Investigation of the Isotop Atomic Level of Great Leak in Nemrut Crater
Year 2025,
Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 2008 - 2015, 31.12.2025
Ayşe Gül Çetinarslan
,
Engin Yılmaz
Abstract
Lake Nemrut, the second largest crater lake in the world and the largest in Turkey, is located west of the Lake Van Basin in Bitis province. Due to the region’s high rainfall, the isotopic composition of the lake water is influenced by various hydrological processes. While deuterium (2H) and 18O isotopes provide information about regional precipitation and evaporation cycles, tritium (3H) isotope is important because it provides information about the age of water. For this reason, 2H, 3H and 18O isotope levels in lake were examined.
Water samples were taken in September (before the rains started) and in June (after the rains stopped.) In obtained samples were investigated 2H, 3H and 18O isotope levels.
As a result of the analysis of the samples, 2H values were between -27,37 and -28,39, 3H values were between 4.31 and 5.28, and 18O values were between -3.65 and -3.76.
Ethical Statement
The study is complied with research and publication ethics.
Supporting Institution
Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü
Project Number
BEBAP 2023.15
Thanks
Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü (BEBAP 2023.15)
References
-
K. Akin and E. Seven, “Investigations on the Fauna of Pyraloidea and Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of Nemrut Caldera Natural Monument,” Biol. Divers. Conserv., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 88–95, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.46309/biodicon.2020.730109.
-
T. Kurttaş and L. Tezcan, “Nemrut Kaldera Göllerinin Su Kaynakları Potansiyeli,” Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Enstitüsü Derg., vol. 22, no. 2, p. 823, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.19113/sdufbed.93985.
-
Ş. Hayta and E. Firat, “Determination of heavy metal concentrations and soil samples of Betula pendula and Populus tremula in Nemrut Crater Lake,” Int. J. Second. Metab., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 504–512, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.21448/ijsm.1082781.
-
E. Avşar and E. Işık, “Environmental Toxicity Characteristics of Nemrut Volcanism Pyroclastic, Bitlis/Turkey Case,” Sigma J Eng Nat Sci, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 1203–1215, 2020.
-
A. Bi̇Çer, “Physical Properties and Evaluation of Some Geothermal Waters in Bitlis, Van and Bingöl provinces,” Uluslar. Doğu Anadolu Fen Mühendis. Ve Tasar. Derg., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 20–30, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.47898/ijeased.1210378.
-
A. Serpil, “Nemrut Krater Gölü (BİTLİS) Su Kalitesi, Gölde Yaşayan Aphanius mento (Heckel, 1843)’nun Larval Ontogenisi ve Osmoregülatör Kapasitesinin Belirlenmesi,” Doktora Tezi, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Van, 2020.
-
N. C. Dizdaroğlu, “Nemrut Krater Gölü’nün Sediment ve Bazı Sucul Bitki Örneklerinin Ağır Metal Konsantrasyonlarının İncelenmesi,” Yüksek Lisans, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Bİtlis, 2019.
-
M. Baskaran, Ed., Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry: Vol I. in Advances in Isotope Geochemistry. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-10637-8.
-
N. Yang and G. Wang, “Moisture sources and climate evolution during the last 30 kyr in northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Insights from groundwater isotopes (2H, 18O, 3H and 14C) and water vapour trajectories modeling,” Quat. Sci. Rev., vol. 242, p. 106426, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106426.
-
M. Kralik, R. Benischke, S. Wyhlidal, and R. Philippitsch, “First Water-Isotope-Map (δ18O, δ2H, 3H) of Austria: Applications, Extremes and Trends,” Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., vol. 17, pp. 924–927, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.proeps.2017.01.021.
-
S. Demer, “Isparta Ovası Yeraltısularının İzotop Jeokimyası,” Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Enstitüsü Derg., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 285–292.
-
A. Bozdağ, “Investigation of over-exploited Groundwater in Çumra Plain (Konya-Turkey) with Environmental Isotopes,” Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendis. Bilim. Derg., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 483–492.
-
B. Erduran, K. Törk, and Ö. Gfirkan, “Zonguldak ve Çevresindeki Yeraltısularının İzotop Hidrolojisi İncelemesi,” Jeol. Mühendisliği Derg., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 35–46, 2003.
-
P. Ravikumar and R. K. Somashekar, “Environmental Tritium (3H) and hydrochemical investigations to evaluate groundwater in Varahi and Markandeya river basins, Karnataka, India,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 153–162, Feb. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.11.006.
-
I. Clark and P. Fritz, Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology. Lewis Publishers, Florida, 1997.
-
T. Uzelli, “Varto ve Muş Havzalarındaki (Doğu Anadolu, Türkiye) Jeotermal Sistemlerinin Yapısal Kontrolleri,” Hacettepe Üniversitesi, 2019.
-
H. Mutlu, N. Güleç, D. R. Hilton, H. Aydın, and S. A. Halldorsson, “Spatial variations in gas and stable isotope compositions of thermal fluids around Lake Van: Implications for crust–mantle dynamics in eastern Turkey,” Chem. Geol., vol. 300–301, pp. 165–176, 2012.
-
Z. Zhou, I. Cartwright, U. Morgenstern, and L. K. Fifield, “Integrating major ion geochemistry, stable isotopes (18O, 2H) and radioactive isotopes (222Rn, 14C, 36Cl, 3H) to understand the interaction between catchment waters and an intermittent river,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 908, p. 167998, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167998.
-
N. Yang and G. Wang, “Moisture sources and climate evolution during the last 30 kyr in northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Insights from groundwater isotopes (2H, 18O, 3H and 14C) and water vapour trajectories modeling,” Quat. Sci. Rev., vol. 242, p. 106426, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106426.
-
E. Bryan, K. T. Meredith, A. Baker, M. S. Andersen, V. E. A. Post, and P. C. Treble, “How water isotopes (18O, 2H, 3H) within an island freshwater lens respond to changes in rainfall,” Water Res., vol. 170, p. 115301, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115301.
-
M. Kralik, R. Benischke, S. Wyhlidal, and R. Philippitsch, “First Water-Isotope-Map (δ18O, δ2H, 3H) of Austria: Applications, Extremes and Trends,” Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., vol. 17, pp. 924–927, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.proeps.2017.01.021.
-
G. F. C. Lima et al., “Establishing a water baseline for the unconventional gas industry: A multiple environmental isotopes assessment (18O, 2H, 3H, 13C, and 14C) of surface and groundwater in the São Francisco Basin, Brazil,” Appl. Geochem., vol. 159, p. 105818, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2023.105818.
-
C. Yurteri̇, “Seyfe Gölü Sulak Alan Havzasındaki Su Kaynaklarının Duraylı İzotop İçeriklerinin İncelenmesi,” Mühendis. Bilim. Ve Tasar. Derg., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 883–903, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.21923/jesd.769987.
-
Y. Uras, Y. Uysal, M. N. Yilmaz, and M. Paksoy, “Yedioluk-Kozan (Adıyaman) Bölgesi İçme Sularının Karakteristiklerinin Hidrojeolojik Açıdan İncelenmesi,” Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendis.-Mimar. Fakültesi Derg., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 45–56, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.21605/cukurovaummfd.522974.
-
S. Tongun, C. Şimşek, and A. Baba, “İzotop özelliklerinin kullanılarak su-kayaç etkileşiminin incelenmesi: Alaşehir alt havzası örneği,” Devl. Su İşleri Tek. Bül., vol. 134, no. 1012–0726, pp. 1–9, 2019.