Faraday Rotation as a Control Parameter for Poincar´e-Sphere Polarization States

Mahmud Tekin; Fatma Tambağ; Koray Köksal

doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1802057

Faraday Rotation as a Control Parameter for Poincar´e-Sphere Polarization States

Abstract

Vector beams which are described on higher-order Poincaré spheres provide a powerful framework for representing structured light fields whose polarization and spatial phase are inseparably linked. Although such states can be generated by various optical elements, a practical challenge remains in controlling their polarization change during propagation. In this work, we aim to analyze the role of the Faraday rotation angle as a tunable control parameter that couples directly to the azimuthal coordinate of the Poincaré sphere. Through theoretical modeling and visualizations, we show how linear, circular, and elliptical polarizations evolve under varying Faraday angles, highlighting similarities and differences with intrinsic Poincaré sphere rotations. Our results demonstrate that Faraday rotation can serve as an in-line, magnetically tunable actuator for polarization control, offering a compact and non-mechanical alternative to conventional polarization optics. This perspective opens new opportunities for adaptive imaging, optical communication, sensing, and integrated photonic devices where real-time polarization control of vector modes is required.

Keywords

References

G. Milione, H. I. Sztul, D. A. Nolan, and R. R. Alfano, Higher-Order Poincaré Sphere, Stokes Parameters, and the Angular Momentum of Light, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 053601, 2011.
Y. Liu, X. Ling, X. Yi, X. Zhou, H. Luo, and S. Wen, Realization of Polarization Evolution on Higher-Order Poincaré Sphere with Metasurface, Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 191110, 2014.
R. Fickler, L. Kopf, and M. Ornigotti, Higher-Order Poincaré Spheres and Spatiospectral Poincaré Beams, Phys. Rev. Research 6, 033298, 2024.
M. McLaren, T. Konrad, M. Agnew, J. Leach, and A. Forbes, Measuring the Nonseparability of Vector Vortex Beams, Phys. Rev. A 92, 023833, 2015.
L. Marrucci, C. Manzo, and D. Paparo, Optical Spin-to-Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion in Inhomogeneous Anisotropic Media, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 163905, 2006.
H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, A. Forbes, M. V. Berry, M. R. Dennis, D. L. Andrews, M. Mansuripur, and et al., Roadmap on Structured Light, J. Opt. 19, 013001, 2017.
F. Lei, G. Tkachenko, J. M. Ward, and S. N. Chormaic, Complete Polarization Control for a Nanofiber Waveguide Using Directional Coupling, Phys. Rev. Applied 11, 064041, 2019.
W. Xiong, C. W. Hsu, Y. Bromberg, J. E. Antonio-Lopez, R. A. Correa, and H. Cao, Complete Polarization Control in Multimode Fibers with Polarization and Mode Coupling, Light: Science&Applications 7, 2018.

A. E. Kaplan, V. Vitali, V. Demontis, F. Rossella,A. Fontana,S. Cornia, I. Cristiani, Polarization Control in Integrated Silicon Waveguides Using Semiconductor Nanowires, Nanomaterials vol. 12(14), 2438, 2022.
A. K. Zvezdin and V. A. Kotov, Modern Magnetooptics and Magnetooptical Materials, CRC Press, London, 1997.
P. S. Pershan, Magneto‐Optical Effects, Journal of Applied Physics 38(3), pp.1482-1490, 1967.
K. Ando, Magneto-Optics, Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences Vol. 128, Springer, 2000.
F. Tambag, K. Koksal, H. F. Yildiz, and M. Babiker, Direct observation of the Faraday rotation using radially-polarised doughnut modes, Optics Communications vol. 545, 2023.
N. Daloi, T. N. Dey, Vector Beam Polarization Rotation Control Using Resonant Magneto Optics, Optics Express 30(12), p. 21894, 2022.
Y. Zhang, C. Yang, S. Li, H. Yan, J. Yin, C. Gu, G. Jin, Complete Polarization Controller Based on Magneto-Optic Crystals and Fixed Quarter Wave Plates, Optics Express 14(8), p. 3484, 2006.
D. Shahwar, H. H. Yoon, S. T. Akkanen, D. Li, S. T. Muntaha, M. Cherchi, Z. Sun, Polarization Management in Silicon Photonics, npj Nanophotonics 1, 2024.
G. Chen, B. Wu, Q. Wang, F. Wen, and K. Qiu, Magneto-Optical Fiber-Based Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Converters, Applied Optics 63, p. 2469, 2024.
N. Li, Y. Chen, C. Zhang, J. Nong, W. Xu, Z. Wang, and Z. Zhang, Characterization of Fiber-Optic Vector Magnetic Field Sensors Based on the Magneto-Strictive Effect, Sensors 23, 7127,2023.
G. Armelles, A. Cebollada, A. Garc´ıa-Mart´ın, and M. U. Gonz´alez, Magnetoplasmonics: Combining Magnetic and Plasmonic Functionalities, Advanced Optical Materials 1, p.10, 2013.
Z. Bomzon, V. Kleiner, and E. Hasman, Space-Variant Pancharatnam–Berry Phase Optical Elements with Computer-Generated Subwavelength Gratings, Optics Letters 27, p. 1141, 2002.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Atomic and Molecular Physics, Classical and Physical Optics, Lighting

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mahmud Tekin ^*
0009-0002-2094-3404
Türkiye

Fatma Tambağ
0000-0002-8859-0732
Türkiye

Koray Köksal
0000-0001-8331-9380
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

October 12, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 11, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 15 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1802057

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA86KT82SS

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Tekin, M., Tambağ, F., & Köksal, K. (2026). Faraday Rotation as a Control Parameter for Poincar´e-Sphere Polarization States. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 594-607. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1802057

AMA

1.Tekin M, Tambağ F, Köksal K. Faraday Rotation as a Control Parameter for Poincar´e-Sphere Polarization States. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15(2):594-607. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1802057

Chicago

Tekin, Mahmud, Fatma Tambağ, and Koray Köksal. 2026. “Faraday Rotation As a Control Parameter for Poincar´e-Sphere Polarization States”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 (2): 594-607. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1802057.

EndNote

Tekin M, Tambağ F, Köksal K (June 1, 2026) Faraday Rotation as a Control Parameter for Poincar´e-Sphere Polarization States. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 2 594–607.

IEEE

[1]M. Tekin, F. Tambağ, and K. Köksal, “Faraday Rotation as a Control Parameter for Poincar´e-Sphere Polarization States”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 594–607, June 2026, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1802057.

ISNAD

Tekin, Mahmud - Tambağ, Fatma - Köksal, Koray. “Faraday Rotation As a Control Parameter for Poincar´e-Sphere Polarization States”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15/2 (June 1, 2026): 594-607. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1802057.

JAMA

1.Tekin M, Tambağ F, Köksal K. Faraday Rotation as a Control Parameter for Poincar´e-Sphere Polarization States. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15:594–607.

MLA

Tekin, Mahmud, et al. “Faraday Rotation As a Control Parameter for Poincar´e-Sphere Polarization States”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 594-07, doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1802057.

Vancouver

1.Mahmud Tekin, Fatma Tambağ, Koray Köksal. Faraday Rotation as a Control Parameter for Poincar´e-Sphere Polarization States. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026 Jun. 1;15(2):594-607. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1802057