An Investigation of Motivation Sources and Problems of The Learners of Turkish as A Foreign Language
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 674 - 686, 31.07.2024
Ebru Kızıltaş
,
Mehmet Yalçın Yılmaz
Öz
This study mainly investigates the motivation sources of learners of Turkish as a foreign language (TFL) have across genders. For this aim, participants from Turkish language centres in Türkiye were recruited through convenience random sampling. Within the framework of the socio-educational model and self-determination theory, the participants were asked to complete a survey on motivation sources and problems. The results indicated no statistically significant difference in terms of motivation sources and problems. When items were examined separately, the highest mean of the leaners’ answers was in communication need. Communication with the community is one of the components of Gardner’s integrative motivation. This leads us to think that learners of Turkish as a foreign language mainly have integrative motivation. When the results were compared by gender, statistically significant difference was found in one item of motivation problems subdimension. Male participants were found to think language learning is an ability and females are much better on this issue. By examining the results of current study, suggestions are made in the last part of the paper to enhance the quality of learning.
Kaynakça
- Abubakarı, A. (2016). Türkçe öğrenen yabancı öğrencilerle İngilizce öğrenen Türk öğrencilerin motivasyon durumlarının karşılaştırılması [Doctoral dissertation, Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Eğitimde Psikolojik Hizmetler Anabilim Dalı].
- Acat, M., & B., Demiral, İ. O. S. (2002). Türkiye’de yabancı dil öğreniminde motivasyon kaynakları ve sorunları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 31(31), 312-329.
- Akram, M., & Ghani, M. (2013). Gender and language learning motivation. Academic Research International, 4(2), 536.
- Al Othman, F. H., & Shuqair, K. M. (2013). The Impact of Motivation on English Language Learning in the Gulf States. International Journal of Higher Education, 2(4), 123-130.
- Alizadeh, M. (2016). The impact of motivation on English language learning. International Journal of Research in English Education, 1(1), 11-15.
- Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986(23-28).
- Black, A. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The effects of instructors' autonomy support and students' autonomous motivation on learning organic chemistry: A self‐determination theory perspective. Science education, 84(6), 740-756.
- Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching (Vol. 4). New York: Longman.
- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
- Crookes, G., & Schmidt, R. W. (1991). Motivation: Reopening the research agenda. Language learning, 41(4), 469-512.
- D’Lima, G. M., Winsler, A., & Kitsantas, A. (2014). Ethnic and gender differences in first-year college students’ goal orientation, self-efficacy, and extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. The Journal of Educational Research, 107(5), 341-356
- Deci, E. L., Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of applied psychology, 74(4), 580.
- Dörnyei, Z. (1990). Conceptualizing motivation in foreign‐language learning. Language learning, 40(1), 45-78.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2001). Teaching and researching motivation. Harlow, Essex. Longman.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2003). Attitudes, orientations, and motivations in language learning: Advances in theory, research, and applications. Language learning, 53(S1), 3-32.
- Dornyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. New Jersey: Mahwah.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The L2 Motivational Self System. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Ed.), Motivation, Language Identity and the L2 Self (pp. 9-42). Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters.
- Dörnyei, Z., & Németh, N. (2006). Motivation, language attitudes and globalisation: A Hungarian perspective (Vol. 18). Multilingual Matters.
- Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. Arnold.
- Guilloteaux, M. J., & Dörnyei, Z. (2008). Motivating language learners: A classroom‐oriented investigation of the effects of motivational strategies on student motivation. TESOL quarterly, 42(1), 55-77.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Boston: Cengage.
- Heinzmann, S. (2009). " Girls are better at language learning than boys": Do stereotypic beliefs about language learning contribute to girls' higher motivation to learn English in primary school?. Bulletin VALS-ASLA, 89, 19-36.
- İbili, Z. (2015). Selanik Aristoteles Üniversitesindeki öğrencilerin yabancı dil olarak Türkçeyi öğrenmeye karşı tutum ve motivasyonlarının araştırılması (Master's thesis, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
- Jiao, S., Jin, H., You, Z., & Wang, J. (2022). Motivation and its effect on language achievement: sustainable development of Chinese middle school students’ second language learning. Sustainability, 14(16), 9918.
- Jiao, S., Wang, J., Ma, X., You, Z., & Jiang, D. (2022). Motivation and Its Impact on Language Achievement: Sustainable Development of Ethnic Minority Students’ Second Language Learning. Sustainability, 14(13), 7898.
- Khong, H. K., Hassan, N. H., & Ramli, N. (2017). Motivation and gender differences in learning Spanish as a foreign language in a Malaysian technical university. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 14(2), 59-83.
- Kimura, Y., Nakata, Y., & Okumura, T. (2001). Language learning motivation of EFL learners in Japan-A cross-sectional analysis of various learning milieus. Jalt Journal, 23(1), 47-68.
- La Guardia, J. G. (2009). Developing Who I Am: A Self-Determination Theory Approach to the Establishment of Healthy Identities. Educational Psychologist, 44(2), 90-104.
- Li, Q. (2014). Differences in the motivation of Chinese learners of English in a foreign and second language context. System, 42, 451-461.
- Mohamed, A. H. (2019). Lisansüstü yabancı öğrencilerin yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyonları [Master's thesis, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
- Obeidat, M. M. (2005). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning. Journal of faculty of Education, 18(22), 1-17.
- Oga-Baldwin, W. Q., & Nakata, Y. (2017). Engagement, gender, and motivation: A predictive model for Japanese young language learners. System, 65, 151-163.
- Özgür, B., & Griffiths, C. (2013). Second language motivation. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 1109-1114.
- Ray, N. L. (1992). Motivation in education. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED349298), 1-27. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED349298.pdf.
- Saito, K., Dewaele, J. M., & Hanzawa, K. (2017). A longitudinal investigation of the relationship between motivation and late second language speech learning in classroom settings. Language and Speech, 60(4), 614-632.
- Shamiry, R., & Al Fuad, M. (2020). The role of motivation in second language learning in king khalid university, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 11(6), 893-903.
- Thohir, L. (2017). Motivation in a foreign language teaching and learning. Vision: Journal for language and foreign language learning, 6(1), 20-29.
- Tok, M., & Yıgın, M. (2013). Yabancı Uyruklu Öğrencilerin Türkçe Öğrenme Nedenlerine İlişkin Bir Durum Çalışması. Dil ve Edebiyat Eğitimi Dergisi, 2(8).
- Tunçel, H. (2016). Yunan üniversite öğrencilerinin yabancı dil olarak Türkçeye yönelik algıları ve Türkçe öğrenme sebepleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(1).
- Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational psychologist, 41(1), 19-31.
- Weiner, B. (1972). Attribution theory, achievement motivation, and the educational process. Review of educational research, 42(2), 203-215.
- Wlodkowski, R. J. (1984). Motivation and Teaching. Washington D.C.: National Education Association.
- You, C., Dörnyei, Z., & Csizér, K. (2016). Motivation, vision, and gender: A survey of learners of English in China. Language Learning, 66(1), 94-123.
- Yılmaz, F., & Arslan, S. B. (2014). ÇOMÜ TÖMER’'de Türkçe Öğrenen Yabancı Öğrencilerin Motivasyon Kaynakları ve Sorunları. Electronic Turkish Studies, 9(6).
- Higher Education Information Management System, (2018). Retrieved December 12, 2018 from https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/
- Higher Education Information Management System, (2023). Retrieved April 9, 2023 from https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/
YABANCI DİL OLARAK TÜRKÇE ÖĞRENENLERİN MOTİVASYON KAYNAKLARI VE SORUNLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 674 - 686, 31.07.2024
Ebru Kızıltaş
,
Mehmet Yalçın Yılmaz
Öz
Bu çalışma yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenenlerin motivasyon kaynaklarını ve cinsiyet bakımından oluşan farklılıkları incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, katılımcılar Türkiye’deki Türkçe dil merkezlerinden amaca uygun tesadüfi örneklem yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Katılımcılar çalışmada gönüllü olarak yer almaktadır. Sosyo-eğitimsel model ve öz belirleme teorisi çerçevesinde katılımcılardan motivasyon kaynakları ve sorunlarına yönelik bir anket doldurmaları istenmiştir. Sonuçlar, motivasyon kaynakları ve sorunları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığını göstermiştir. Maddeler ayrı ayrı incelendiğinde, en yüksek ortalamaya sahip olan madde öğrencilerin iletişim kurma ihtiyacı olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplumla iletişim kurabilmek için o toplumun dilini öğrenmek Gardner’ın bütünleştirici motivasyonun bileşenlerinden biridir. Bu durum, Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenenlerin ağırlıklı olarak bütünleştirici motivasyona sahip olduklarını düşündürmektedir. Sonuçlar cinsiyete göre karşılaştırıldığında, motivasyon sorunları alt boyutunun bir maddesinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur. Erkek katılımcıların dil öğrenmeyi bir yetenek olarak değerlendirdikleri ve kadınların bu konuda daha başarılı olduklarını düşündükleri belirlenmiştir. Mevcut çalışmanın sonuçları incelenerek, öğrenme kalitesini geliştirmek amacıyla makalenin son bölümünde önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Kaynakça
- Abubakarı, A. (2016). Türkçe öğrenen yabancı öğrencilerle İngilizce öğrenen Türk öğrencilerin motivasyon durumlarının karşılaştırılması [Doctoral dissertation, Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Eğitimde Psikolojik Hizmetler Anabilim Dalı].
- Acat, M., & B., Demiral, İ. O. S. (2002). Türkiye’de yabancı dil öğreniminde motivasyon kaynakları ve sorunları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 31(31), 312-329.
- Akram, M., & Ghani, M. (2013). Gender and language learning motivation. Academic Research International, 4(2), 536.
- Al Othman, F. H., & Shuqair, K. M. (2013). The Impact of Motivation on English Language Learning in the Gulf States. International Journal of Higher Education, 2(4), 123-130.
- Alizadeh, M. (2016). The impact of motivation on English language learning. International Journal of Research in English Education, 1(1), 11-15.
- Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986(23-28).
- Black, A. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The effects of instructors' autonomy support and students' autonomous motivation on learning organic chemistry: A self‐determination theory perspective. Science education, 84(6), 740-756.
- Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching (Vol. 4). New York: Longman.
- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
- Crookes, G., & Schmidt, R. W. (1991). Motivation: Reopening the research agenda. Language learning, 41(4), 469-512.
- D’Lima, G. M., Winsler, A., & Kitsantas, A. (2014). Ethnic and gender differences in first-year college students’ goal orientation, self-efficacy, and extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. The Journal of Educational Research, 107(5), 341-356
- Deci, E. L., Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of applied psychology, 74(4), 580.
- Dörnyei, Z. (1990). Conceptualizing motivation in foreign‐language learning. Language learning, 40(1), 45-78.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2001). Teaching and researching motivation. Harlow, Essex. Longman.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2003). Attitudes, orientations, and motivations in language learning: Advances in theory, research, and applications. Language learning, 53(S1), 3-32.
- Dornyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. New Jersey: Mahwah.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The L2 Motivational Self System. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Ed.), Motivation, Language Identity and the L2 Self (pp. 9-42). Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters.
- Dörnyei, Z., & Németh, N. (2006). Motivation, language attitudes and globalisation: A Hungarian perspective (Vol. 18). Multilingual Matters.
- Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. Arnold.
- Guilloteaux, M. J., & Dörnyei, Z. (2008). Motivating language learners: A classroom‐oriented investigation of the effects of motivational strategies on student motivation. TESOL quarterly, 42(1), 55-77.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Boston: Cengage.
- Heinzmann, S. (2009). " Girls are better at language learning than boys": Do stereotypic beliefs about language learning contribute to girls' higher motivation to learn English in primary school?. Bulletin VALS-ASLA, 89, 19-36.
- İbili, Z. (2015). Selanik Aristoteles Üniversitesindeki öğrencilerin yabancı dil olarak Türkçeyi öğrenmeye karşı tutum ve motivasyonlarının araştırılması (Master's thesis, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
- Jiao, S., Jin, H., You, Z., & Wang, J. (2022). Motivation and its effect on language achievement: sustainable development of Chinese middle school students’ second language learning. Sustainability, 14(16), 9918.
- Jiao, S., Wang, J., Ma, X., You, Z., & Jiang, D. (2022). Motivation and Its Impact on Language Achievement: Sustainable Development of Ethnic Minority Students’ Second Language Learning. Sustainability, 14(13), 7898.
- Khong, H. K., Hassan, N. H., & Ramli, N. (2017). Motivation and gender differences in learning Spanish as a foreign language in a Malaysian technical university. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 14(2), 59-83.
- Kimura, Y., Nakata, Y., & Okumura, T. (2001). Language learning motivation of EFL learners in Japan-A cross-sectional analysis of various learning milieus. Jalt Journal, 23(1), 47-68.
- La Guardia, J. G. (2009). Developing Who I Am: A Self-Determination Theory Approach to the Establishment of Healthy Identities. Educational Psychologist, 44(2), 90-104.
- Li, Q. (2014). Differences in the motivation of Chinese learners of English in a foreign and second language context. System, 42, 451-461.
- Mohamed, A. H. (2019). Lisansüstü yabancı öğrencilerin yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyonları [Master's thesis, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
- Obeidat, M. M. (2005). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning. Journal of faculty of Education, 18(22), 1-17.
- Oga-Baldwin, W. Q., & Nakata, Y. (2017). Engagement, gender, and motivation: A predictive model for Japanese young language learners. System, 65, 151-163.
- Özgür, B., & Griffiths, C. (2013). Second language motivation. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 1109-1114.
- Ray, N. L. (1992). Motivation in education. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED349298), 1-27. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED349298.pdf.
- Saito, K., Dewaele, J. M., & Hanzawa, K. (2017). A longitudinal investigation of the relationship between motivation and late second language speech learning in classroom settings. Language and Speech, 60(4), 614-632.
- Shamiry, R., & Al Fuad, M. (2020). The role of motivation in second language learning in king khalid university, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 11(6), 893-903.
- Thohir, L. (2017). Motivation in a foreign language teaching and learning. Vision: Journal for language and foreign language learning, 6(1), 20-29.
- Tok, M., & Yıgın, M. (2013). Yabancı Uyruklu Öğrencilerin Türkçe Öğrenme Nedenlerine İlişkin Bir Durum Çalışması. Dil ve Edebiyat Eğitimi Dergisi, 2(8).
- Tunçel, H. (2016). Yunan üniversite öğrencilerinin yabancı dil olarak Türkçeye yönelik algıları ve Türkçe öğrenme sebepleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(1).
- Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational psychologist, 41(1), 19-31.
- Weiner, B. (1972). Attribution theory, achievement motivation, and the educational process. Review of educational research, 42(2), 203-215.
- Wlodkowski, R. J. (1984). Motivation and Teaching. Washington D.C.: National Education Association.
- You, C., Dörnyei, Z., & Csizér, K. (2016). Motivation, vision, and gender: A survey of learners of English in China. Language Learning, 66(1), 94-123.
- Yılmaz, F., & Arslan, S. B. (2014). ÇOMÜ TÖMER’'de Türkçe Öğrenen Yabancı Öğrencilerin Motivasyon Kaynakları ve Sorunları. Electronic Turkish Studies, 9(6).
- Higher Education Information Management System, (2018). Retrieved December 12, 2018 from https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/
- Higher Education Information Management System, (2023). Retrieved April 9, 2023 from https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/