Design and Implementation of an Automated Fumigation System for Effective Sterilization in Confined and Hard-to-Reach Spaces

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 2297 - 2323, 31.12.2025

Md. Kamrul Hasan , Mst. Roksana Akter , Md. Sun Moon Islam , Hayati Mamur , Mohammad Ruhul Amin Bhuiyan

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1729646

Abstract

Automated fumigation systems play a vital role in ensuring efficient sterilization, particularly in confined environments. This study focused on an advanced automated fumigation system equipped with a dual-timer mechanism to enhance chemical dispersion accuracy. The system employs an ATMEGA328P-PU microcontroller to dispense 5 mL of formalin onto 2 g of potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), producing disinfectant vapor. The fumigation process consists of a 30-second activation phase followed by a 5-minute dispersion phase to ensure even distribution. Compared to existing fumigation solutions, the proposed system demonstrates higher sterilization efficiency and improved control over chemical release, reducing operational errors and enhancing safety. Experimental evaluations reveal a progressive increase in formalin vapor concentration, peaking at 0.15 g/m³ within 10 minutes, validating the system’s disinfection efficiency. To optimize operational precision and reduce chemical waste, an automated control system was integrated, achieving a timing accuracy of less than 0.5 seconds per cycle. The system attained a 95% fumigant dispersion efficiency, demonstrating its reliability and scalability for various sterilization applications. This approach provides a significant improvement over conventional fumigation methods by integrating precise automation, dual-timer control, and enhanced reproducibility, making it particularly suitable for sensitive and confined spaces. This technology enhances disinfection protocols in healthcare facilities, research laboratories, and food processing industries where manual fumigation is impractical. Future enhancements will focus on improving system durability, integrating real-time monitoring, and expanding compatibility with a wider range of disinfectants to optimize sterilization in diverse settings.

Keywords

Fumigation system , Microcontroller , Sterilization , Formalin vapor , Potassium permanganate

Ethical Statement

The study is complied with research and publication ethics.

Thanks

The authors extend their sincere gratitude to the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Teesta University, Rangpur, Bangladesh, for their support and cooperation.

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