Design and Implementation of an Automated Fumigation System for Effective Sterilization in Confined and Hard-to-Reach Spaces

Md. Kamrul Hasan; Mst. Roksana Akter; Md. Sun Moon Islam; Hayati Mamur; Mohammad Ruhul Amin Bhuiyan

doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1729646

Design and Implementation of an Automated Fumigation System for Effective Sterilization in Confined and Hard-to-Reach Spaces

Abstract

Automated fumigation systems play a vital role in ensuring efficient sterilization, particularly in confined environments. This study focused on an advanced automated fumigation system equipped with a dual-timer mechanism to enhance chemical dispersion accuracy. The system employs an ATMEGA328P-PU microcontroller to dispense 5 mL of formalin onto 2 g of potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), producing disinfectant vapor. The fumigation process consists of a 30-second activation phase followed by a 5-minute dispersion phase to ensure even distribution. Compared to existing fumigation solutions, the proposed system demonstrates higher sterilization efficiency and improved control over chemical release, reducing operational errors and enhancing safety. Experimental evaluations reveal a progressive increase in formalin vapor concentration, peaking at 0.15 g/m³ within 10 minutes, validating the system’s disinfection efficiency. To optimize operational precision and reduce chemical waste, an automated control system was integrated, achieving a timing accuracy of less than 0.5 seconds per cycle. The system attained a 95% fumigant dispersion efficiency, demonstrating its reliability and scalability for various sterilization applications. This approach provides a significant improvement over conventional fumigation methods by integrating precise automation, dual-timer control, and enhanced reproducibility, making it particularly suitable for sensitive and confined spaces. This technology enhances disinfection protocols in healthcare facilities, research laboratories, and food processing industries where manual fumigation is impractical. Future enhancements will focus on improving system durability, integrating real-time monitoring, and expanding compatibility with a wider range of disinfectants to optimize sterilization in diverse settings.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

The study is complied with research and publication ethics.

Thanks

The authors extend their sincere gratitude to the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Teesta University, Rangpur, Bangladesh, for their support and cooperation.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Medical Devices

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Md. Kamrul Hasan
0009-0001-6226-3119
Bangladesh

Mst. Roksana Akter
0009-0000-6860-6672
Bangladesh

Md. Sun Moon Islam
0009-0005-3377-0022
Bangladesh

Hayati Mamur ^*
0000-0001-7555-5826
Türkiye

Mohammad Ruhul Amin Bhuiyan
0000-0001-7335-4158
Bangladesh

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

June 29, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 14, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 14 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1729646

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA85UN57BN

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Hasan, M. K., Akter, M. R., Islam, M. S. M., Mamur, H., & Bhuiyan, M. R. A. (2025). Design and Implementation of an Automated Fumigation System for Effective Sterilization in Confined and Hard-to-Reach Spaces. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(4), 2297-2323. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1729646

AMA

1.Hasan MK, Akter MR, Islam MSM, Mamur H, Bhuiyan MRA. Design and Implementation of an Automated Fumigation System for Effective Sterilization in Confined and Hard-to-Reach Spaces. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;14(4):2297-2323. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1729646

Chicago

Hasan, Md. Kamrul, Mst. Roksana Akter, Md. Sun Moon Islam, Hayati Mamur, and Mohammad Ruhul Amin Bhuiyan. 2025. “Design and Implementation of an Automated Fumigation System for Effective Sterilization in Confined and Hard-to-Reach Spaces”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 14 (4): 2297-2323. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1729646.

EndNote

Hasan MK, Akter MR, Islam MSM, Mamur H, Bhuiyan MRA (December 1, 2025) Design and Implementation of an Automated Fumigation System for Effective Sterilization in Confined and Hard-to-Reach Spaces. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 14 4 2297–2323.

IEEE

[1]M. K. Hasan, M. R. Akter, M. S. M. Islam, H. Mamur, and M. R. A. Bhuiyan, “Design and Implementation of an Automated Fumigation System for Effective Sterilization in Confined and Hard-to-Reach Spaces”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 2297–2323, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1729646.

ISNAD

Hasan, Md. Kamrul - Akter, Mst. Roksana - Islam, Md. Sun Moon - Mamur, Hayati - Bhuiyan, Mohammad Ruhul Amin. “Design and Implementation of an Automated Fumigation System for Effective Sterilization in Confined and Hard-to-Reach Spaces”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 14/4 (December 1, 2025): 2297-2323. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1729646.

JAMA

1.Hasan MK, Akter MR, Islam MSM, Mamur H, Bhuiyan MRA. Design and Implementation of an Automated Fumigation System for Effective Sterilization in Confined and Hard-to-Reach Spaces. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;14:2297–2323.

MLA

Hasan, Md. Kamrul, et al. “Design and Implementation of an Automated Fumigation System for Effective Sterilization in Confined and Hard-to-Reach Spaces”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 2297-23, doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1729646.

Vancouver

1.Md. Kamrul Hasan, Mst. Roksana Akter, Md. Sun Moon Islam, Hayati Mamur, Mohammad Ruhul Amin Bhuiyan. Design and Implementation of an Automated Fumigation System for Effective Sterilization in Confined and Hard-to-Reach Spaces. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025 Dec. 1;14(4):2297-323. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1729646