Monitoring Temperature Values in Industrial Flue Gases Alongside Dust Concentrations, Emissions, Velocity, Temperature and Humidity

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 2214 - 2229, 31.12.2025

Abdullah Akay , Tuba Rastgeldi Dogan , Turgay Dere

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1719869

https://izlik.org/JA89KF69TR

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the principal components of industrial air pollution due to its respirable size range and its ability to adsorb and transport other chemical pollutants, posing significant risks to both human health and the environment. Present in both solid and liquid forms, PM exerts effects on local, regional, and global scales. In this study, industrial flue gases were systematically monitored for dust concentrations and emissions, along with key operational parameters such as flow velocity, temperature, and humidity. The measurement results were analyzed to determine the interactions among these parameters and to establish optimized conditions for representative dust sumpling. This study indicates that flue gas temperature plays a critical role in the representativeness of dust sampling.
At low temperatures (≈16–50 °C), the observed fluctuations reflect the inherent differences between stacks rather than measurement uncertainty, ensuring high representativeness. In the medium range (≈50–100 °C), both process stability and sampling reliability are largely maintained, allowing for consistent measurements. At high temperatures (>100 °C), however, dust concentrations appear lower and more stable, which may result from particle volatilization and moisture effects, suggesting potential underestimation of true emissions.

Keywords

Particulate matter (PM) , Flue gas , Dust concentration , Temperature , Air pollution.

Ethical Statement

The study is complied with research and publication ethics.

References

• D. Kim, Z. Chen, L. F. Zhou, and S. X. Huang, “Air Pollutants and Early Origins of Respiratory Diseases,” Chronic Dis. Transl. Med., vol. 2018, pp. 1–20, 2017.
• L. Bai, J. Wang, X. Ma, and H. Lu, “Air Pollution Forecast: An Overview,” School of Statistics, Dongbei Univ. of Finance and Economics, Dalian, China, 2018.
• M. Arulprakasajothi, U. Chandrasekhar, and D. Yuvarajan, “An Analysis on the Implications of Air Pollutants in Chennai,” Int. J. Ambient Energy, 2018.
• K. K. Lee, M. R. Miller, and A. S. V. Shah, “Air Pollution and Stroke,” J. Stroke, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 2–11, 2018.
• R. M. Harrison, “Airborne Particulate Matter,” Philos. Trans. A, vol. 378, p. 20190319, 2020.
• Y. Zhai et al., “A Review on Airborne Microorganism in Particulate Matters: Composition, Characteristics and Influence Factors,” Environ. Int., vol. 113, pp. 74–90, 2018.
• M. Park et al., “Differential Toxicities of Fine Particulate Matters from Various Sources,” Sci. Rep., vol. 8, p. 17007, 2018.
• S. Zhou, J. Zhou, and Y. Zhu, “Chemical Composition and Size Distribution of Particulate Matters from Marine Diesel Engines With Different Fuel Oils,” Fuel, vol. 235, pp. 972–983, 2019.
• M. Saxena, B. Kumar, and S. Matharu, “Impact of Yagya on Particulate Matters,” Interdiscip. J. Yagya Res., vol. 1, no. 1, 2018.
• Y. Peng, N. Shi, T. Wang, ‘’ Investigating the Effect of Flue Gas Temperature and Excess Air Coefficient on the Size Distribution of Condensable Particulate Matters,’’ Elsevier, Fuel, Volume 298, 120866, 2021.
• Y. Wu, Z. Xu, S. Liu, M. Tang, S. Lu,‘’ Effect of the Changes of Load and Flue Gas Temperature on the Emission of Particulate Matter from the Coal-Fired Unit,’’ Aerosol and Atmospheric Chemistry, Volume 22, Issue 4, 2022.
• Z. Tang, B. Ji, ‘’Study on Particle Loss in High-Temperature Flue Gas Sampling During Fuel Conversion,’’ Elsevier, Fuel, Volume 316, 123339, 2022.
• TS ISO 10780, Stationary Source Emissions – Measurement of Velocity and Volume Flow Rate of Gas Streams in Ducts, TSE, 1999.
• EPA Method 1, Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2020.
• EPA Method 2, Determination of Stack Gas Velocity and Volumetric Flow Rate (Type S Pitot Tube), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2017.
• T.C. Cevre ve Sehircilik Bakanlıgı, Sanayi Kaynaklı Hava Kirliliginin Kontrolü Yönetmeligi, 2009.
• TS EN 14790, Stationary Source Emissions – Determination of Water Vapour in Stacks, TSE, 2006.
• EPA Method 4, Determination of Moisture Content in Stack Gases, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2017.
• TS EN 15259, Air Quality – Measurement of Stationary Source Emissions – Requirements for Measurement Sections and Sites and for the Measurement Objective, Plan and Report, TSE, 2012.
• EPA Method 17, Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions from Stationary Sources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2017.
• EPA Method 5, Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions from Stationary Sources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2019.
• TS ISO 9096, Stationary Source Emissions – Manual Determination of Mass Concentration of Particulate Matter, TSE, 2004.
• W.C. Hinds, Y. Zhu, Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior and Measurement of Airborne Particles, Wiley-Interscience, 1999.