Investigation of the Phytotoxic Effects of the Pyrethroid Tau-fluvalinate on Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae)

Adile Sarı; Fikret Sarı

doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1829103

Investigation of the Phytotoxic Effects of the Pyrethroid Tau-fluvalinate on Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae)

Abstract

The increasing use of pesticides in recent years is considered a threat to the environment and health. The current study intended to assess the potential phytotoxic impacts of tau-fluvalinate, a pyrethroid pesticide, on Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae) using germination and seedling development endpoints. For this purpose, germination percentage, relative seed germination, relative root growth, and germination index were determined for L. sativa seeds exposed to five different concentrations of tau-fluvalinate (12, 24, 48, 96, and 192 mg/L) for 48 h. Statistically significant differences were observed among the tested concentrations in terms of germination percentage, root and shoot length, relative seed germination, relative root growth, and germination index (p < 0.0001). Based on the calculated germination indices, the concentration of 12 mg/L was classified as non-phytotoxic but moderately inhibitory, 24 mg/L as moderately phytotoxic, and 48, 96, and 192 mg/L as highly phytotoxic. These findings indicate that tau-fluvalinate may pose environmental risks due to its acute toxic, sublethal, and phytotoxic effects, particularly at high concentrations. Furthermore, the results confirm that L. sativa is a sensitive and reliable bioindicator for assessing the phytotoxicity of synthetic pyrethroids.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Ethical Statement

The study is complied with research and publication ethics.

Thanks

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Ecotoxicology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Adile Sarı
0000-0002-8247-6103
Türkiye

Fikret Sarı ^*
0000-0002-6141-0690
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

November 24, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 13, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 15 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1829103

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA87FH62JG

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Sarı, A., & Sarı, F. (2026). Investigation of the Phytotoxic Effects of the Pyrethroid Tau-fluvalinate on Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae). Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 741-749. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1829103

AMA

1.Sarı A, Sarı F. Investigation of the Phytotoxic Effects of the Pyrethroid Tau-fluvalinate on Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae). Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15(2):741-749. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1829103

Chicago

Sarı, Adile, and Fikret Sarı. 2026. “Investigation of the Phytotoxic Effects of the Pyrethroid Tau-Fluvalinate on Lactuca Sativa (Asteraceae)”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 (2): 741-49. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1829103.

EndNote

Sarı A, Sarı F (June 1, 2026) Investigation of the Phytotoxic Effects of the Pyrethroid Tau-fluvalinate on Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae). Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 2 741–749.

IEEE

[1]A. Sarı and F. Sarı, “Investigation of the Phytotoxic Effects of the Pyrethroid Tau-fluvalinate on Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae)”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 741–749, June 2026, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1829103.

ISNAD

Sarı, Adile - Sarı, Fikret. “Investigation of the Phytotoxic Effects of the Pyrethroid Tau-Fluvalinate on Lactuca Sativa (Asteraceae)”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15/2 (June 1, 2026): 741-749. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1829103.

JAMA

1.Sarı A, Sarı F. Investigation of the Phytotoxic Effects of the Pyrethroid Tau-fluvalinate on Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae). Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15:741–749.

MLA

Sarı, Adile, and Fikret Sarı. “Investigation of the Phytotoxic Effects of the Pyrethroid Tau-Fluvalinate on Lactuca Sativa (Asteraceae)”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 741-9, doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1829103.

Vancouver

1.Adile Sarı, Fikret Sarı. Investigation of the Phytotoxic Effects of the Pyrethroid Tau-fluvalinate on Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae). Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026 Jun. 1;15(2):741-9. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1829103