Determination of Energy Absorption Capabilities of Shear Thickening Fluid Impregnated Aramid Fiber Fabrics for Ballistic Applications
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 887 - 893, 28.09.2023
Ali İmran Ayten
Öz
Low velocity impact behavior of shear thickening fluid (STF) impregnated aramid fabric having different number of layers had been investigating throughout this study to determine a relationship between number of layers and perforation energy. Firstly, STF solutions including polyethylene glycol, silica nanoparticles and ethanol were prepared by mixing a homogenizer. Solutions containing 20% silica nanoparticles by weight were used in this study. Rheological analysis was performed to observe thickening behavior of solution. After thickening behavior and critical shear rate was determined from rheological analysis, solution was impregnated into aramid fabric. Then, specimens having different number of layers from 1 to 8 were prepared for low velocity impact experiments. A drop weight impact test was applied at different energy levels and perforation energy was determined. Finally, a curve fitting equation was found to use it for potential energy absorption applications such as ballistic impact.
Destekleyen Kurum
Yalova Üniversitesi BAP birimi
Proje Numarası
2020/AP/0013
Teşekkür
This work was supported by Yalova University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP) (Project No: 2020/AP/0013). The author would like to express his thanks for funding.
Kaynakça
- [1] T. A. Hassan, V. K. Rangari, and S. Jeelani, "Synthesis, processing and characterization of shear thickening fluid (STF) impregnated fabric composites," Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 527, no. 12, pp. 2892-2899, 2010.
- [2] A. Majumdar, B. S. Butola, and A. Srivastava, "Optimal designing of soft body armour materials using shear thickening fluid," Materials & Design (1980-2015), vol. 46, pp. 191-198, 2013.
- [3] A. Haris, H. P. Lee, T. E. Tay, and V. B. C. Tan, "Shear thickening fluid impregnated ballistic fabric composites for shock wave mitigation," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 80, pp. 143-151, 2015.
- [4] W. Na et al., "Shear behavior of a shear thickening fluid-impregnated aramid fabrics at high shear rate," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 97, pp. 162-175, 2016.
- [5] N. Asija, H. Chouhan, S. A. Gebremeskel, and N. Bhatnagar, "High strain rate characterization of shear thickening fluids using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar technique," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 110, pp. 365-370, 2017.
- [6] S. Cao, Q. Chen, Y. Wang, S. Xuan, W. Jiang, and X. Gong, "High strain-rate dynamic mechanical properties of Kevlar fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluid," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 100, pp. 161-169, 2017.
- [7] M. Hasanzadeh, V. Mottaghitalab, M. Rezaei, and H. Babaei, "Numerical and experimental investigations into the response of STF-treated fabric composites undergoing ballistic impact," Thin-Walled Structures, vol. 119, pp. 700-706, 2017.
- [8] A. Majumdar, A. Laha, D. Bhattacharjee, and I. Biswas, "Tuning the structure of 3D woven aramid fabrics reinforced with shear thickening fluid for developing soft body armour," Composite Structures, vol. 178, pp. 415-425, 2017.
- [9] K. Fu, H. Wang, L. Chang, M. Foley, K. Friedrich, and L. Ye, "Low-velocity impact behaviour of a shear thickening fluid (STF) and STF-filled sandwich composite panels," Composites Science and Technology, vol. 165, pp. 74-83, 2018.
- [10] K. Fu, H. Wang, S. Wang, L. Chang, L. Shen, and L. Ye, "Compressive behaviour of shear-thickening fluid with concentrated polymers at high strain rates," Materials & Design, vol. 140, pp. 295-306, 2018.
- [11] A. Haris, H. P. Lee, and V. B. C. Tan, "An experimental study on shock wave mitigation capability of polyurea and shear thickening fluid based suspension pads," Defence Technology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 12-18, 2018.
- [12] Q. He, S. Cao, Y. Wang, S. Xuan, P. Wang, and X. Gong, "Impact resistance of shear thickening fluid/Kevlar composite treated with shear-stiffening gel," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 106, pp. 82-90, 2018.
- [13] X. Wu, K. Xiao, Q. Yin, F. Zhong, and C. Huang, "Experimental study on dynamic compressive behaviour of sandwich panel with shear thickening fluid filled pyramidal lattice truss core," International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 138-139, pp. 467-475, 2018.
- [14] V. A. Chatterjee, S. K. Verma, D. Bhattacharjee, I. Biswas, and S. Neogi, "Enhancement of energy absorption by incorporation of shear thickening fluids in 3D-mat sandwich composite panels upon ballistic impact," Composite Structures, vol. 225, 2019.
- [15] S. Sen, N. B. Jamal M, A. Shaw, and A. Deb, "Numerical investigation of ballistic performance of shear thickening fluid (STF)-Kevlar composite," International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 164, 2019.
- [16] C. Caglayan, I. Osken, A. Ataalp, H. S. Turkmen, and H. Cebeci, "Impact response of shear thickening fluid filled polyurethane foam core sandwich composites," Composite Structures, vol. 243, 2020.
- [17] L. Liu, Z. Yang, Z. Zhao, X. Liu, and W. Chen, "The influences of rheological property on the impact performance of kevlar fabrics impregnated with SiO2/PEG shear thickening fluid," Thin-Walled Structures, vol. 151, 2020.
- [18] C. Huang, L. Cui, Y. Liu, H. Xia, Y. Qiu, and Q.-Q. Ni, "Low-velocity drop weight impact behavior of Twaron® fabric investigated using experimental and numerical simulations," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 149, 2021.
- [19] M. R. Sheikhi and S. Gürgen, "Anti-impact design of multi-layer composites enhanced by shear thickening fluid," Composite Structures, vol. 279, 2022.
- [20] V. Mahesh, D. Harursampath, and V. Mahesh, "An experimental study on ballistic impact response of jute reinforced polyethylene glycol and nano silica based shear thickening fluid composite," Defence Technology, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 401-409, 2022.
- [21] C.-H. Shih, C.-P. Chang, Y.-M. Liu, Y.-L. Chen, and M.-D. Ger, "Ballistic Performance of Shear Thickening Fluids (STFs) Filled Paper Honeycomb Panel: Effects of Laminating Sequence and Rheological Property of STFs," Applied Composite Materials, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 201-218, 2021.
- [22] Y. S. Lee, E. D. Wetzel, and N. J. Wagner, "The ballistic impact characteristics of Kevlar woven fabrics impregnated with a colloidal shear thickening fluid," Journal of Materials Science, vol. 38, pp. 2825-2833, 2003.
- [23] A. F. Ávila, A. M. de Oliveira, S. G. Leão, and M. G. Martins, "Aramid fabric/nano-size dual phase shear thickening fluid composites response to ballistic impact," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 112, pp. 468-474, 2018.
- [24] S. Gürgen and M. C. Kuşhan, "The ballistic performance of aramid based fabrics impregnated with multi-phase shear thickening fluids," Polymer Testing, vol. 64, pp. 296-306, 2017.
- [25] S. Gürgen, W. Li, and M. C. Kuşhan, "The rheology of shear thickening fluids with various ceramic particle additives," Materials & Design, vol. 104, pp. 312-319, 2016.
- [26] A. Khodadadi, G. Liaghat, S. Vahid, A. R. Sabet, and H. Hadavinia, "Ballistic performance of Kevlar fabric impregnated with nanosilica/PEG shear thickening fluid," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 162, pp. 643-652, 2019.
- [27] J. Qin, B. Guo, L. Zhang, T. Wang, G. Zhang, and X. Shi, "Soft armor materials constructed with Kevlar fabric and a novel shear thickening fluid," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 183, 2020.