Küresel Sağlık Sorunu ‘Obezite’: Güncel Bir Gözden Geçirme

Öz

Obezite günümüzde tüm dünyada en önemli halk sağlığı sorunlarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Görülme oranları her geçen gün artan obezite, fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal pek çok soruna yol açarak yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Dengesiz beslenme ve fiziksel egzersiz eksikliği sonucu diyabet, hipertansiyon ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklara neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle obezite ülkelerin sağlık sitemlerine getirdiği yük, sağlık harcamalarında önemli bir yer tutmasının yanı sıra en önemli morbidite ve mortalite nedenlerin başında gelmektedir. Obezitenin gelişiminde genetik yatkınlıklar, çevresel ve psikolojik faktörler arasında karmaşık bir etkileşim söz konusudur. Obezite ile mücadelede yaşamı daha sağlıklı ve kaliteli hale getirmek için yeterli ve dengeli beslenme alışkanlıklarının kazanılması ile fiziksel egzersizin arttırılması gerekmektedir. Obezitenin tedavisinde kişiye özgü tedavi uygulamalarının yanı sıra psikolojik değişkenlerin etkisi dikkate alınmalıdır. Obezitenin tedavisinde kullanılan cerrahi ve cerrahi dışı geleneksel yöntemlerin başarısızlıkları da göz önüne alındığında, psikolojik değişkenlerin anlaşılması ve multidisipliner bir tedavi gerekliliği çok açıktır. Bu derlemede obezitenin etiyolojisi, tanı ve tedavisi güncel literatür bulguları eşliğinde ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• obezite
• etiyoloji
• tanı
• tedavi

Global Health Problem 'Obesity': A Current Review

Öz

Obesity is considered one of the most important public health problems all over the world today. Obesity, the incidence of which is increasing day by day, causes many physical, psychological and social problems and negatively affects the quality of life. Unbalanced diet and lack of physical exercise can cause diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, obesity is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality, as well as the burden that countries bring to health systems and an important place in health expenditures. There is a complex interaction between genetic predispositions, environmental and psychological factors in the development of obesity. In the fight against obesity, it is necessary to gain adequate and balanced nutrition habits and increase physical exercise in order to make life healthier and better quality. In the treatment of obesity, the effect of psychological variables should be taken into account, as well as individual treatment practices. Considering the failures of traditional surgical and non-surgical methods used in the treatment of obesity, it is clear that the psychological variables should be understood and a multidisciplinary treatment is required. In this review, the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of obesity are discussed in the light of current literature findings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Obesity
• Etiology
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Kaynakça

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