Jensen's type inequalities for two times differentiable functions with applications

Muhammad Adil Khan; Shahid Khan; Dilda Pečarić; Josip Pečarić

doi:10.31801/cfsuasmas.1519488

Jensen's type inequalities for two times differentiable functions with applications

Abstract

In the main body, first of all this work recommends an inequality of Jensen's type involving Green functions for a class of two times differentiable functions. This result enables further to obtain some related interpolating inequalities for a function $f$ such that $|f''|^{q}$ is either concave or convex for $q\geq1$. Then manipulation of certain existing results in the corresponding interpolating inequalities gives bounds for the differences of the Jensen-Steffensen and Jensen's inequalities. In the similar fashion, they provide some new variants for the reverse form of aforementioned inequalities. Further, the obtained results about Jensen's inequality yield different novel adaptations of Hölder's inequality, fresh insights into the discrepancy of the well known Hermite-Hadamard inequality, and inequalities for geometric mean, quasi-arithmetic mean, and power mean. As a resultant, this work also suggests graphical interpretation of some results to verify the authenticity and sharpness of the obtained results about Jensen's inequality. Finally, this research work put forward some applications involving Zipf-Mandelbrot entropy and various types of Csiszár divergence from information theory.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Algebra and Number Theory

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Muhammad Adil Khan
0000-0001-5373-4663
Pakistan

Shahid Khan ^*
0000-0003-1966-3130
Pakistan

Dilda Pečarić
0000-0001-5606-9996
Croatia

Josip Pečarić
0000-0002-5510-2085
Croatia

Publication Date

September 23, 2025

Submission Date

July 20, 2024

Acceptance Date

March 17, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 74 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31801/cfsuasmas.1519488

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA93JA22FA

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Adil Khan, M., Khan, S., Pečarić, D., & Pečarić, J. (2025). Jensen’s type inequalities for two times differentiable functions with applications. Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series A1 Mathematics and Statistics, 74(3), 424-445. https://doi.org/10.31801/cfsuasmas.1519488

AMA

1.Adil Khan M, Khan S, Pečarić D, Pečarić J. Jensen’s type inequalities for two times differentiable functions with applications. Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ank. Ser. A1 Math. Stat. 2025;74(3):424-445. doi:10.31801/cfsuasmas.1519488

Chicago

Adil Khan, Muhammad, Shahid Khan, Dilda Pečarić, and Josip Pečarić. 2025. “Jensen’s Type Inequalities for Two Times Differentiable Functions With Applications”. Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series A1 Mathematics and Statistics 74 (3): 424-45. https://doi.org/10.31801/cfsuasmas.1519488.

EndNote

Adil Khan M, Khan S, Pečarić D, Pečarić J (September 1, 2025) Jensen’s type inequalities for two times differentiable functions with applications. Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series A1 Mathematics and Statistics 74 3 424–445.

IEEE

[1]M. Adil Khan, S. Khan, D. Pečarić, and J. Pečarić, “Jensen’s type inequalities for two times differentiable functions with applications”, Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ank. Ser. A1 Math. Stat., vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 424–445, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.31801/cfsuasmas.1519488.

ISNAD

Adil Khan, Muhammad - Khan, Shahid - Pečarić, Dilda - Pečarić, Josip. “Jensen’s Type Inequalities for Two Times Differentiable Functions With Applications”. Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series A1 Mathematics and Statistics 74/3 (September 1, 2025): 424-445. https://doi.org/10.31801/cfsuasmas.1519488.

JAMA

1.Adil Khan M, Khan S, Pečarić D, Pečarić J. Jensen’s type inequalities for two times differentiable functions with applications. Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ank. Ser. A1 Math. Stat. 2025;74:424–445.

MLA

Adil Khan, Muhammad, et al. “Jensen’s Type Inequalities for Two Times Differentiable Functions With Applications”. Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series A1 Mathematics and Statistics, vol. 74, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 424-45, doi:10.31801/cfsuasmas.1519488.

Vancouver

1.Muhammad Adil Khan, Shahid Khan, Dilda Pečarić, Josip Pečarić. Jensen’s type inequalities for two times differentiable functions with applications. Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ank. Ser. A1 Math. Stat. 2025 Sep. 1;74(3):424-45. doi:10.31801/cfsuasmas.1519488