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METCALFA PRUINOSA SAY (HEM.: FLATIDAE), CROESUS SEPTENTRIONALIS LINNAEUS (HYM.: TENTHREDINIDAE) VE ANOPLOPHORA CHINENSIS FORSTER (COL.: CERAMBYCIDAE)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 74 - 81, 01.01.2020

Öz

In this study, four new insect pest species those are observed in hazelnut orchards of Turkey were discussed. Black timber bark beetle, Xylosandrus germanus belong to ambrosia beetles group became one of the serious pests of hazelnut trees in last years. This species attacks the healthy trees as well as debilitated ones by any reason. Adult emergence of this pest is seen from early April to September. This pest attack and bore holes to make galleries inside of trees and finally cause death of trees, with two other common ambrosia beetles in hazelnut orchards. The second species, Frosted moth-bug, Metcalfa pruinosa is very polyphagous species and reported years ago with a small numbers in country but it became very common in hazelnut orchards during the years of 2014-2018, as well as on many other plants. This pest feeds on young shoots and leaves of hazelnut, produces honeydew and cause fumagine. Another new pest species, Croesus septentrionalis was faunistically recorded years ago in country but never observed as a pest on hazelnut until last years. This species was observed as a pest in some hazelnut orchards of Marmara region during 2015-2016. The larvae of this pest gregariously feed on leaves of hazelnut during the summer period. Lastly, Anoplophora chinensis, an invasive and new species in country, was observed on hazelnut trees in Trabzon province, in 2018. Among them, X. germanus became very common in hazelnut orchards in short time and have economic importance. But M. pruinosa and C. septentrionalis does not seem having economic importance. A. chinensis is an important pest of some other plants and the damage potential on hazelnut trees must be monitored carefully in subsequent years. In this study, in addition to field observations, short descriptions, distributions, biology and damages of these four new pest species of hazelnut were given.

Kaynakça

  • Ak K, Saruhan İ, Tuncer C, Akyol H, Kılıç A. 2011. Ordu İli Kivi bahçelerinde Yazıcı böcek (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) türlerinin tespiti ve zarar oranları. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, 1(4): 229-234.
  • Alford DV. 2012. Pests of ornamental trees, shrubs and flowers: a colour handbook. CRC Press.
  • Alford DV.2016. Pests of fruit crops: a colour handbook. CRC press.Alma A, Ferracini C, Burgio G, 2005. Development of a sequential plant to evaluate Neodryinus typhlocybae (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) population associated with Metcalfa pruinosa (Say) (Homoptera: Flatidae) infestation in Northwestern Italy. Environ Entomol, 34 (4): 819-824.
  • Anonymous. 2009. https://www.cbd.int/idb/2009/about/causes/ (erişim tarihi: 12.02.2018).
  • Anonymous. 2016a. http://www.kib.org.tr/files/downloads/ulke2016.pdf (erişim tarihi: 09.02.2018).
  • Anonymous. (2016b) http://koop.gtb.gov.tr/data/58e5f49b1a79f54dd851b458/2016%20F%C4%B1nd%C4%B1k%20Raporu.pdf (erişim tarihi: 09.02.2018).
  • Anonymous. 2018. Invasive species. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species (erişim tarihi: 18.09.2018).
  • Bagnoli B, Lucchi A. 2000. Dannosità e misure di controllo integrato, 65-88. In, A. Lucchi (Editor). La Metcalfa negli ecosistemi italiani. Agenzia Regionale per lo Svilluppo e l’Innovazione nel settore Agricolo-forestale, Firenze, Italy. p 163.
  • Benson RB. 1968. Hymenoptera from Turkey, Symphyta. Bulletin of the British Museum (N.H.) Entomol, 22(4): 4-207.
  • Bertaccini A, Vibio M, Lee IM, Davis RE. 1994. Molecular characterization of mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) infecting fruit trees and grapevine in Italy. Proceedings 9th Congress of Mediterranean Phytopathological Union, Kusadasi-Aydin (Turkiye), 63-65.
  • Bruge H. 1995. Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894) (Belg. sp. nov.) (Coleoptera Scolytidae). In Bulletin & Annales de la Société Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 131(2): 249-264. CABI. 2015. Metcalfa pruinosa (frosted moth-bug). In: Invasive species compendium. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/35054 (erişim tarihi: 01.03.2015). Ciampolini M, Grossi A, Zottarelli G. 1987. Damage to soyabean through attack by Metcalfa pruinosa. Inf Agrar, 43: 101-103.
  • Çalmaşur Ö, Özbek H. 2004. A contribution to the knowledge of Tenthredinidae (Symphyta, Hymenoptera) fauna of Turkey part II: subfamilies Blennocampinae, Dolerinae, Nematinae and Selandrinae. Turkish J Zool, 28 (1): 55-71.
  • Çanakçıoğlu H, Mol T. 1998. Orman entomolojisi, zararli ve yararli böcekler. İst Üniv Orman Fak Yay İstanbul.
  • Della Giustina W, Navarro E. 1993. Metcalfa pruinosa, un nouvel envahisseur? Phytoma, 30-30.
  • Donati I, Mauri S, Buriani G, Cellini A, Spinelli F. 2017. Role of Metcalfa pruinosa as a vector for Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. The Plant Pathology J, 33 (6): 554.
  • Duso C. 1984. Infestazione di Metcalfa pruinosa nel Veneto. Informatore Fitopatologico, 34: 11-14.
  • Duso C, Pavan F. 1987. The occurrence of Metcalfa pruinosa (Say) in Italy. In: Vidano C, Arzone A (eds) Proceedings 6th Auchenorrhyncha meeting, Turin, Italy, 545-552 p.
  • FAO. 2009. Global review forest pests and diseases. FAO Forestry Paper 156, Rome, Italy. 24 pp.
  • FAO. 2018. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x4484e/x4484e03.htm. Access date:29.01.2018.
  • Girolami V, Conte L, Camporese P, Benuzzi M, Martir G.R, Dradi D. 1996. Possibilita di controllo biologico della Metcalfa pruinosa. Informatore Agrario, 52, 25.
  • Greatti M, Girolami V. 1994. Efficacia di soluzioni dilavanti nel controllo degli stadi giovanili di Metcalfa pruinosa (Say). L'Informatore AgTario 50 (21): 77-79.
  • Groschke F. 1953. Der «schwarze Nutzholzborkenkäfer», Xylosandrus germanus Blandf., ein neuer Schädling in Deutschland. J Applied Entomol, 34(2): 297-302.
  • Gogan A, Grozea I, Virteiu AM. 2010. Metcalfa pruinosa Say (Insecta: Homoptera: Flatidae) – first occurrence in western part of Romania. Res J Agric Sci, 42: 63-67.
  • Güncan A. 2014. Türkiye kivi bahçelerinde yeni bir zararlı, Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830) (Hemiptera: Flatidae). Akademik Ziraat Derg, 3 (1): 41-44. Hill DS. 2012. The economic importance of insects. Springer Science & Business Media. Hizal E, Arslangündoğdu Z, Göç A, Ak M. 2015. Türkiye istilacı yabancı böcek faunasına yeni bir kayıt Anoplophora chinensis (Forster, 1771) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). J Fac Forest Istanbul Univ, 65(1): 7-10. Hizal E, Arslangundogdu Z. 2017. Biological observations for invasive and exotic insect species Anoplophora chinensis (Forster, 1771. J Fac Forest Istanbul Univ, 67(2): 227-234. Ioachim E, Bobarnac B. 1996. Research on the hazelnut pests in Romania. In IV International Symposium on Hazelnut, p 527-536.
  • Karsavuran Y, Güçlü S. 2004. Türkiye faunası için yeni bir zararlı tür, Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830) (Homoptera: Flatidae). Türkiye Entomol Derg, 28 (3): 209-212.
  • Lee IM, Bertaccini A, Vibio M, Gundersen DE. 1995. Detection of multiple phytoplasmas in perennial fruit trees with decline symptoms in Italy. Phytopathol, 85: 728-735.
  • Lingafelter SW, Hoebeke ER. 2002. Revision of the genus Anoplophora (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Entomol Soc Wash, Washington, 236 pp.
  • Lowe S, Browne M, Boudjelas S, De Poorter M. 2000. 100 of the World’s worst invasive alien species a selection from the global invasive species database. Published by The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) a specialist group of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), 12pp. First published as special lift-out in Aliens 12, December 2000. Updated and reprinted version: November 2004.
  • Lucchi A, Santini L, 2002. Aspetti fisiologici e morfo-funzionali in Metcalfa pruinosa (Hom.: Fulgoroidea) con riferimento agli effetti prodotti sulle produzioni agricole e sulle alberature ornamentali. Atti della Accademia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia Rendiconti, 49: 131-147.
  • Maspero M, Jucker M, Colombo C, Ciampitti M, Cavagna M, Caremi B. 2005. The Longhorn Beetle Anoplophora chinensis (form malasiaca), a new pest of woody ornamentals in Italy, Plant protection and plant health in Europe: introduction and spread of invasive species. Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. 255-256 pp.
  • Metcalf ZP, Bruner SC. 1948. Cuban Flatidae with new species from adjacent regions. Annals Entomol Soc America, 41: 63-118.
  • Nicoli G. 1997. Biological control of exotic pests in Italy: recent experiences and perspectives. OEPP/EPPO Bull, 27: 69-75.
  • Oliver JB, Mannion CM. 2001. Ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) species attacking chestnut and captured in ethanol-baited traps in middle Tennessee. Environ Entomol, 30(5): 909-918.
  • Poggi Pollini C, Giunchedi L. 1993. MLOs and suspected MLO diseases in fruit trees in Emilia-Romagna and Veneto. Phytopath Med, 32: 65-66.
  • Preda C, Skolka M. 2011. Range expansion of Metcalfa pruinosa (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) in Southeastern Europe. Ecol Balkanica, 3: 79-87.
  • Prince JP, Davis RE, Wolf TK, Lee IM, Mögen BD, Dally EL, Bertaccini A, Credi R, Barba M. 1993. Molecular detection of diverse mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with grapevine yellows and their classification with aster yellows, X-disease, and elm yellows MLOs. Phytopathol, 83: 1130-11.
  • Ranger CM, Reding ME, Schultz PB, Oliver JB, Frank SD, Addesso KM, Chong JH, Sampson B, Werle C, Gill S, Krause C. 2016. Biology, ecology, and management of nonnative ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental plant nurseries. J Int Pest Manag, 7(1): 9 1-23.
  • Sądej W, Nietupski M, Markuszewski B. 2012. Entomofauna of hazelnut plantation in the north‐eastern regions of Poland Entomofauna leszczyny uprawianej w północno‐wschodniej Polsce. Progress Plant Protect, 52 (4): 854-858.
  • Souliotis C, Papanikolaou NE, Papachristos D, Fatouros N. 2008. Host plants of the planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa (Say)(Hemiptera: Flatidae) and observations on its phenology in Greece. Hellenic Plant Protect J, 1 (1): 39-41.
  • Strauss G. 2010. Pest risk analysis of Metcalfa pruinosa in Austria. J Pest Sci, 83: 381-390.
  • Tuncer C, Ecevit O. 1997. Current status of hazelnut pest in Turkey. Acta Hort, 445: 545-552.
  • Tuncer C, Akça I, Saruhan I, Ak K. 2016. Fındıkta Zararlı Olan Yazıcı Böceklere (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Karşı Mücadelede Tuzak Etkinliğinin Artırılması ve Semiokimyasal Destekli Tuzak Bitki Yönteminin Geliştirilmesi. 2012-2016. TUBİTAK-1001-117O788 Proje Sonuç raporu.
  • Tuncer C, Knizek M, Hulcr J. 2017. Scolytinae in hazelnut orchards of Turkey: clarification of species and identification key (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). ZooKeys, 710: 65-76.
  • Tuncer C, Kushiyev R, Erper I. 2018. Determination of fungal flora on Anisandrus dispar Fabricius and Xylosandrus germanus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Acta Horticulture, 1226.
  • Wang Q, Chen LY, Zeng WY, Li JS. 1996. Reproductive behaviour of Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), a serious pest of citrus. The Entomologist, 115: 40-49.
  • Weber BC, McPherson JE. 1983a. Life history of the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 76 (3): 455-462.
  • Weber BC, McPherson JE. 1983b. World list of host plants of Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Coleopterists' Bulletin, 114-134.
  • Wilson SW, Lucchi A. 2001. Distribution and ecology of Metcalfa pruinosa and associated planthoppers in North America (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Atti dell' Acad. Naz. Italiana di Entomol. Rendiconti, 49: 121-130.
  • Wilson SW, Lucchi A. 2007. Feeding activity of the flatid planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 80(2): 175-178.
  • Vlad M, Grozea I. 2016. Host plant species of the cicada Metcalfa pruinosa in Romania. Bulletin UASVM series Agriculture, 73 (1): 131-137.
  • Zangheri S, Donadini P. 1980. Comparsa nel Veneto di un omottero neartico: Metcalfa pruinosa Say (Homoptera, Flatidae). Redia, 63: 301-305.

TÜRKİYE FINDIK BAHÇELERİNDE YENİ ZARARLI TÜRLER: XYLOSANDRUS GERMANUS BLANDFORD (COL.: CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 74 - 81, 01.01.2020

Öz

Bu çalışmada son yıllarda Türkiye fındık bahçelerinde gözlenen dört yeni zararlı böcek türü ele alınmıştır. Yazıcı böcekler grubundan olan, Xylosandrus germanus son yıllarda fındıkta önemli bir zararlı haline gelen yeni bir türdür. Bu tür zayıf ağaçların yanı sıra sağlıklı ağaçlara da saldırmaktadır. Zararlının erginleri fındık bahçelerinde genel olarak nisan ayı başından eylül ayına kadar görülebilmektedir. Zararlı, ağaç içerisinde galeriler açarak ağaçların ölümüne sebep olabilmektedir. İkinci tür, Metcalfa pruinosa çok polifag bir tür olup, yıllar önce ülkemizde az sayıda görüldüğü kaydedilmekle birlikte, diğer pek çok bitkinin yanı sıra ülkemiz fındık bahçelerinde 2014-2018 yılları arasında çok yaygın hale gelmiştir. Bu zararlı fındığın genç sürgünlerini ve yapraklarını sokup-emerek beslenmekte ve aynı zamanda tatlı madde salgılayarak fumajine neden olmaktadır. Croesus septentrionalis (Fındık testereli arısı) yıllar önce ülkemiz faunasına kaydedilmiş olmasına rağmen son yıllara kadar fındıkta zararlı olduğu görülmemiştir. Bu tür 2015-2016 sezonunda Marmara bölgesinin bazı fındık bahçelerinde gözlemlenmiştir. Bu böceğin larvaları yaz boyunca fındık yaprakları üzerinde topluca beslenmektedir. Son olarak ülkemizde istilacı ve yeni bir tür olarak 2014 yılında tespit edilen Anoplophora chinensis (Turunçgil uzun antenli böceğ), 2018 yılında Trabzon ili fındık bahçelerinde yeni bir zararlı olarak gözlenmiştir. Bu zararlılar arasında X. germanus kısa süre içinde fındık bahçelerinde önemli bir zararlı haline gelmiştir. M. pruinosa ve C. septentrionalis ekonomik öneme sahip olarak gözükmemektedir. Turunçgil uzun antenli böceği önemli bir zararlı olup, fındıktaki zarar durumu ise sonraki yıllarda yakından takip edilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, fındık için yeni olan bu böcek türlerinin kısa tanımı, yayılışı, biyolojisi ve zararı ile ilgili bilgiler ve gözlemlere yer verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Ak K, Saruhan İ, Tuncer C, Akyol H, Kılıç A. 2011. Ordu İli Kivi bahçelerinde Yazıcı böcek (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) türlerinin tespiti ve zarar oranları. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, 1(4): 229-234.
  • Alford DV. 2012. Pests of ornamental trees, shrubs and flowers: a colour handbook. CRC Press.
  • Alford DV.2016. Pests of fruit crops: a colour handbook. CRC press.Alma A, Ferracini C, Burgio G, 2005. Development of a sequential plant to evaluate Neodryinus typhlocybae (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) population associated with Metcalfa pruinosa (Say) (Homoptera: Flatidae) infestation in Northwestern Italy. Environ Entomol, 34 (4): 819-824.
  • Anonymous. 2009. https://www.cbd.int/idb/2009/about/causes/ (erişim tarihi: 12.02.2018).
  • Anonymous. 2016a. http://www.kib.org.tr/files/downloads/ulke2016.pdf (erişim tarihi: 09.02.2018).
  • Anonymous. (2016b) http://koop.gtb.gov.tr/data/58e5f49b1a79f54dd851b458/2016%20F%C4%B1nd%C4%B1k%20Raporu.pdf (erişim tarihi: 09.02.2018).
  • Anonymous. 2018. Invasive species. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species (erişim tarihi: 18.09.2018).
  • Bagnoli B, Lucchi A. 2000. Dannosità e misure di controllo integrato, 65-88. In, A. Lucchi (Editor). La Metcalfa negli ecosistemi italiani. Agenzia Regionale per lo Svilluppo e l’Innovazione nel settore Agricolo-forestale, Firenze, Italy. p 163.
  • Benson RB. 1968. Hymenoptera from Turkey, Symphyta. Bulletin of the British Museum (N.H.) Entomol, 22(4): 4-207.
  • Bertaccini A, Vibio M, Lee IM, Davis RE. 1994. Molecular characterization of mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) infecting fruit trees and grapevine in Italy. Proceedings 9th Congress of Mediterranean Phytopathological Union, Kusadasi-Aydin (Turkiye), 63-65.
  • Bruge H. 1995. Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894) (Belg. sp. nov.) (Coleoptera Scolytidae). In Bulletin & Annales de la Société Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 131(2): 249-264. CABI. 2015. Metcalfa pruinosa (frosted moth-bug). In: Invasive species compendium. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/35054 (erişim tarihi: 01.03.2015). Ciampolini M, Grossi A, Zottarelli G. 1987. Damage to soyabean through attack by Metcalfa pruinosa. Inf Agrar, 43: 101-103.
  • Çalmaşur Ö, Özbek H. 2004. A contribution to the knowledge of Tenthredinidae (Symphyta, Hymenoptera) fauna of Turkey part II: subfamilies Blennocampinae, Dolerinae, Nematinae and Selandrinae. Turkish J Zool, 28 (1): 55-71.
  • Çanakçıoğlu H, Mol T. 1998. Orman entomolojisi, zararli ve yararli böcekler. İst Üniv Orman Fak Yay İstanbul.
  • Della Giustina W, Navarro E. 1993. Metcalfa pruinosa, un nouvel envahisseur? Phytoma, 30-30.
  • Donati I, Mauri S, Buriani G, Cellini A, Spinelli F. 2017. Role of Metcalfa pruinosa as a vector for Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. The Plant Pathology J, 33 (6): 554.
  • Duso C. 1984. Infestazione di Metcalfa pruinosa nel Veneto. Informatore Fitopatologico, 34: 11-14.
  • Duso C, Pavan F. 1987. The occurrence of Metcalfa pruinosa (Say) in Italy. In: Vidano C, Arzone A (eds) Proceedings 6th Auchenorrhyncha meeting, Turin, Italy, 545-552 p.
  • FAO. 2009. Global review forest pests and diseases. FAO Forestry Paper 156, Rome, Italy. 24 pp.
  • FAO. 2018. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x4484e/x4484e03.htm. Access date:29.01.2018.
  • Girolami V, Conte L, Camporese P, Benuzzi M, Martir G.R, Dradi D. 1996. Possibilita di controllo biologico della Metcalfa pruinosa. Informatore Agrario, 52, 25.
  • Greatti M, Girolami V. 1994. Efficacia di soluzioni dilavanti nel controllo degli stadi giovanili di Metcalfa pruinosa (Say). L'Informatore AgTario 50 (21): 77-79.
  • Groschke F. 1953. Der «schwarze Nutzholzborkenkäfer», Xylosandrus germanus Blandf., ein neuer Schädling in Deutschland. J Applied Entomol, 34(2): 297-302.
  • Gogan A, Grozea I, Virteiu AM. 2010. Metcalfa pruinosa Say (Insecta: Homoptera: Flatidae) – first occurrence in western part of Romania. Res J Agric Sci, 42: 63-67.
  • Güncan A. 2014. Türkiye kivi bahçelerinde yeni bir zararlı, Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830) (Hemiptera: Flatidae). Akademik Ziraat Derg, 3 (1): 41-44. Hill DS. 2012. The economic importance of insects. Springer Science & Business Media. Hizal E, Arslangündoğdu Z, Göç A, Ak M. 2015. Türkiye istilacı yabancı böcek faunasına yeni bir kayıt Anoplophora chinensis (Forster, 1771) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). J Fac Forest Istanbul Univ, 65(1): 7-10. Hizal E, Arslangundogdu Z. 2017. Biological observations for invasive and exotic insect species Anoplophora chinensis (Forster, 1771. J Fac Forest Istanbul Univ, 67(2): 227-234. Ioachim E, Bobarnac B. 1996. Research on the hazelnut pests in Romania. In IV International Symposium on Hazelnut, p 527-536.
  • Karsavuran Y, Güçlü S. 2004. Türkiye faunası için yeni bir zararlı tür, Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830) (Homoptera: Flatidae). Türkiye Entomol Derg, 28 (3): 209-212.
  • Lee IM, Bertaccini A, Vibio M, Gundersen DE. 1995. Detection of multiple phytoplasmas in perennial fruit trees with decline symptoms in Italy. Phytopathol, 85: 728-735.
  • Lingafelter SW, Hoebeke ER. 2002. Revision of the genus Anoplophora (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Entomol Soc Wash, Washington, 236 pp.
  • Lowe S, Browne M, Boudjelas S, De Poorter M. 2000. 100 of the World’s worst invasive alien species a selection from the global invasive species database. Published by The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) a specialist group of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), 12pp. First published as special lift-out in Aliens 12, December 2000. Updated and reprinted version: November 2004.
  • Lucchi A, Santini L, 2002. Aspetti fisiologici e morfo-funzionali in Metcalfa pruinosa (Hom.: Fulgoroidea) con riferimento agli effetti prodotti sulle produzioni agricole e sulle alberature ornamentali. Atti della Accademia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia Rendiconti, 49: 131-147.
  • Maspero M, Jucker M, Colombo C, Ciampitti M, Cavagna M, Caremi B. 2005. The Longhorn Beetle Anoplophora chinensis (form malasiaca), a new pest of woody ornamentals in Italy, Plant protection and plant health in Europe: introduction and spread of invasive species. Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. 255-256 pp.
  • Metcalf ZP, Bruner SC. 1948. Cuban Flatidae with new species from adjacent regions. Annals Entomol Soc America, 41: 63-118.
  • Nicoli G. 1997. Biological control of exotic pests in Italy: recent experiences and perspectives. OEPP/EPPO Bull, 27: 69-75.
  • Oliver JB, Mannion CM. 2001. Ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) species attacking chestnut and captured in ethanol-baited traps in middle Tennessee. Environ Entomol, 30(5): 909-918.
  • Poggi Pollini C, Giunchedi L. 1993. MLOs and suspected MLO diseases in fruit trees in Emilia-Romagna and Veneto. Phytopath Med, 32: 65-66.
  • Preda C, Skolka M. 2011. Range expansion of Metcalfa pruinosa (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) in Southeastern Europe. Ecol Balkanica, 3: 79-87.
  • Prince JP, Davis RE, Wolf TK, Lee IM, Mögen BD, Dally EL, Bertaccini A, Credi R, Barba M. 1993. Molecular detection of diverse mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with grapevine yellows and their classification with aster yellows, X-disease, and elm yellows MLOs. Phytopathol, 83: 1130-11.
  • Ranger CM, Reding ME, Schultz PB, Oliver JB, Frank SD, Addesso KM, Chong JH, Sampson B, Werle C, Gill S, Krause C. 2016. Biology, ecology, and management of nonnative ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental plant nurseries. J Int Pest Manag, 7(1): 9 1-23.
  • Sądej W, Nietupski M, Markuszewski B. 2012. Entomofauna of hazelnut plantation in the north‐eastern regions of Poland Entomofauna leszczyny uprawianej w północno‐wschodniej Polsce. Progress Plant Protect, 52 (4): 854-858.
  • Souliotis C, Papanikolaou NE, Papachristos D, Fatouros N. 2008. Host plants of the planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa (Say)(Hemiptera: Flatidae) and observations on its phenology in Greece. Hellenic Plant Protect J, 1 (1): 39-41.
  • Strauss G. 2010. Pest risk analysis of Metcalfa pruinosa in Austria. J Pest Sci, 83: 381-390.
  • Tuncer C, Ecevit O. 1997. Current status of hazelnut pest in Turkey. Acta Hort, 445: 545-552.
  • Tuncer C, Akça I, Saruhan I, Ak K. 2016. Fındıkta Zararlı Olan Yazıcı Böceklere (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Karşı Mücadelede Tuzak Etkinliğinin Artırılması ve Semiokimyasal Destekli Tuzak Bitki Yönteminin Geliştirilmesi. 2012-2016. TUBİTAK-1001-117O788 Proje Sonuç raporu.
  • Tuncer C, Knizek M, Hulcr J. 2017. Scolytinae in hazelnut orchards of Turkey: clarification of species and identification key (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). ZooKeys, 710: 65-76.
  • Tuncer C, Kushiyev R, Erper I. 2018. Determination of fungal flora on Anisandrus dispar Fabricius and Xylosandrus germanus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Acta Horticulture, 1226.
  • Wang Q, Chen LY, Zeng WY, Li JS. 1996. Reproductive behaviour of Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), a serious pest of citrus. The Entomologist, 115: 40-49.
  • Weber BC, McPherson JE. 1983a. Life history of the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 76 (3): 455-462.
  • Weber BC, McPherson JE. 1983b. World list of host plants of Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Coleopterists' Bulletin, 114-134.
  • Wilson SW, Lucchi A. 2001. Distribution and ecology of Metcalfa pruinosa and associated planthoppers in North America (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Atti dell' Acad. Naz. Italiana di Entomol. Rendiconti, 49: 121-130.
  • Wilson SW, Lucchi A. 2007. Feeding activity of the flatid planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 80(2): 175-178.
  • Vlad M, Grozea I. 2016. Host plant species of the cicada Metcalfa pruinosa in Romania. Bulletin UASVM series Agriculture, 73 (1): 131-137.
  • Zangheri S, Donadini P. 1980. Comparsa nel Veneto di un omottero neartico: Metcalfa pruinosa Say (Homoptera, Flatidae). Redia, 63: 301-305.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Reviews
Yazarlar

Celal Tuncer 0000-0002-9014-8003

İsmail Oğuz Özdemir 0000-0001-9095-2109

Rahman Kushiyev 0000-0002-5298-7017

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Haziran 2019
Kabul Tarihi 3 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tuncer, C., Özdemir, İ. O., & Kushiyev, R. (2020). TÜRKİYE FINDIK BAHÇELERİNDE YENİ ZARARLI TÜRLER: XYLOSANDRUS GERMANUS BLANDFORD (COL.: CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE). Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 3(1), 74-81.

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