Single-Step Fabrication of Chitosan-Containing 3D Nanofiber Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Özay Eroğlu; Hanife Şevval Dere; Ugur Erkarslan; Hülya Kara Subasat

doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1799077

Single-Step Fabrication of Chitosan-Containing 3D Nanofiber Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Considering the increasing aging population and the exponential rise in bone regeneration and graft usage operations due to trauma and degeneration, the annual cost of such procedures was projected to reach $1 billion by 2015. Bone tissue engineering offers an innovative alternative to traditional bone grafting by promoting cell migration and supporting vascularization, emphasizing the importance of mimicking the natural properties of transplanted tissue. This approach represents a groundbreaking solution in the field of bone transplantation. In this study, compressible and easily shapeable three-dimensional composite fibrous materials were developed for the treatment of bone defects with irregular geometries. These materials were specifically designed to be suitable for use in addressing complex and irregular bone damage. To achieve this, scaffolds based on polycaprolactone (PCL), a polyester approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA); chitosan (CS), a polysaccharide; gelatin (GEL), a protein; and varying ratios of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) were produced and optimized using the electrospinning method. This study focused on optimizing the PCL/GEL/CS/nHA composite materials to achieve a three-dimensional, cotton-like structure with high porosity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed the successful formation of three-dimensional nanofiber architectures with enhanced porosity and an interconnected network structure. The cotton-like, compressible, and moldable architecture, achieved through a specially designed spherical collector in a single-step process, makes these scaffolds exceptionally well-suited for filling complex and irregularly shaped bone defects. Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), swelling behavior, and biodegradation tests demonstrated that the developed scaffolds possess suitable moisture permeability, water absorption capacity, and a controlled degradation profile. These results indicate that the produced three-dimensional PCL/GEL/CS/nHA scaffolds have strong potential for application in bone tissue engineering.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This research was supported by Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office (Project No: 24/168/01/1)

Project Number

Project No: 24/168/01/1

Ethical Statement

The study is complied with research and publication ethics.

Thanks

This research was supported by Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office (Project No: 24/168/01/1)

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Molecular Medicine, Tissue Engineering

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Özay Eroğlu
0000-0001-6268-9155
Türkiye

Hanife Şevval Dere
0009-0007-9870-9163
Türkiye

Ugur Erkarslan
0000-0001-7667-2151
Türkiye

Hülya Kara Subasat ^*
0000-0002-2032-8930
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

October 7, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 23, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 15 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1799077

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA48JB79BY

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Eroğlu, Ö., Dere, H. Ş., Erkarslan, U., & Kara Subasat, H. (2026). Single-Step Fabrication of Chitosan-Containing 3D Nanofiber Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 583-593. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1799077

AMA

1.Eroğlu Ö, Dere HŞ, Erkarslan U, Kara Subasat H. Single-Step Fabrication of Chitosan-Containing 3D Nanofiber Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15(2):583-593. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1799077

Chicago

Eroğlu, Özay, Hanife Şevval Dere, Ugur Erkarslan, and Hülya Kara Subasat. 2026. “Single-Step Fabrication of Chitosan-Containing 3D Nanofiber Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 (2): 583-93. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1799077.

EndNote

Eroğlu Ö, Dere HŞ, Erkarslan U, Kara Subasat H (June 1, 2026) Single-Step Fabrication of Chitosan-Containing 3D Nanofiber Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 2 583–593.

IEEE

[1]Ö. Eroğlu, H. Ş. Dere, U. Erkarslan, and H. Kara Subasat, “Single-Step Fabrication of Chitosan-Containing 3D Nanofiber Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 583–593, June 2026, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1799077.

ISNAD

Eroğlu, Özay - Dere, Hanife Şevval - Erkarslan, Ugur - Kara Subasat, Hülya. “Single-Step Fabrication of Chitosan-Containing 3D Nanofiber Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15/2 (June 1, 2026): 583-593. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1799077.

JAMA

1.Eroğlu Ö, Dere HŞ, Erkarslan U, Kara Subasat H. Single-Step Fabrication of Chitosan-Containing 3D Nanofiber Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15:583–593.

MLA

Eroğlu, Özay, et al. “Single-Step Fabrication of Chitosan-Containing 3D Nanofiber Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 583-9, doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1799077.

Vancouver

1.Özay Eroğlu, Hanife Şevval Dere, Ugur Erkarslan, Hülya Kara Subasat. Single-Step Fabrication of Chitosan-Containing 3D Nanofiber Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026 Jun. 1;15(2):583-9. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1799077