Protective Effects of Gallic Acid Against Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Histological Alterations of Skin

Abstract

Aim: Stress is a situation that living beings face at every stage. It has been called the pandemic of our time and plays a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Chronic activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to stress leads to increased tissue inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many inflammatory skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, are triggered or exacerbated by stress. In our study, chronic restraint stress, a physical and mental stress model, was used to investigate the protective effect of gallic acid (GA) against the damage induced by this model in rat skin at the morphological level. Method: Subjects were divided into four equal groups (n=7): Control (C), Chronic Stress (CS), and Chronic Stress+Gallic Acid (CS+GA). Histologic sections from each group were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E), Masson trichrome, and toluidine blue. Results: In the CS group, there was a decrease in epidermal thickness, losses in epidermal cell morphology, and a detachment of collagen integrity. Concurrently, there was an increase in mast cell count and anti-IL-6 immunohistochemical positivity. In the CS+GA group, epidermal thickness, inflammation, and collagen structure parameters were similar to the CS group. Anti-IL-6 immunohistochemical positivity was significantly decreased compared to the CS group. Conclusion: According to our findings, gallic acid morphologically reduced the damage caused by chronic immobility stress on the skin mucosa. Given these findings, different studies may use gallic acid as a protective adjuvant in stress-induced skin damage.

Keywords

• Skin
• Chronic Restraint Stress
• Gallic acid
• Oxidative stress

Protective Effects of Gallic Acid Against Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Histological Alterations of Skin

Abstract

Giriş ve Amaç: Stres, canlıların yaşamın her aşamasında karşılaştığı bir durumdur. Günümüzün pandemisi olarak nitelendirilen stres, pek çok hastalığın patogenezinde rol oynar. Hipotalamus-Hipofiz-Adrenal (HPA) ekseninin stres karşısında kronik aktivasyonu, dokulardaki inflamatuar yanıtın ve reaktif oksijen türlerinin (ROS) artmasına neden olur. Atopik dermatit, sedef hastalığı gibi birçok inflamatuar deri hastalığı stresi ile tetiklenir ya da kötüleşir. Çalışmamızda fiziksel ve mental stres modeli olan kronik kısıtlama stresi kullanılmış ve bu modelin sıçan derisinde neden olduğu hasara karşı gallik asit (GA)’in koruyucu etkisi morfolojik düzeyde araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Denekler 4 eşit gruba ayrılmıştır (n=7): Kontrol (K), Kronik Stres (KS) ve Kronik Stres+Gallik Asit (KS+GA). Her gruptan alınan histolojik kesitler hematoksilen-eozin (H-E), Masson trikrom ve toluidin mavisi ile boyanmıştır. Bulgular: KS grubunda epidermal kalınlıkta azalma, epidermal hücre morfolojilerinde bozulmalar, kollajen bütünlüğünde kayıplar, mast hücre sayısı ve anti-IL-6 immünohistokimyasal pozitivite artışı görüldü. KS+GA grubunda ise epidermal kalınlık, inflamasyon ve kollajen organizasyonunun K grubu ile benzerlik gösterdiği görüldü. Anti-IL-6 immünohistokimyasal pozitivitenin KS grubuna kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde azaldığı görüldü. Sonuç: Bulgularımıza göre gallik asitin, kronik hareketsizlik stresinin deride meydana getirdiği hasarı morfolojik olarak azalttığı görülmüştür. Bu bulguların ışığında yapılacak farklı çalışmalar ile stres kaynaklı deri hasarlarında, gallik asit koruyucu bir yardımcı ajan olarak kullanılabilir.

Keywords

• Deri
• Kısıtlama stresi
• Gallik asit
• Oksidatif stres

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