Optimal Location of Energy Storage Systems on Alternative Current Micro-grids

Öz

This study addresses the problem of optimal positioning of energy storage systems in the AA micro-grids to minimize electrical generation costs and smooth the conventional generation profile based on generation methods and consumption behaviors. In addition to the physical and operational restrictions of distribution networks, restrictions in generation plants are also included in the problem formulation. The problem has been expanded by including power plants with regular generation intervals, such as traditional power plants, as well as renewable energy sources with irregular generation intervals, such as wind turbines, in alternative current (AC) micro-grids. In order to make the problem considering the non-convex and non-linear constraints solvable, reformulation of the power flow equations is needed to reformulate in higher dimensional space. A mixed-integer non-linear programming framework for handling the non-convex power flow equations, and binary decision variables accounting for the energy storage system placement has been developed. Obtaining optimal location of energy storage systems plays a critical role in smoothing the conventional generation profile and maintains energy reliability. The performance of the proposed optimal energy storage placement algorithm has been verified on IEEE 9-bus benchmark.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• AC Micro-grids
• Energy storage systems
• Mixed-integer non-linear programming
• Mixed-integer second order-cone programming
• Convex optimization

Alternatif Akım Mikro-şebekelerde Enerji Depolama Sistemlerinin Konum Optimizasyonu

Öz

Bu çalışma, üretim yöntemleri ve tüketim davranışlarına göre elektrik üretim maliyetlerini en aza indirmek ve geleneksel üretim profilini düzleştirmek için alternatif akım (AA) mikro-şebekedeki enerji depolama sistemlerinin optimum konumlandırılması problemini ele almaktadır. Dağıtım şebekelerinin fiziksel ve operasyonel kısıtlarının yanında üretim santrallerindeki kısıtlarda probleme dahil edilmiştir. Geleneksel üretim santralleri gibi düzenli üretim aralıklarına sahip santrallerin yanı sıra rüzgâr türbinleri gibi düzensiz üretim aralıklarına sahip yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları da AA mikro-şebeke yapısına dahil edilerek enerji depolama sistemlerinin optimal konumlandırılması problemi genişletilmiştir. Problemin doğrusal ve konveks olmayan kısıtları göz önüne alındığında çözümünü mümkün kılmak için güç akış denklemlerinin bir üst boyut uzayında ifade edilmesi gerekmektedir. Konveks ve doğrusal olmayan güç akış denklemleri ve ikili karar değişkenini içeren enerji depolama sistemlerinin konumlandırılması için karmaşık tam sayılı doğrusal olmayan programlama çerçevesi geliştirilmiştir. Enerji depolama sistemlerinin konumlarının optimum olarak bulunması, geleneksel üreteçlerin üretim profillerinin düzleştirilmesini sağlar ve şebekede enerji sürekliliğinin sağlanmasında kritik rol oynar. Önerilen optimum enerji depolama sisteminin yerleşimi algoritması, IEEE 9-baralı test sistemine uygulanarak performansı doğrulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• AA mikro-şebekeler
• Enerji depolama sistemleri
• Karmaşık tam sayılı doğrusal olmayan programlama
• Karmaşık tam sayılı ikinci dereceden konik programlama
• Konveks optimizasyon

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