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Investigating the Impact of Social Communication Deficiencies in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder on Their Parents' Depression and Anxiety Levels

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 14, 33 - 42, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.1486095

Öz

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) significantly impacts individuals' social communication abilities, affecting both the diagnosed children and their families, especially the mental health of their parents. While existing literature has focused on the direct implications for individuals with ASD, the psychological toll on caregivers is often overlooked. This study explores the relationship between children's social communication challenges due to ASD and the subsequent mental health outcomes in their parents, specifically depression and anxiety levels. Using a correlational design, the research involved 400 parents of children with ASD aged 4-18 from various urban centers in Turkey. Data were collected using the Social Communication Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory to assess children's social communication deficits and parents' psychological states. Spearman’s correlation coefficients and subgroup analyses evaluated the relationships between the severity of children's social communication problems and parental depression and anxiety levels.
The findings revealed a strong correlation between the severity of social communication deficiencies in children with ASD and heightened levels of depression and anxiety among their parents. Spearman’s correlation coefficients showed significant negative correlations, with r=-0.218 for depression and r=-0.263 for anxiety. Parents of children with more severe communication deficits reported higher psychological distress. This pattern was consistent across different demographic subgroups. The study's unique contribution lies in its quantitative confirmation of these relationships within a Turkish urban population, underscoring the need for holistic, family-centered approaches in ASD management.

Kaynakça

  • Aman, M. G., Singh, N. N., Stewart, A. W., & Field, C. J. (2009). The aberrant behavior checklist: A behavior rating scale for the assessment of treatment effects. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 89(5), 485-491.
  • Avcil, S., Baykara, B., Baydur, H., Münir, K. M., & Emiroğlu, N. I. (2015). The validity and reliability of the Social Communication Questionnaire-Turkish form in autistics aged 4-18 years. Turk psikiyatri dergisi= Turkish journal of psychiatry, 26(1), 56.
  • Barker, E. T., Hartley, S. L., Seltzer, M. M., Floyd, F. J., Greenberg, J. S., & Orsmond, G. I. (2011). Trajectories of emotional well-being in mothers of adolescents and adults with autism. Developmental psychology, 47(2), 551. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021268
  • Gray, D. E. (2002). “Everybody just freezes. Everybody is just embarrassed”: Felt and enacted stigma among parents of children with high functioning autism. Sociology of Health & Illness, 24(6), 734-749. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.00316
  • Hastings, R. P., Kovshoff, H., Ward, N. J., Espinosa, F. D., Brown, T., & Remington, B. (2005). Systems analysis of stress and positive perceptions in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(5), 635-644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-005-0007-8
  • Kalb, L. G., Badillo‐Goicoechea, E., Holingue, C., Riehm, K. E., Thrul, J., Stuart, E. A., ... & Fallin, D. (2021). Psychological distress among caregivers raising a child with autism spectrum disorder during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Autism Research, 14(10), 2183-2188. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2589
  • Karadağ, G., (2015). Özel gereksinimi olan çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin yaşadığı zorluklar ve çözüm önerileri. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 13, (2014): 492.
  • Karst, J. S., & Van Hecke, A. V. (2012). Parent and family impact of autism spectrum disorders: A review and proposed model for intervention evaluation. Clinical child and family psychology review, 15, 247-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-012-0119-6
  • Khanna, R., Madhavan, S. S., Smith, M. J., Patrick, J. H., Tworek, C., & Becker-Cottrill, B. (2011). Assessment of health-related quality of life among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 41, 1214-1227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1140-6
  • Kuhlthau, K., Payakachat, N., Delahaye, J., Hurson, J., Pyne, J. M., Kovacs, E., & Tilford, J. M. (2014). Quality of life for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8(10), 1339-1350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.07.002
  • Mancil, G. R., Boyd, B. A. & Bedesem, P. (2009). Parental stress and autism: Are there useful coping strategies? Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 44(4), 523–537.
  • Ousley, O., & Cermak, T. (2014). Autism spectrum disorder: defining dimensions and subgroups. Current developmental disorders reports, 1, 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-013-0003-1
  • Rezendes, D. l. & Scarpa, A. (2011). Associations between parental anxiety/depression and child behavior problems related to autism spectrum disorders: The roles of parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy. Autism Research and Treatment, 2011(3):395190. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/395190
  • Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Scq. The Social Communication Questionnaire. Torrance, CA: Western Psychological Services, 5.
  • Smith, L. E., & Elder, J. H. (2010). Siblings and family environments of persons with autism spectrum disorder: A review of the literature. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(5), 640-651. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00240.x
  • Tomeny, T. S. (2017). Parenting stress as a mediator of the relationship between autism symptom severity and depression among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 21(7), 886-894.
  • Tobón, A. L. (2024). What is autism spectrum disorder? American Psychiatric Association. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/autism/what-is-autism-spectrum-disorder
  • Ulusoy, M., Sahin, N. H., & Erkmen, H. (1998). Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric properties. Journal of cognitive psychotherapy, 12(2), 163.
  • Wood, C. E., Giallo, R. & Seymour, M. (2020). Family functioning and behaviour problems in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The mediating role of parent mental health. Clinical Psychologist, 19(1), 39–48.

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocukların Sosyal İletişim Eksikliklerinin Ebeveynlerinin Depresyon ve Anksiyete Düzeyleri Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 14, 33 - 42, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.1486095

Öz

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB), bireylerin sosyal iletişim becerilerini etkileyebilmekte ve sadece tanı konulan çocukları değil, aynı zamanda ailelerini, özellikle ebeveynlerinin ruh sağlığını da etkileyebilmektedir. Mevcut Alanyazın, genellikle OSB'li bireylerin doğrudan etkilerine odaklanmış olup, bakım sağlayanlar üzerindeki psikolojik yükü henüz yeterince çalışılmamış gözükmektedir. Bu çalışma, çocukların OSB nedeniyle yaşadığı sosyal iletişim zorlukları ile ebeveynlerinin depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktadır. Araştırma, korelasyonel bir tasarım kullanarak Türkiye'nin çeşitli şehir merkezlerindeki 4-18 yaş arası OSB'li çocukların 400 ebeveyni üzerinde yapılmıştır. Çocukların sosyal iletişim eksikliklerini ve ebeveynlerin psikolojik durumlarını değerlendirmek için Sosyal İletişim Ölçeği, Beck Depresyon Envanteri ve Beck Anksiyete Envanteri kullanılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Spearman korelasyon katsayıları ve alt grup analizleri, çocukların sosyal iletişim problemlerinin ciddiyeti ile ebeveynlerin depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkileri değerlendirmiştir. Bulgular, OSB'li çocukların sosyal iletişim eksikliklerinin ciddiyeti ile ebeveynlerinin depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyleri arasında bir korelasyon olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Spearman korelasyon katsayıları, depresyon için r=-0.218 ve anksiyete için r=-0.263 ile anlamlı negatif korelasyonlar göstermiştir. Daha ciddi iletişim eksiklikleri olan çocukların ebeveynleri, daha yüksek psikolojik sıkıntı bildirmiştir. Bu model, farklı demografik alt gruplar arasında tutarlı bir şekilde gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın katkısı, bu ilişkileri Türkiye'deki kentsel bir popülasyon içinde nicel olarak doğrulaması ve bütüncül, aile merkezli yaklaşımların gerekliliğini vurgulamasıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Aman, M. G., Singh, N. N., Stewart, A. W., & Field, C. J. (2009). The aberrant behavior checklist: A behavior rating scale for the assessment of treatment effects. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 89(5), 485-491.
  • Avcil, S., Baykara, B., Baydur, H., Münir, K. M., & Emiroğlu, N. I. (2015). The validity and reliability of the Social Communication Questionnaire-Turkish form in autistics aged 4-18 years. Turk psikiyatri dergisi= Turkish journal of psychiatry, 26(1), 56.
  • Barker, E. T., Hartley, S. L., Seltzer, M. M., Floyd, F. J., Greenberg, J. S., & Orsmond, G. I. (2011). Trajectories of emotional well-being in mothers of adolescents and adults with autism. Developmental psychology, 47(2), 551. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021268
  • Gray, D. E. (2002). “Everybody just freezes. Everybody is just embarrassed”: Felt and enacted stigma among parents of children with high functioning autism. Sociology of Health & Illness, 24(6), 734-749. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.00316
  • Hastings, R. P., Kovshoff, H., Ward, N. J., Espinosa, F. D., Brown, T., & Remington, B. (2005). Systems analysis of stress and positive perceptions in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(5), 635-644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-005-0007-8
  • Kalb, L. G., Badillo‐Goicoechea, E., Holingue, C., Riehm, K. E., Thrul, J., Stuart, E. A., ... & Fallin, D. (2021). Psychological distress among caregivers raising a child with autism spectrum disorder during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Autism Research, 14(10), 2183-2188. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2589
  • Karadağ, G., (2015). Özel gereksinimi olan çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin yaşadığı zorluklar ve çözüm önerileri. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 13, (2014): 492.
  • Karst, J. S., & Van Hecke, A. V. (2012). Parent and family impact of autism spectrum disorders: A review and proposed model for intervention evaluation. Clinical child and family psychology review, 15, 247-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-012-0119-6
  • Khanna, R., Madhavan, S. S., Smith, M. J., Patrick, J. H., Tworek, C., & Becker-Cottrill, B. (2011). Assessment of health-related quality of life among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 41, 1214-1227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1140-6
  • Kuhlthau, K., Payakachat, N., Delahaye, J., Hurson, J., Pyne, J. M., Kovacs, E., & Tilford, J. M. (2014). Quality of life for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8(10), 1339-1350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.07.002
  • Mancil, G. R., Boyd, B. A. & Bedesem, P. (2009). Parental stress and autism: Are there useful coping strategies? Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 44(4), 523–537.
  • Ousley, O., & Cermak, T. (2014). Autism spectrum disorder: defining dimensions and subgroups. Current developmental disorders reports, 1, 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-013-0003-1
  • Rezendes, D. l. & Scarpa, A. (2011). Associations between parental anxiety/depression and child behavior problems related to autism spectrum disorders: The roles of parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy. Autism Research and Treatment, 2011(3):395190. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/395190
  • Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Scq. The Social Communication Questionnaire. Torrance, CA: Western Psychological Services, 5.
  • Smith, L. E., & Elder, J. H. (2010). Siblings and family environments of persons with autism spectrum disorder: A review of the literature. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(5), 640-651. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00240.x
  • Tomeny, T. S. (2017). Parenting stress as a mediator of the relationship between autism symptom severity and depression among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 21(7), 886-894.
  • Tobón, A. L. (2024). What is autism spectrum disorder? American Psychiatric Association. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/autism/what-is-autism-spectrum-disorder
  • Ulusoy, M., Sahin, N. H., & Erkmen, H. (1998). Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric properties. Journal of cognitive psychotherapy, 12(2), 163.
  • Wood, C. E., Giallo, R. & Seymour, M. (2020). Family functioning and behaviour problems in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The mediating role of parent mental health. Clinical Psychologist, 19(1), 39–48.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çocuk Gelişimi Eğitimi, Zihinsel Engelli Eğitimi
Bölüm Araştırmalar
Yazarlar

Metin Çınaroğlu 0000-0001-6342-3949

Zehra Miray Afşar 0009-0005-2074-1062

Eda Yılmazer 0009-0009-3377-5025

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 18 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 14

Kaynak Göster

APA Çınaroğlu, M., Afşar, Z. M., & Yılmazer, E. (2024). Investigating the Impact of Social Communication Deficiencies in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder on Their Parents’ Depression and Anxiety Levels. Çocuk Ve Gelişim Dergisi, 7(14), 33-42. https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.1486095