Phase Division Multiplexing Based on BPSK

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 2155 - 2181, 31.12.2025

Munip Geylani , Musa Çıbuk

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1708822

Abstract

Multiplexing enables multiple information streams to be transmitted over a shared communication medium and is traditionally achieved through Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), or hybrid combinations of these techniques. All of these methods allocate communication resources by partitioning frequency or time. In contrast, this study investigates whether the phase parameter of a passband signal can also be utilized as a multiplexing dimension. To this end, a new BPSK-based physical-layer method, termed Phase Division Multiplexing (PDM), is introduced. The key idea behind PDM is to divide the phase domain into multiple non-overlapping regions, enabling several phase channels to operate in parallel over a single carrier frequency without increasing bandwidth or symbol duration.
The proposed structure—including the dual- and quad-channel PDM configurations—was implemented and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. Constellation analyses and BER evaluations demonstrate that the signal phase can be effectively used as an additional multiplexing dimension and that PDM can successfully support simultaneous multi-channel transmission at the same carrier frequency. These results indicate that PDM may be suitable for low-rate or parallel communication scenarios where deterministic channel assignment, time independence, and bandwidth neutrality are required, and that it can serve as an additional multiplexing mechanism in such applications.

Keywords

Phase Division Multiplexing , PDM , BPSK , Multiplexing , Multichannel Communication

Ethical Statement

The study is complied with research and publication ethics.

References

• M. Çıbuk, WiMAX/IEEE 802.16 Ağları Üzerinden Web Tabanlı Biyo-Telemetri Uygulamaları İçin Protokol Tasarımı ve Gerçekleştirilmesi, Doktora Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elazığ, Türkiye, 2009.
• V. Nandalal and M. S. Sumalatha, “Multiplexing,” in Multiplexing. Rijeka, Croatia: IntechOpen, 2019.
• P. Kheirkhah Sangdeh and H. Zeng, “Overview of multiplexing techniques in wireless networks,” in Multiplexing, vol. 11. Rijeka, Croatia: IntechOpen, 2019, p. 13.
• C. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning, 2015.
• D. Battu, New Telecom Networks. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2014.
• L. N. Binh, Advanced Digital Optical Communications, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2015.
• T. Adarsh, N. Narasimhamurthy, M. Banavar, and C. Cihan, OFDM Systems for Wireless Communications. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2022.
• H. F. Arrano and C. A. Azurdia-Meza, “OFDM: Today and in the future of next generation wireless communications,” in Proc. IEEE Central America and Panama Student Conf. (CONESCAPAN), Sep. 2016, pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/CONESCAPAN.2016.8075209.
• Y. Chen, M. Jiang, Z. Wei, and Z. Zhou, “A research of critical technology on wireless communication,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Wireless Communications and Smart Grid (ICWCSG), Aug. 2021, pp. 1–7, doi: 10.1109/ICWCSG53609.2021.00008.
• B. Farhang-Boroujeny and H. Moradi, “OFDM inspired waveforms for 5G,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 2474–2492, 2016, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2565566.
• A. Rawat, R. Kaushik, and A. Tiwari, “An overview of MIMO-OFDM system for wireless communication,” International Journal of Technical Research and Science, vol. VI, no. X, pp. 1–4, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.30780/IJTRS.V06.I10.001.
• S. Singhal and D. K. Sharma, “A review and comparative analysis of PAPR reduction techniques of OFDM system,” Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 135, no. 2, pp. 777–803, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s11277-024-11074-7.
• Z. Homavazir and P. Bansal, “Enhancement of system capacity by implementing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in wireless digital communication,” in Proc. IEEE 4th Annual Flagship India Council Int. Subsections Conf. (INDISCON), Aug. 2023, pp. 1–7, doi: 10.1109/INDISCON58499.2023.10270204.
• H. Liu, Y. Xia, and H. Yu, “OFDM spectrum sensing analysis and implementation method,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2384, no. 1, p. 012009, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2384/1/012009.
• R. M. Buehrer, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2022.
• E. Ezhilarasan and M. Dinakaran, “A review on mobile technologies: 3G, 4G and 5G,” in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Recent Trends and Challenges in Computational Models (ICRTCCM), Feb. 2017, pp. 369–373, doi: 10.1109/ICRTCCM.2017.90.
• M. Geylani, M. Çıbuk, H. Çınar, and F. Ağgün, “Geçmişten günümüze hücresel haberleşme teknolojilerinin gelişimi,” DEÜ Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 18, no. 54, pp. 606–623, 2016, doi: 10.21205/deufmd.2016185425.
• W. Jiang and B. Han, “Evolution to third-generation (3G) mobile cellular communications,” in Cellular Communication Networks and Standards, Textbooks in Telecommunication Engineering. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2024, pp. 53–69, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57820-5_5.
• A. Tusha and H. Arslan, “Interference burden in wireless communications: A comprehensive survey from PHY layer perspective,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 2204–2246, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2024.3487068.
• D. V. Reddy, M. G. Raymer, and C. J. McKinstrie, “Sorting photon wave packets using temporal-mode interferometry based on multiple-stage quantum frequency conversion,” Physical Review A, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 1–13, Jan. 2015, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.012323.
• K.-L. Du and M. N. S. Swamy, Wireless Communication Systems. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
• S. Faruque, “Phase shift keying (PSK),” in Radio Frequency Modulation Made Easy, SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017, pp. 69–83, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-41202-3_6.
• Y. Akaiwa, Introduction to Digital Mobile Communication. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
• M. Geylani and M. Cibuk, “Phase division multiplexing with 4-level PSK modulation and simulation,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Artificial Intelligence and Data Processing (IDAP), Sep. 2018, pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/IDAP.2018.8620912.
• MathWorks, “MATLAB: Programming and numeric computing platform,” MathWorks Inc., USA, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/