İHA Uygulamaları için Lityum-İyon Pil Sistemlerinin Performansı ve Termal Yönetimi: 1S1P, 2S2P, 2S1P ve 3S1P Konfigürasyonlarının Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışması

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 1362 - 1384, 30.09.2025

Metin Uzun , Sezer Çoban , Abdullah Kocamer , Sinan Keyinci

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1606366

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 1S1P, 2S1P, 2S2P ve 3S1P yapılandırmalarını karşılaştırarak İHA'lar için lityum iyon pil sistemlerinin performansını ve termal davranışını araştırır. Bu kurulumlar arasında voltaj kararlılığını, enerji verimliliğini ve termal yönetimi değerlendirir. Fiziksel baraları ortadan kaldıran yenilikçi bir sanal pil bağlantı teknolojisi tanıtılır ve ağırlık azaltma ve termal iletkenlik kayıplarını ele alır. Bu yöntem tasarım esnekliğini artırır, enerji verimliliğini iyileştirir ve sıcak noktaları en aza indirerek sistemleri daha hafif ve daha kompakt hale getirir.

Deneysel sonuçlar ve simülasyonlar, 1S1P gibi düşük kapasiteli sistemlerin yüksek deşarj oranlarında hızlı voltaj düşüşleri ve yoğun ısınma yaşadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Tersine, 2S2P ve 3S1P gibi yüksek kapasiteli yapılandırmalar üstün voltaj kararlılığı ve düzgün termal dağılım sağlayarak bunları yüksek talepli, uzun süreli uygulamalar için ideal hale getirir.

Termal yönetim, pil güvenliği ve uzun ömürlülüğü için kritik öneme sahiptir. Çalışma, eşit olmayan ısı dağılımının zararlı etkisini vurgular ve soğutma sistemleri ile faz değişim malzemelerinin entegre edilmesini önerir. Bu araştırma, lityum iyon pil tasarımını ve performansını optimize etmede sanal pil bağlantı teknolojisinin avantajlarını vurgular ve enerji yoğunluğu, termal kontrol ve operasyonel verimlilikte gelecekteki uygulamalara rehberlik eder. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, sanal bağlantıları aktif soğutma çözümleriyle birleştirmeyi araştırmalıdır.

Keywords

Lityum-iyon Batarya , sanal bağlantı , thermal management , battery packaging topology , gerilim performansı.

Comparative Evaluation of Thermal and Voltage Behavior of Multi-Topology Li-Ion Battery Packs For UAVs Using Virtual Interconnection Method

Abstract

This study comparatively investigates the electrical and thermal performances of four different lithium-ion battery configurations (1S1P, 2S1P, 2S2P, 3S1P) for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) at 0.5C-3C discharge rates. The main innovations of the study are as follows: (1) A new virtual connection method is developed that eliminates the need for physical busbars, which reduces the battery pack weight by ~15% while increasing the thermal uniformity by up to 20%. This method, validated by NTGK electrochemical-thermal model simulations and experimental studies, provides a significant advantage in the design of compact and lightweight energy systems for UAVs. (2) Parallel topologies (especially 2S2P) are shown to perform better than series-weighted configurations - voltage drop is limited to <5% at 3C discharge rate and thermal gradients are significantly reduced (ΔT < 2.2K, 4.0K for 1S1P). (3) The findings provide quantitative guidelines for UAV designers: 2S2P configuration in 3C increases the operation time by 25% compared to 2S1P, while 3S1P configuration exhibits superior voltage stability with a drop from 12.11V to 9.89V in 1080 seconds. These results clearly demonstrate that parallel configurations and hybrid cooling strategies should be adopted in high-performance UAV applications and provide guidance for future battery pack designs. The study provides significant contributions to the development of optimized battery systems, especially for long-range and high-payload UAVs.

Keywords

Lithium-ion battery , Virtual connection , Thermal management , Battery packaging topology , Voltage performance

Ethical Statement

The study is complied with research and publication ethics.

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