Stoulos, “Spatial and seasonal variation of radionuclides in soils and waters near a coal-fired power plant of Northern Greece: environmental dose assessment,” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., vol. 311, no. 1, pp. 331–338, 2017.
- [22] V. N. Golosov et al., “Erosion as a factor of transformation of soil radioactive contamination in the basin of the Shchekino Reservoir (Tula region)”, Eurasian Soil Science, vol. 54, pp. 291–303, 2021.
- [23] F. C. A. Ribeiro, J. I. R. Silva, E. S. A. Lima, N. M. B. Sobrinho, D. V. Perez, and D. C. Lauria, “Natural radioactivity in soils of the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil): Radiological characterization and relationships to geological formation, soil types and soil properties”, Journal of environmental radioactivity, vol. 182, pp. 34–43, 2018.
- [24] A. H. Alomari, M. A. Saleh, S. Hashim, A. Alsayaheen, and A. Abukashabeh, “Statistical relationship between activity concentrations of radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs and geological formations in surface soil of Jordan,” Isotopes Environ. Health Stud., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 211–226, 2019.
- [25] E. Mingareeva et al., “Content of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs) in soils of the North-West region of Russia formed on three types of soil forming rocks,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 175, p. 09018, 2020.
- [26] Matiullah, “Measurement of radioactivity in the soil of Bahawalpur division, Pakistan,” Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry, vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 443–447, 2004.
- [27] V. R. K. Murty and N. Karunakara, “Natural radioactivity in the soil samples of Botswana,” Radiat. Meas., vol. 43, no. 9–10, pp. 1541–1545, 2008.
- [28] J. Yang and Y. Sun, “Natural radioactivity and dose assessment in surface soil from Guangdong, a high background radiation province in China,” J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 145–151, 2022.
- [29] M. Zubair and Shafiqullah, “Measurement of natural radioactivity in several sandy-loamy soil samples from Sijua, Dhanbad, India,” Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 3, p. e03430, 2020.
- [30] A. Abbasi, A. Kurnaz, Ş. Turhan, and F. Mirekhtiary, “Radiation hazards and natural radioactivity levels in surface soil samples from dwelling areas of North Cyprus,” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., vol. 324, no. 1, pp. 203–210, 2020.
- [31] S. Dizman, F. K. Görür, R. Keser, and O. Görür, “The assessment of radioactivity and radiological hazards in soils of Bolu province, Turkey,” Environ. Forensics, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 211–218, 2019.
- [32] T. Özdemir Öge, F. B. Özdemir, and M. Öge, “Assessment of environmental radioactivity in soil samples from Bartın Province, Turkey,” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., vol. 328, no. 1, pp. 149–162, 2021.
- [33] N. Bingöldağ and P. Otansev, “Spatial distribution of natural and artificial radioactivity concentrations in soil samples and statistical approach, Nevşehir, Turkey,” Radiochim. Acta, vol. 108, no. 11, pp. 913–921, 2020.
- [34] A. A. Abojassim and L. H. Rasheed, “Natural radioactivity of soil in the Baghdad governorate,” Environ. Earth Sci., vol. 80, no. 1, 2021.
- [35] A. Abbasi and F. Mirekhtiary, “Heavy metals and natural radioactivity concentration in sediments of the Mediterranean Sea coast,” Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 154, no. 111041, p. 111041, 2020.
- [36] H. M. H. Zakaly et al., “An extended assessment of natural radioactivity in the sediments of the mid-region of the Egyptian Red Sea coast,” Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 171, no. 112658, p. 112658, 2021.
- [37] S. Khudair, A. Ali, and N. Tawfiq, “Assessment of natural and industrial radioactivity and radiological hazard in sediments of Tigris river of dhuluiya city, Iraq,” Rafidain Journal of Science, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 14–22, 2020.
- [38] M. Radomirović et al., “Spatial distribution, radiological risk assessment and positive matrix factorization of gamma-emitting radionuclides in the sediment of the Boka Kotorska Bay,” Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 169, no. 112491, p. 112491, 2021.
- [39] E. Yakovlev and A. Puchkov, “Assessment of current natural and anthropogenic radionuclide activity concentrations in the bottom sediments from the Barents Sea,” Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 160, no. 111571, p. 111571, 2020.
- [40] O. Maxwell et al., “Spatial distribution of gamma radiation dose rates from natural radionuclides and its radiological hazards in sediments along river Iju, Ogun state Nigeria,” MethodsX, vol. 7, no. 101086, p. 101086, 2020.
- [41] F. Caridi et al., “Assessment of natural radioactivity and radiological risks in river sediments from Calabria (southern Italy),” Appl. Sci. (Basel), vol. 11, no. 4, p. 1729, 2021.
- [42] S. Dizman, T. Akdemir, C. M. Yeşilkanat, V. Nevruzoglu, E. Bal, and R. Keser, “Investigation and mapping of natural and artificial radioactivity in sediment samples from Borçka Black Lake, Artvin-Turkey,” Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., pp. 1–15, 2022.
- [43] H. A. Ergül, M. Belivermiş, Ö. Kılıç, S. Topcuoğlu, and Y. Çotuk, “Natural and artificial radionuclide activity concentrations in surface sediments of Izmit Bay, Turkey,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 126, pp. 125–132, 2013.
- [44] S. Aközcan et al., “Comparison of radioactivity and metal pollution concentrations in marine sediment samples obtained from the Aegean sea (turkey) and the Calabria region (Italy),” WSEAS Trans. Environ. Dev., vol. 19, pp. 591–596, 2023.
- [45] S. Aytas et al., “Natural radioactivity of riverbank sediments of the Maritza and Tundja Rivers in Turkey”, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, vol. 47, no. 13, pp. 2163–2172, 2012.
Seasonal Variations of Radioactivity Concentrations in Soil and Sediment of Meriç River, Turkey
Yıl 2024,
, 92 - 100, 24.03.2024
Selin Özden
Serpil Aközcan
Öz
In this study, natural and artificial radioactivity levels were determined for spring, summer, autumn and winter in soil and sediment samples collected from different sites in the Meriç River using a HPGe detector. The mean radioactivity levels in this study were compared with other activity concentrations in various region’s soils and sediments and also with the world mean values. The mean activity concentrations of 40K were found to be higher than the world mean value in both soil and sediment samples. In addition, 137Cs radionuclide emitted into the atmosphere by the Chernobyl explosion is still present in both soil and sediment. In order to estimate the potential health risk in samples, radiological hazard parameters were calculated for samples and compared with the recommended values.
Kaynakça
- [1] O. El Samad, R. Baydoun, B. Nsouli, and T. Darwish, “Determination of natural and artificial radioactivity in soil at North Lebanon province,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 125, pp. 36–39, 2013.
- [2] O. Belyaeva, N. Movsisyan, K. Pyuskyulyan, L. Sahakyan, G. Tepanosyan, and A. Saghatelyan, “Yerevan soil radioactivity: Radiological and geochemical assessment,” Chemosphere, vol. 265, no. 129173, p. 129173, 2021.
- [3] T. E. Attia, E. H. Shendi, and M. A. Shehata, “Assessment of natural and artificial radioactivity levels and radiation hazards and their relation to heavy metals in the industrial area of Port Said city, Egypt,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 3082–3097, 2015.
- [4] B. Kücükömeroglu et al., “Radioactivity in sediments and gross alpha–beta activities in surface water of Fırtına River, Turkey,” Environ. Geol., vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 1483–1491, 2008.
- [5] P. İsel, L. Sahin, N. Hafızoğlu, E. Ganioğlu, and A. Mülayim, “Natural and artificial radioactive pollution in sediment and soil samples of the Bosphorus, Istanbul,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., vol. 30, no. 27, pp. 70937–70949, 2023.
- [6] M. Fallah, S. Jahangiri, H. Janadeleh, and M. A. Kameli, “Distribution and risk assessment of radionuclides in river sediments along the Arvand River, Iran,” Microchem. J., vol. 146, pp. 1090–1094, 2019.
- [7] W. M. Abdellah, H. M. Diab, S. U. El-Kameesy, E. Salama, and S. El-Framawy, “Natural radioactivity levels and associated health hazards from the terrestrial ecosystem in Rosetta branch of the River Nile, Egypt,” Isotopes Environ. Health Stud., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 427–439, 2017.
- [8] C. tokatlı, “Assessment of water quality in the meriç river as an ecosystem element in turkey’s Thrace region,” Pol. J. Environ. Stud., vol. 24, pp. 2205–2211, 2015.
- [9] C. Tokatlı, “Water and sediment quality assessment of the lifeblood of Thrace Region (Turkey): Meriç River basin,” Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 4131–4140, 2019.
- [10] C. Tokatlı and M. Varol, “Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown period on surface water quality in the Meriç-Ergene River Basin, Northwest Turkey,” Environ. Res., vol. 197, no. 111051, p. 111051, 2021.
- [11] C. Tokatli and F. Ustaoğlu, “Health risk assessment of toxicants in Meriç River Delta Wetland, Thrace Region, Turkey,” Environ. Earth Sci., vol. 79, no. 18, 2020.
- [12] S. Özden and S. Aközcan, “Natural radioactivity measurements and evaluation of radiological hazards in sediment of Aliağa Bay, İzmir (Turkey),” Arab. J. Geosci., vol. 14, no. 1, 2021.
- [13] S. Özden, S. Aközcan, and O. Günay, “137cs in soils from İstanbul (turkey) sampled 35 years after Chernobyl,” Environ. Forensics, pp. 1–7, 2023.
- [14] S. Özden, “Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and radiological hazard parameters of soils collected from Bulgaria–Turkey border region,” Eur. Phys. J. Plus, vol. 137, no. 12, 2022.
- [15] UNSCEAR, “Sources and biological effects of ionizing radiation,” Report to general assembly, with scientific annexes, United Nations, New York, 2000.
- [16] J. Beretka and P. J. Matthew, “Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes and by-products,” Health Phys., vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 87–95, 1985.
- [17] S. Aközcan, “Distribution of natural radionuclide concentrations in sediment samples in Didim and Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea-Turkey),” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 112, pp. 60–63, 2012.
- [18] S. Aközcan, “Annual effective dose of naturally occurring radionuclides in soil and sediment,” Toxicol. Environ. Chem., vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 379–386, 2014.
- [19] E. Tabar, H. Yakut, M. M. Saç, C. Taşköprü, M. İçhedef, and A. Kuş, “Natural radioactivity levels and related risk assessment in soil samples from Sakarya, Turkey,” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., vol. 313, no. 1, pp. 249–259, 2017.
- [20] S. Aközcan, M. Yılmaz, and F. Külahcı, “Dose rates and seasonal variations of 238 U, 232 Th, 226 Ra 40 K and 137 Cs radionuclides in soils along Thrace, Turkey,” Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, vol. 299, pp. 95–101, 2014.
- [21] F. Noli, P. Tsamos, and S. Stoulos, “Spatial and seasonal variation of radionuclides in soils and waters near a coal-fired power plant of Northern Greece: environmental dose assessment,” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., vol. 311, no. 1, pp. 331–338, 2017.
- [22] V. N. Golosov et al., “Erosion as a factor of transformation of soil radioactive contamination in the basin of the Shchekino Reservoir (Tula region)”, Eurasian Soil Science, vol. 54, pp. 291–303, 2021.
- [23] F. C. A. Ribeiro, J. I. R. Silva, E. S. A. Lima, N. M. B. Sobrinho, D. V. Perez, and D. C. Lauria, “Natural radioactivity in soils of the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil): Radiological characterization and relationships to geological formation, soil types and soil properties”, Journal of environmental radioactivity, vol. 182, pp. 34–43, 2018.
- [24] A. H. Alomari, M. A. Saleh, S. Hashim, A. Alsayaheen, and A. Abukashabeh, “Statistical relationship between activity concentrations of radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs and geological formations in surface soil of Jordan,” Isotopes Environ. Health Stud., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 211–226, 2019.
- [25] E. Mingareeva et al., “Content of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs) in soils of the North-West region of Russia formed on three types of soil forming rocks,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 175, p. 09018, 2020.
- [26] Matiullah, “Measurement of radioactivity in the soil of Bahawalpur division, Pakistan,” Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry, vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 443–447, 2004.
- [27] V. R. K. Murty and N. Karunakara, “Natural radioactivity in the soil samples of Botswana,” Radiat. Meas., vol. 43, no. 9–10, pp. 1541–1545, 2008.
- [28] J. Yang and Y. Sun, “Natural radioactivity and dose assessment in surface soil from Guangdong, a high background radiation province in China,” J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 145–151, 2022.
- [29] M. Zubair and Shafiqullah, “Measurement of natural radioactivity in several sandy-loamy soil samples from Sijua, Dhanbad, India,” Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 3, p. e03430, 2020.
- [30] A. Abbasi, A. Kurnaz, Ş. Turhan, and F. Mirekhtiary, “Radiation hazards and natural radioactivity levels in surface soil samples from dwelling areas of North Cyprus,” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., vol. 324, no. 1, pp. 203–210, 2020.
- [31] S. Dizman, F. K. Görür, R. Keser, and O. Görür, “The assessment of radioactivity and radiological hazards in soils of Bolu province, Turkey,” Environ. Forensics, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 211–218, 2019.
- [32] T. Özdemir Öge, F. B. Özdemir, and M. Öge, “Assessment of environmental radioactivity in soil samples from Bartın Province, Turkey,” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., vol. 328, no. 1, pp. 149–162, 2021.
- [33] N. Bingöldağ and P. Otansev, “Spatial distribution of natural and artificial radioactivity concentrations in soil samples and statistical approach, Nevşehir, Turkey,” Radiochim. Acta, vol. 108, no. 11, pp. 913–921, 2020.
- [34] A. A. Abojassim and L. H. Rasheed, “Natural radioactivity of soil in the Baghdad governorate,” Environ. Earth Sci., vol. 80, no. 1, 2021.
- [35] A. Abbasi and F. Mirekhtiary, “Heavy metals and natural radioactivity concentration in sediments of the Mediterranean Sea coast,” Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 154, no. 111041, p. 111041, 2020.
- [36] H. M. H. Zakaly et al., “An extended assessment of natural radioactivity in the sediments of the mid-region of the Egyptian Red Sea coast,” Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 171, no. 112658, p. 112658, 2021.
- [37] S. Khudair, A. Ali, and N. Tawfiq, “Assessment of natural and industrial radioactivity and radiological hazard in sediments of Tigris river of dhuluiya city, Iraq,” Rafidain Journal of Science, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 14–22, 2020.
- [38] M. Radomirović et al., “Spatial distribution, radiological risk assessment and positive matrix factorization of gamma-emitting radionuclides in the sediment of the Boka Kotorska Bay,” Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 169, no. 112491, p. 112491, 2021.
- [39] E. Yakovlev and A. Puchkov, “Assessment of current natural and anthropogenic radionuclide activity concentrations in the bottom sediments from the Barents Sea,” Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 160, no. 111571, p. 111571, 2020.
- [40] O. Maxwell et al., “Spatial distribution of gamma radiation dose rates from natural radionuclides and its radiological hazards in sediments along river Iju, Ogun state Nigeria,” MethodsX, vol. 7, no. 101086, p. 101086, 2020.
- [41] F. Caridi et al., “Assessment of natural radioactivity and radiological risks in river sediments from Calabria (southern Italy),” Appl. Sci. (Basel), vol. 11, no. 4, p. 1729, 2021.
- [42] S. Dizman, T. Akdemir, C. M. Yeşilkanat, V. Nevruzoglu, E. Bal, and R. Keser, “Investigation and mapping of natural and artificial radioactivity in sediment samples from Borçka Black Lake, Artvin-Turkey,” Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., pp. 1–15, 2022.
- [43] H. A. Ergül, M. Belivermiş, Ö. Kılıç, S. Topcuoğlu, and Y. Çotuk, “Natural and artificial radionuclide activity concentrations in surface sediments of Izmit Bay, Turkey,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 126, pp. 125–132, 2013.
- [44] S. Aközcan et al., “Comparison of radioactivity and metal pollution concentrations in marine sediment samples obtained from the Aegean sea (turkey) and the Calabria region (Italy),” WSEAS Trans. Environ. Dev., vol. 19, pp. 591–596, 2023.
- [45] S. Aytas et al., “Natural radioactivity of riverbank sediments of the Maritza and Tundja Rivers in Turkey”, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, vol. 47, no. 13, pp. 2163–2172, 2012.