Impact Wear Performance Of Fdm-Printed Pla: Influence Of Infill Pattern And Density

Mustafa Öcal; Caner Bulut; Tevfik Oğuzhan Ergüder

doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1817660

Impact Wear Performance Of Fdm-Printed Pla: Influence Of Infill Pattern And Density

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of infill pattern and infill density on the impact wear behavior of FDM-printed PLA specimens. Samples were manufactured using three internal architectures (cubic, gyroid, and triangular) at two infill densities (75% and 100%) and tested under cyclic impact loading conditions. Crater diameter, crater depth, and wear volume were quantified using three-dimensional optical profilometry. The results indicate that increasing the infill density significantly improved wear resistance by reducing crater dimensions and material loss. Among the investigated architectures, the triangular pattern exhibited the lowest wear volume (0.044 mm³) and the most stable crater morphology, indicating a more efficient load-transfer capability. Statistical analysis indicated that crater diameter was significantly affected by infill pattern and, in the two-way model, by infill density, whereas crater depth and wear volume showed non-significant but consistent trends. Contact mechanics analysis indicated that the calculated Hertzian contact pressures exceeded the yielding threshold of PLA, demonstrating that the wear process occurred in an elastic–plastic regime. Cross-sectional optical observations further revealed that damage evolution transitions from subsurface collapse in cubic structures to surface-confined deformation in triangular patterns. These findings highlight the critical role of internal architecture in determining the impact wear performance of additively manufactured polymer components.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This study complies with research and publication ethics.

Thanks

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Material Design and Behaviors

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mustafa Öcal ^*
0000-0002-6731-8561
Türkiye

Caner Bulut
0000-0001-5421-300X
Türkiye

Tevfik Oğuzhan Ergüder
0000-0002-8876-6152
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

November 4, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 1, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 15 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1817660

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA89NG95LZ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Öcal, M., Bulut, C., & Ergüder, T. O. (2026). Impact Wear Performance Of Fdm-Printed Pla: Influence Of Infill Pattern And Density. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(3), 1006-1025. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1817660

AMA

1.Öcal M, Bulut C, Ergüder TO. Impact Wear Performance Of Fdm-Printed Pla: Influence Of Infill Pattern And Density. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15(3):1006-1025. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1817660

Chicago

Öcal, Mustafa, Caner Bulut, and Tevfik Oğuzhan Ergüder. 2026. “Impact Wear Performance Of Fdm-Printed Pla: Influence Of Infill Pattern And Density”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 (3): 1006-25. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1817660.

EndNote

Öcal M, Bulut C, Ergüder TO (September 1, 2026) Impact Wear Performance Of Fdm-Printed Pla: Influence Of Infill Pattern And Density. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 3 1006–1025.

IEEE

[1]M. Öcal, C. Bulut, and T. O. Ergüder, “Impact Wear Performance Of Fdm-Printed Pla: Influence Of Infill Pattern And Density”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1006–1025, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1817660.

ISNAD

Öcal, Mustafa - Bulut, Caner - Ergüder, Tevfik Oğuzhan. “Impact Wear Performance Of Fdm-Printed Pla: Influence Of Infill Pattern And Density”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15/3 (September 1, 2026): 1006-1025. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1817660.

JAMA

1.Öcal M, Bulut C, Ergüder TO. Impact Wear Performance Of Fdm-Printed Pla: Influence Of Infill Pattern And Density. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15:1006–1025.

MLA

Öcal, Mustafa, et al. “Impact Wear Performance Of Fdm-Printed Pla: Influence Of Infill Pattern And Density”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 1006-25, doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1817660.

Vancouver

1.Mustafa Öcal, Caner Bulut, Tevfik Oğuzhan Ergüder. Impact Wear Performance Of Fdm-Printed Pla: Influence Of Infill Pattern And Density. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026 Sep. 1;15(3):1006-25. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1817660