An Examination on Behavioral Addiction and Social Work Practices

Öz

Today, behavioral addiction has become an increasingly important topic in terms of health and has become one of the important working areas of clinicians. Behavioral addiction is a type of addiction characterized by a specific behavior model and comes with both physical, psychological and social consequences. Gambling, internet, food, shopping and sexual addiction are among the major behavioral addictions. The aim of this study is to present the literature information on the subject of behavioral addiction, to introduce the types of behavioral addiction and to discuss what kind of social work practices can be applied to the groups of clients who have behavioral addiction. In particular, what kind of interventions social workers can conduct at the generalist social work and clinical level for clients with behavioral addiction will be discussed in the focus of Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Addiction
• Behavioral addiction
• Social work
• Social work practice

Davranış Bağımlılığına Sahip Müracaatçılara Yönelik Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları Üzerine Bir Tartışma

Öz

Günümüzde davranış bağımlılığı sağlık açısından giderek daha da önem kazanan bir konu ve klinisyenlerin önemli çalışma alanlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Davranış bağımlılığı, belirli bir davranış modeli ile karakterize olan bir bağımlılık türü olarak ve gerek fiziksel gerekse psikolojik ve sosyal sonuçlarıyla karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kumar, internet, yeme, alışveriş ve cinsel bağımlılık başlıca davranış bağımlılıkları arasında sıralanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada amaç, davranış bağımlılığı konusu hakkında literatür bilgisini sunmak, davranış bağımlılığı türlerini tanıtmak ve davranış bağımlılığı yaşayan müracaatçı gruplarına yönelik ne tür sosyal hizmet uygulamalarının gerçekleştirilebileceğini ele almaktır. Özellikle Türkiye özelinde, sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının davranış bağımlılığına sahip müracaatçılara yönelik klinik düzeyde ve genelci sosyal hizmet açısından ne tür müdahalelerde bulanabilecekleri tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bağımlılık
• davranış bağımlılığı
• sosyal hizmet
• sosyal hizmet uygulaması

Kaynakça

1. (1)DiClemente, C.C, Addiction and Change. How Addictions Develop and Addicted People Recover; Guilford Press: New York, 2003, p.1.
2. (2)Lesieur, H.R, & Blume, S.B, Pathological gambling, eating disorders and the psychoactive substance use disorders, Journal of Addictive Diseases, 1993, 9, 89–102.
3. (3)Lortie, C.L, & Guitton, M.J, Internet addiction assessment tools: dimensional structure and methodological status, Addiction, 2013, 108(7), 1207–1216. doi:10.1111/add.12202
4. (4)Meule, A, Back by popular demand: A narrative review on the history of food addiction research, Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 2015, 88, 295-302.
5. (5)Griffiths, M.D, Andreassen, C.S, Pallesen, S, Bilder, R.M, Torsheim, T, & Aboujaoude, E, When Is a New Scale not a New Scale? The Case of the Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale and the Compulsive Online Shopping Scale, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2016, 14(6), 1107–1110. doi:10.1007/s11469-016-9711-1
6. (6)Karim, R, & Chaudhri, P, Behavioral addictions: An Overview, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2012, 44(1), 5–17, p.5.
7. (7)Petry, N., M. (2016). Introduction to Behavioral Addictions. In: N. M Petry(ed) Behavioral Addictions, Oxford University Press, Newyork, 2016; p.1.
8. (8)Griffiths, M, Behavioural addiction: an issue for everybody?, Employee Councelling Today: The Journal of Workplace Learning. 1996, 8(3), 19-25.

9. (9)Robbins, T, & Clark, L, Behavioral addictions, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2015, 30, 66–72.
10. (10)Ögel, K, Bağımlı aileleri için rehber kitap; İş Bankası Kültür Yay.: İstanbul, 2014; 7-8.
11. (11)Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C, Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1983, 51, 390–395.
12. (12)Moran, L., Bradbury, E., & Mills, J. (2019). Gambling addiction. InnovAiT, 12(2), 62-66.
13. (13)Güz, G, Güz, H, Patolojik kumar bağımlılığında davranışsal inhibisyon, Current Addıctıon Research, 2017, 1(2), 65-71.
14. (14)Petry, N.M, Zajac, K, Ginley, M.K, Behavioral addictions as mental disorders: To be or not to be?, Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2018, 14(1), 399–423.
15. (15)Subramaniam, M, Wang, P, Soh, P, Vaingankar, J.A, Chong, S.A, Browning, C.J, & Thomas, S.A, Prevalence and determinants of gambling disorder among older adults: A systematic review, Addictive Behaviors, 2015, 41, 199–209.
16. (16)Bonke, J, Borregaard, K, The prevalence and heterogeneity of at-risk and pathological gamblers: The danish case, Socialforskningsinstitutte (Researh Report), 2006, p.15. Retrieved from https://pure.vive.dk/ws/files/236757/2006_15_WP.pdf
17. (17)Sproston, K, Erens, B, Orford, J, Gambling behaviour in Britain: results from the British gambling prevalence survey (Pp. Iv-P); National Centre For Social Research: London, 2000; p. 16.
18. (18)Kessler, R.C, Hwang, I, Labrie, R, Petukhova, M, Sampson, N.A, Winters, K.C, Shaffer, H.J, DSM-IV pathological gambling in the national comorbidity survey replication, Psychological Medicine, 2008, 38(09), 1351-1360.
19. (19)Vitaro, F, Arseneault, L, Tremblay, R.E, Impulsivity predicts problem gambling in low SES adolescent males, Addiction, 1999, 94(4), 565–575.
20. (20)Alyanak, P, İnternet bağımlılığı, Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi, 2016, 8(5), 20-24.
21. (21)Young, K.S, Psychology of computer use: XL. addictive use of the internet: A case that breaks the stereotype, Psychological Reports, 1996, 79(3), 899–902.
22. (22)Bakken, I. J, Wenzel, H.G, Götestam, K.G, Johansson, A, Øren, A, Internet addiction among Norwegian adults: A stratified probability sample study, Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 2009, 50(2), 121–127.
23. (23)Tsitsika, A, Janikian, M, Schoenmakers, T.M, Tzavela, E.C, Ólafsson,K, … Wójcik, S, Internet addictive behavior in adolescence: A cross-sectional study in seven European countries, Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 2014, 17(8), 528–535.
24. (24)Lin, S.S, Tsai, C.-C, Sensation seeking and internet dependence of Taiwanese high school adolescents, Computers in Human Behavior, 2002, 18(4), 411–426.
25. (25)Schlosser, S, Black, D.W, Repertinger, S, Freet, D, Compulsive buying, General Hospital Psychiatry, 1994, 16(3), 205–212.
26. (26)Lejoyeux, M, Weinstein, A, Shopping addiction. principles of addiction, Comprehensive Addictive Behaviors and Disorders, 2013, 85(1), 847-853.
27. (27)Ayazoğlu, B, Aksu, M, Ünübol, H, Hızlı Sayar, G, Alışveriş bağımlılığı, Üsküdar Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Akademik Dergisi Etkileşim, 2019, 4, 44-64.
28. (28)Murali, V, Ray, R, Shaffiullha, M, Shopping addiction, Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 2012, 18(4), 263–269.
29. (29)Bozkurt, H, Şahin, S, Zoroğlu, S, İnternet bağımlılığı: Güncel bir gözden geçirme, Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi, 2016, 6(3) , 235-247.
30. (30)Weinstein, A, Maraz, A, Griffiths, M.D, Lejoyeux, M, Demetrovics, Z, Compulsive buying—features and characteristics of addiction, Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse, 2016, 993–1007.
31. (31)Müller, A, Mitchell, J.E, de Zwaan, M, Compulsive buying, The American Journal on Addictions, 2013, 24(2), 132-137. Doi:10.1111/ajad.12111
32. (32)Öyekçin, D, Deveci, A, Yeme bağımlılığının etyolojisi, Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2012, 4(2), 138-153.
33. (33)Kafes, A.Y, Ülker, S, Sayar, G, Yeme Bağımlılığı, Addiction, 2018, 2(2), 54-58
34. (34)Gunnars, K, Vicious eating the food addict‘s guide to redemption, 2019, Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/food-addiction
35. (35)Sevinçer, G.M, Konuk, N, Emosyonel Yeme, Journal of Mood Disorders, 2013, 3(4), 171-178.
36. (36)Sarıtabak, S., Ege Bölgesi’nde Yeme Bağımlılığı İle Kişisel İyi Oluş İlişkisinin İncelenmesi; Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Klinik Psikoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi: İstanbul, 2019; s.8.
37. (37)Smith, G.T, Simmons, J.R, Flory, K, Annus, A.M., Hill, K.K, Thinness and eating expectancies predict subsequent binge-eating and purging behavior among adolescent girls, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2007, 116(1), 188–197.
38. (38)Meule, A, How Prevalent is “Food Addiction”?, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2011, 2(61), 1-4.
39. (39)Jin, X, The relationship between food addiction and obesity; Walden University College of Health Scıences, Doktora Tezi: Minnesota, 2012; s.76.
40. (40)Tarhan, N, Nurmedov, S, Bağımlılık, sanal veya gerçek; Timaş Yayınları: İstanbul, 2011: s.70
41. (41)Goodman, A, Diagnosis and treatment of sexual addiction, Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 1993, 19(3), 225–251.
42. (42)Giugliano, J.R, Sexual addiction: Diagnostic problems, Int J Ment Health Addiction, 2009, 7, 283-294.
43. (43)Carnes, P.J, Sexual addiction and compulsion: recognition, treatment, and recovery, CNS Spectrums, 2000, 5(10), 63–74. (Presented at the 2011 American Counseling Association Conference, New Orleans, LA)
44. (44)Sevim, A, Yetişkinlerde cinsel bağımlılık, erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar ve yaşam doyumu ilişkileri; Maltepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Psikoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi: İstanbul, 2018; s.48.
45. (45)Zastrow, C, Sosyal Hizmete Giriş. Çiftci, D.B (Çev Ed.) Nika Yay.: Ankara, 2013, s.9.
46. (46)Battersby, M, Oakes, J, Tolchard, B, Forbes, A, Pols, R, Cognitive behavioral therapy for problem gamblers. In Zangeneh, M, Blaszczynski, A, Turner, N (Eds) The pursuit of winning: Problem gambling theory, research and treatment, Springer, 2008 pp.179-197. DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-72173-6_11
47. (47)Young, K.S, CBT-IA: The first treatment model for internet addiction, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 2011, 25(4), 304–312.
48. (48)King, D.L, Delfabbro, P.H, Griffiths, M.D, Gradisar, M, Cognitive-behavioral approaches to outpatient treatment of internet addiction in children and adolescents, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2012, 68(11), 1185–1195. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21918
49. (49)Hague, B, Hall, J, Kellett, S, Treatments for compulsive buying: A systematic review of the quality, effectiveness and progression of the outcome evidence, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2016, 5(3), 379–394. doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.064
50. (50)Torres-Rodríguez, A, Griffiths, M.D, Carbonell, X, The treatment of internet gaming disorder: a brief overview of the PIPATIC program, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2017, 16(4), 1000–1015. doi:10.1007/s11469-017-9825-0
51. (51)Davis R.A, Cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet use, Computers in Human Behavior, 2001, 17, 187-195.
52. (52)Young, K.S, (1999). Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation and treatment. Retrieved from http://netaddiction.com/articles/symptoms.pdf
53. (53)Okumuş, F.E.E, Deveci, E, Yeme bozukluklarında grup psikoterapileri, Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2019, 11(3), 338-350.
54. (54)Murphy, R, Straebler, S, Cooper, Z, Fairburn C.G, Cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders, The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 2010, 33(3), 611–627.
55. (55)Lourenço Leite P, Pereira V.M, Nardi A.E, Silva A.C, Psychotherapy for compulsive buying disorder: A systematic review, Psychiatry Research, 2014, 219, 411–419.
56. (56)Tavares, H, Lobo, D.S.S, Fuentes, D, Black, D.W, Compras compulsivas: uma revisão e um relato de caso, Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 30(suppl 1), 2008, S16–S23. doi:10.1590/s1516-44462008005000002
57. (57)Kirezli, Ö, Arslan F.M, Analyzing motivational determinants of shopping addiction tendency, Ege Academic Review, 2019, 19(1), 61-74.
58. (58)Filomensky T.Z, Tavares H, Cognitive restructuring for compulsive buying, Rev Bras Psiquiatr, 2009, 31, 77–8
59. (59)Cox, L.E, Tice, C, Long, D.D, Substance use and addiction, In: Cox, LE, Tice, C, Long D.D, (Ed.) Introduction to Social Work, Sage Publ, California, 2016, p. 201-254.
60. (60)Pak, M.D, Bağımlılık ve Psikiyatrik Sosyal Hizmet, İçinde: İçağasıoğlu Çoban, A, Attepe Özden, S, (Ed.) Psikiyatrik Sosyal Hizmet, Nobel Akademik Yay., Ankara, 2018, s. 227-244.