METCALFA PRUINOSA SAY (HEM.: FLATIDAE), CROESUS SEPTENTRIONALIS LINNAEUS (HYM.: TENTHREDINIDAE) VE ANOPLOPHORA CHINENSIS FORSTER (COL.: CERAMBYCIDAE)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 74 - 81, 01.01.2020

Celal Tuncer İsmail Oğuz Özdemir Rahman Kushiyev

Öz

In this study, four new insect pest species those are observed in hazelnut orchards of Turkey were discussed. Black timber bark beetle, Xylosandrus germanus belong to ambrosia beetles group became one of the serious pests of hazelnut trees in last years. This species attacks the healthy trees as well as debilitated ones by any reason. Adult emergence of this pest is seen from early April to September. This pest attack and bore holes to make galleries inside of trees and finally cause death of trees, with two other common ambrosia beetles in hazelnut orchards. The second species, Frosted moth-bug, Metcalfa pruinosa is very polyphagous species and reported years ago with a small numbers in country but it became very common in hazelnut orchards during the years of 2014-2018, as well as on many other plants. This pest feeds on young shoots and leaves of hazelnut, produces honeydew and cause fumagine. Another new pest species, Croesus septentrionalis was faunistically recorded years ago in country but never observed as a pest on hazelnut until last years. This species was observed as a pest in some hazelnut orchards of Marmara region during 2015-2016. The larvae of this pest gregariously feed on leaves of hazelnut during the summer period. Lastly, Anoplophora chinensis, an invasive and new species in country, was observed on hazelnut trees in Trabzon province, in 2018. Among them, X. germanus became very common in hazelnut orchards in short time and have economic importance. But M. pruinosa and C. septentrionalis does not seem having economic importance. A. chinensis is an important pest of some other plants and the damage potential on hazelnut trees must be monitored carefully in subsequent years. In this study, in addition to field observations, short descriptions, distributions, biology and damages of these four new pest species of hazelnut were given.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Black timber bark beetle, Hazel sawfly, Citrus longhorned beetle, Hazelnut, Insect, Invasive pests

TÜRKİYE FINDIK BAHÇELERİNDE YENİ ZARARLI TÜRLER: XYLOSANDRUS GERMANUS BLANDFORD (COL.: CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE)

Öz

Bu çalışmada son yıllarda Türkiye fındık bahçelerinde gözlenen dört yeni zararlı böcek türü ele alınmıştır. Yazıcı böcekler grubundan olan, Xylosandrus germanus son yıllarda fındıkta önemli bir zararlı haline gelen yeni bir türdür. Bu tür zayıf ağaçların yanı sıra sağlıklı ağaçlara da saldırmaktadır. Zararlının erginleri fındık bahçelerinde genel olarak nisan ayı başından eylül ayına kadar görülebilmektedir. Zararlı, ağaç içerisinde galeriler açarak ağaçların ölümüne sebep olabilmektedir. İkinci tür, Metcalfa pruinosa çok polifag bir tür olup, yıllar önce ülkemizde az sayıda görüldüğü kaydedilmekle birlikte, diğer pek çok bitkinin yanı sıra ülkemiz fındık bahçelerinde 2014-2018 yılları arasında çok yaygın hale gelmiştir. Bu zararlı fındığın genç sürgünlerini ve yapraklarını sokup-emerek beslenmekte ve aynı zamanda tatlı madde salgılayarak fumajine neden olmaktadır. Croesus septentrionalis (Fındık testereli arısı) yıllar önce ülkemiz faunasına kaydedilmiş olmasına rağmen son yıllara kadar fındıkta zararlı olduğu görülmemiştir. Bu tür 2015-2016 sezonunda Marmara bölgesinin bazı fındık bahçelerinde gözlemlenmiştir. Bu böceğin larvaları yaz boyunca fındık yaprakları üzerinde topluca beslenmektedir. Son olarak ülkemizde istilacı ve yeni bir tür olarak 2014 yılında tespit edilen Anoplophora chinensis (Turunçgil uzun antenli böceğ), 2018 yılında Trabzon ili fındık bahçelerinde yeni bir zararlı olarak gözlenmiştir. Bu zararlılar arasında X. germanus kısa süre içinde fındık bahçelerinde önemli bir zararlı haline gelmiştir. M. pruinosa ve C. septentrionalis ekonomik öneme sahip olarak gözükmemektedir. Turunçgil uzun antenli böceği önemli bir zararlı olup, fındıktaki zarar durumu ise sonraki yıllarda yakından takip edilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, fındık için yeni olan bu böcek türlerinin kısa tanımı, yayılışı, biyolojisi ve zararı ile ilgili bilgiler ve gözlemlere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yazıcı böcek, Fındık testereli arısı, Turunçgil uzun antenli böceği, Fındık, Böcek, İstilacı böcek

Kaynakça

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