Fuzzy Logic Based Prediction of Load–Displacement Behavior in CFRP Strengthened Precracked Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Beams

Nusret Bozkurt; Erden Ozan Karaca

doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1867468

Fuzzy Logic Based Prediction of Load–Displacement Behavior in CFRP Strengthened Precracked Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Beams

Abstract

In this study a fuzzy logic prediction model was developed using flexural strength data obtained from lightweight aggregate concrete beams strengthened with CFRP plates. The beams manufactured with three different initial crack depths were strengthened by bonding CFRP panels with varying surface areas. The objective here was to more clearly observe the effect of different crack depths representing different damage conditions and different CFRP surface areas on the experimental results. The load data at the moment of failure and the displacement values recorded up to failure obtained from the flexural tests conducted on these beams were used as a dataset for the fuzzy logic model. When the results of the developed model were compared with the experimental results an average percentage error of 6.83% for displacement results and 5.93% for load results was observed. Furthermore, the 99% correlation value between the fuzzy results and the experimental results demonstrates that the model can be used as a practical method for predicting the outcomes of specimens that could not be examined in the experimental study due to time, cost, and technical constraints.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

The study is complied with research and publication ethics.

Thanks

The authors declare that no specific funding, institutional support, or external assistance was received for this study.

References

N. K. S. Ali, S. Y. Mahfouz, and N. H. Amer, “Flexural response of concrete beams reinforced with steel and fiber reinforced polymers,” Buildings, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1–16, 2023.
Z. Wu, X. Wang, K. Iwashita, T. Sasaki, and Y. Hamaguchi, “Tensile fatigue behaviour of FRP and hybrid FRP sheets,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 396–402, 2010.
J. F. Chen and J. G. Teng, “Shear capacity of FRP-strengthened RC beams: FRP debonding,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 27–41, 2003.
Y. Yılmaz, T. Çakmak, Z. Kurt, and İ. Ustabaş, “A novel correlation study using Pearson and Spearman algorithms for mineral component-driven strength analysis of geopolymer,” Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 409–416, 2025.
Y. Yılmaz, T. Çakmak, Z. Kurt, and İ. Ustabaş, “Predicting mechanical properties in geopolymer mortars, including novel precursor combinations, through XGBoost method,” Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 50, pp. 2009–2033, 2025.
Z. Kurt, Y. Yılmaz, T. Çakmak, and İ. Ustabaş, “A novel framework for strength prediction of geopolymer mortar: Renovative precursor effect,” Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 76, pp. 1–15, 2023.
M. Kömür and M. Altan, “Fuzzy logic approach for damage assessment of seismic damaged buildings,” İTÜ Dergisi/d, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 43–52, 2005.
T. Uygunoğlu and O. Ünal, “Fuzzy logic approach on the effect of seyitömer fly ash on compressive strength of concrete,” Electronic Journal of Construction Technologies, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 13–20, 2005.

O. Özdemir and Y. Kalınkara, “Fuzzy logic: a content analysis for thesis and article studies between 2000-2020,” Acta INFOLOGICA, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 155–174, 2020.
T. Uygunoğlu and Ş. Yurtçu, “Use of artifical intelligence in civil engineering problems,” Electronic Journal of Construction Technologies, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 61–70, 2016.
M. Ç. Alkan, S. Terzi, S. Kasap, and M. G. Çakıroğlu, “Estimation of compressive strength of concrete using fuzzy logic method,” Electronic Journal of Construction Technologies, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1–8, 2016.
S. Subaşı, A. Beycioğlu, and M. Çullu, “Prediction of compressive strength on revibrated concrete using fuzzy logic and statistical based methods,” SDU International Journal of Technological Sciences, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 46–52, 2010.
A. Topsakal and C. Özel, “Modeling of fresh and hardened properties depend on placement time of self-compacting concrete by fuzzy logic,” Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2012.
M. A. Çakıroğlu, F. Kaya, and Ç. Y. Yedek, “Estimation of elasticity modulus of dry mix shotcrete with fuzzy logic method,” SDU International Technological Sciences, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 22–30, 2014.
G. Durmuş and Ö. Can, “The prediction of compressive strength of high temperature implemented additive concrete using fuzzy logic and regression methods,” Journal of Polytechnic, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 195–200, 2009.
H. Polat and C. Özel, “Estimation of compressive strength of concretes exposure to chemical attack and designed according to TS EN 206-1 using fuzzy logic method,” Electronic Journal of Construction Technologies, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 26–35, 2016.
S. Akkurt, G. Tayfur, and S. Can, “Fuzzy logic model for the prediction of cement compressive strength,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1429–1433, 2004.
S. Subaşı, A. Beycioğlu, and M. Emiroğlu, “Development of a split tensile strength estimation model on lightweight expanded clay aggregate concrete by using fuzzy logic,” Journal of Engineering and Architecture Faculty of Eskişehir Osmangazi University, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 157–166, 2009.
B. Koçak, Y. İ. Şahin, and Y. Koçak, “Prediction the effects of blast furnace slag on the flexural strengths of Portland cement with fuzzy logic and ANFIS,” Journal of ESTUDAM Information, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 17–24, 2023.
C. Özel, O. Soykan, and B. Zengin, “Determination of properties of marble dust containing concrete as filler material by fuzzy logic,” NWSA-Technological Applied Sciences, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 28–46, 2012.
S. Subaşı, A. Beycioğlu, and M. Emiroğlu, “Fuzzy logic approach at determining the setting time of the concrete including mineral admixture,” 5th International Symposium on Technologies (IATS’09), 13–15 May, Karabük, Türkiye, 2009.
U. Güvenç, B. Koçak, and Y. Koçak, “Prediction of the effects of metakaolin on the setting time of Portland composite cement with fuzzy logic,” Journal of ESTUDAM Information, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 29–34, 2021.
N. Bozkurt and E. O. Karaca, “Investigation of the usability of the fuzzy logic method in determining the strength results of the samples created by Bitlis region ignimbrites,” OKU Journal of The Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1834–1850, 2023.
N. Büyükkaracığan, M. N. Ödük, Y. Akyol, and H. Uzun, “Investigation of resistances of concrete produced with different cement blends by fuzzy logic method,” Selçuk University Journal of Social and Technical Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 79–86, 2011.
G. Tayfur, T. K. Erdem, and Ö. Kırca, “Strength prediction of high-strength concrete by fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 26, no. 11, 2013.
L. Liu, J. Li, K. J. Mohammed, E. Ali, T. Alkhalifah, F. Alturise, and R. Marzouki, “Novel modified ANFIS based fuzzy logic model for performance prediction of FRCM-to-concrete bond strength,” Advances in Engineering Software, vol. 182, 2023.
M. M. Satı, “A decision support system for the evaluation of transportation investments: a participatory approach using fuzzy logic,” Ph.D. Thesis, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2000.
S. Serin, N. Morova, Ş. Sargın, S. Terzi, and M. Saltan, “The fuzzy logic model for the prediction of Marshall stability of lightweight asphalt concretes fabricated using expanded clay aggregate,” Suleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Science, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 163–172, 2014.
E. Efeoğlu, “Rock classification with fuzzy logic algorithms,” Kırklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 469–477, 2023.
Y. Mao, L. Chen, Y. A. Nanehkaran, M. Azarafza, and R. Derakhshani, “Fuzzy-based intelligent model for rapid rock slope stability analysis using Qslope,” Water, vol. 15, 2023.
G. Değirmenci and M. N. Uğural, “Linear programming with fuzzy CPM: a case study in construction sector,” Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 466–481, 2022.
G. H. Al-Momen and R. Ghasemlounia, “Developing a fuzzy inference model for construction project risk management in Iraq,” Journal of Techniques, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1–14, 2023.
R. Canesi and C. D’Alpaos, “A fuzzy logic application to manage construction-cost escalation,” Buildings, vol. 14, no. 9, p. 3015, 2024.
Z. Şen, “Rapid visual earthquake hazard evaluation of existing buildings by fuzzy logic modeling,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 5653–5660, 2010.
M. A. Yıldız, F. Kipçak, and B. Erdil, “Evaluation of earthquake performance of reinforced concrete buildings with fuzzy logic method,” Bitlis Eren University Journal of Sciences, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 601–617, 2024.
M. Bilgehan and M. Altan, “Determination of seismic performance index of RC buildings with seismic index method by using fuzzy logic,” Journal of Technical Online, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 96–110, 2005.
L. Nurdoğan, “Determination of earthquake risk situations of buildings with fuzzy logic approach,” Master’s Thesis, Düzce University, Düzce, Türkiye, 2024.
A. K. Baltacıoğlu, A. Yavaş, Ö. Civalek, B. Öztürk, and B. Akgöz, “Using of fuzzy logic based expert systems for fast damage determination of structures after earthquake,” J. BAUN Inst. Sci. Technol., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 65–74, 2010.
N. Bektaş and O. Kegyes-Brassai, “Development in fuzzy logic-based rapid visual screening method for seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings,” Geosciences, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1–25, 2022.
E. Harirchian and T. Lahmer, “Improved rapid visual earthquake hazard safety evaluation of existing buildings using a type-2 fuzzy logic model,” Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 7, 2020.
A. Mangir and V. Okumus, “Pre-earthquake fuzzy logic-based rapid hazard assessment of reinforced concrete buildings,” Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 19, pp. 1–14, 2023.
F. Yu, S. Guo, S. Wang, and Y. Fang, “Experimental study on high pre-cracked RC beams shear-strengthened with CFRP strips,” Composite Structures, vol. 225, 2019.
L. Nguyen-Minh and M. Rovňák, “Size effect in uncracked and pre-cracked reinforced concrete beams shear-strengthened with composite jackets,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 78, pp. 361–376, 2015.
M. Arduini and A. Nanni, “Behavior of precracked RC beams strengthened with carbon FRP sheets,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 63–70, 1997.
J. G. Teng, S. T. Smith, J. Yao, and J. F. Chen, “Intermediate crack-induced debonding in RC beams and slabs,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 17, pp. 447–462, 2003.
T. C. Triantafillou and N. Plevris, “Strengthening of RC beams with epoxy-bonded fibre-composite materials,” Materials and Structures, vol. 25, pp. 201–211, 1992.
A. Khalifa, W. J. Gold, A. Nanni, and M. I. Abdel Aziz, “Contribution of externally bonded FRP to shear capacity of flexural members,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 195–203, 1998.
A. Jahami and C. A. Issa, “An Updated Review on the Effect of CFRP on Flexural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams,” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, vol. 18, no. 14, 2023.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Civil Construction Engineering, Construction Materials

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Nusret Bozkurt
0000-0002-3737-8205
Türkiye

Erden Ozan Karaca ^*
0000-0003-1111-1710
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

January 20, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 18, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 15 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1867468

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA73BS23SD

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Bozkurt, N., & Karaca, E. O. (2026). Fuzzy Logic Based Prediction of Load–Displacement Behavior in CFRP Strengthened Precracked Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Beams. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(3), 1147-1158. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1867468

AMA

1.Bozkurt N, Karaca EO. Fuzzy Logic Based Prediction of Load–Displacement Behavior in CFRP Strengthened Precracked Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Beams. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15(3):1147-1158. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1867468

Chicago

Bozkurt, Nusret, and Erden Ozan Karaca. 2026. “Fuzzy Logic Based Prediction of Load–Displacement Behavior in CFRP Strengthened Precracked Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Beams”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 (3): 1147-58. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1867468.

EndNote

Bozkurt N, Karaca EO (September 1, 2026) Fuzzy Logic Based Prediction of Load–Displacement Behavior in CFRP Strengthened Precracked Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Beams. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 3 1147–1158.

IEEE

[1]N. Bozkurt and E. O. Karaca, “Fuzzy Logic Based Prediction of Load–Displacement Behavior in CFRP Strengthened Precracked Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Beams”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1147–1158, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1867468.

ISNAD

Bozkurt, Nusret - Karaca, Erden Ozan. “Fuzzy Logic Based Prediction of Load–Displacement Behavior in CFRP Strengthened Precracked Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Beams”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15/3 (September 1, 2026): 1147-1158. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1867468.

JAMA

1.Bozkurt N, Karaca EO. Fuzzy Logic Based Prediction of Load–Displacement Behavior in CFRP Strengthened Precracked Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Beams. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15:1147–1158.

MLA

Bozkurt, Nusret, and Erden Ozan Karaca. “Fuzzy Logic Based Prediction of Load–Displacement Behavior in CFRP Strengthened Precracked Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Beams”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 1147-58, doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1867468.

Vancouver

1.Nusret Bozkurt, Erden Ozan Karaca. Fuzzy Logic Based Prediction of Load–Displacement Behavior in CFRP Strengthened Precracked Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Beams. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026 Sep. 1;15(3):1147-58. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1867468