Multi-Criteria Optimization and Comparative Evaluation of Passive Harmonic Filters Using Advanced Meta-Heuristic Algorithms

Ahmet Nur; Faruk Kürker

doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1788646

Multi-Criteria Optimization and Comparative Evaluation of Passive Harmonic Filters Using Advanced Meta-Heuristic Algorithms

Abstract

Harmonics, which negatively affect power quality, are among the primary problems caused by non-linear loads. These harmonics lead to distortions in voltage and current waveforms, excessive current and voltage surges, insulation failures, and malfunctions in power electronics-based equipment in industrial power systems. Therefore, the development of optimization-based harmonic filter design methods suitable for industrial applications is of great importance for improving power quality and ensuring system reliability. In this study, five different passive harmonic filter topologies (Single-Tuned Harmonic Filter, First-Order High-Pass Filter, Second-Order High-Pass Filter, Third-Order High-Pass Filter, and C-Type Filter) were optimized under a multi-criteria framework using four advanced meta-heuristic algorithms (Genetic Algorithm – GA, Particle Swarm Optimization – PSO, Differential Evolution – DE, and Grey Wolf Optimization – GWO) within a multi-criteria framework. The optimization process simultaneously minimizes three fundamental performance criteria: average total harmonic distortion (THDI_mean), the IEEE-519 standard violation penalty, and reactive power consumption (QC). Numerical analysis results show that Single-Tuned filters optimized with PSO and DE algorithms achieved the lowest harmonic distortion value (THDI_mean ≈ 0.577), while C-Type filters stood out with their low reactive power requirement (~1.9×10⁴ VAr) and superiority in suppressing third harmonics. In contrast, high-pass filters (1st–3rd order) performed worse across all algorithms. As a result, it was found that single-criterion approaches focused solely on harmonic reduction are insufficient. Instead, multi-criteria optimization, which simultaneously considers harmonic reduction, compliance with standards, and reactive power balance, offers more balanced and industrially applicable solutions. This study presents a new, comprehensive methodological framework that addresses a gap in the literature on the optimization of passive harmonic filters.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

The study is complied with research and publication ethics.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Electrical Circuits and Systems

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ahmet Nur ^*
0009-0006-5671-6923
Türkiye

Faruk Kürker
0000-0003-1544-9743
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 24, 2026

Submission Date

September 22, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 9, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 15 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1788646

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA94AC92RH

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Nur, A., & Kürker, F. (2026). Multi-Criteria Optimization and Comparative Evaluation of Passive Harmonic Filters Using Advanced Meta-Heuristic Algorithms. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 201-215. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1788646

AMA

1.Nur A, Kürker F. Multi-Criteria Optimization and Comparative Evaluation of Passive Harmonic Filters Using Advanced Meta-Heuristic Algorithms. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15(1):201-215. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1788646

Chicago

Nur, Ahmet, and Faruk Kürker. 2026. “Multi-Criteria Optimization and Comparative Evaluation of Passive Harmonic Filters Using Advanced Meta-Heuristic Algorithms”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 (1): 201-15. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1788646.

EndNote

Nur A, Kürker F (March 1, 2026) Multi-Criteria Optimization and Comparative Evaluation of Passive Harmonic Filters Using Advanced Meta-Heuristic Algorithms. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 1 201–215.

IEEE

[1]A. Nur and F. Kürker, “Multi-Criteria Optimization and Comparative Evaluation of Passive Harmonic Filters Using Advanced Meta-Heuristic Algorithms”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 201–215, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1788646.

ISNAD

Nur, Ahmet - Kürker, Faruk. “Multi-Criteria Optimization and Comparative Evaluation of Passive Harmonic Filters Using Advanced Meta-Heuristic Algorithms”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15/1 (March 1, 2026): 201-215. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1788646.

JAMA

1.Nur A, Kürker F. Multi-Criteria Optimization and Comparative Evaluation of Passive Harmonic Filters Using Advanced Meta-Heuristic Algorithms. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15:201–215.

MLA

Nur, Ahmet, and Faruk Kürker. “Multi-Criteria Optimization and Comparative Evaluation of Passive Harmonic Filters Using Advanced Meta-Heuristic Algorithms”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 201-15, doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1788646.

Vancouver

1.Ahmet Nur, Faruk Kürker. Multi-Criteria Optimization and Comparative Evaluation of Passive Harmonic Filters Using Advanced Meta-Heuristic Algorithms. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026 Mar. 1;15(1):201-15. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1788646