Haematological, Biochemical, and Serological Differences Between Haemodialysis Patients with Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare haematological, biochemical, and serological parameters in haemodialysis (HD) patients with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in order to identify distinctive laboratory patterns with potential clinical relevance.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 77 patients undergoing HD at a tertiary centre: 45 with AKI and 32 with CKD. Demographic characteristics and a broad panel of laboratory parameters encompassing haematological indices, inflammatory markers, liver and cholestatic enzymes, electrolyte and mineral metabolism, iron parameters, and serological markers were analysed. Group comparisons were performed using appropriate statistical tests. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted for Helicobacter pylori (HP) IgA and IgG.
Results: Patients with AKI were significantly older than those with CKD (p=0.001), while sex distribution was similar. Compared with CKD patients, the AKI group demonstrated a laboratory profile characterised by higher inflammatory and tissue injury markers, including white blood cell count, neutrophils, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer (all p<0.05). In contrast, CKD patients exhibited higher levels of creatinine, parathyroid hormone, ferritin, iron indices, and alkaline phosphatase, consistent with chronic kidney disease–related metabolic alterations (all p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in HP IgA or IgG levels, and ROC analyses showed no discriminative value for distinguishing AKI from CKD.
Conclusion: HD patients with AKI and CKD exhibit distinct multisystem laboratory patterns reflecting acute inflammatory activity versus chronic metabolic adaptation. Recognising these differences may improve contextual interpretation of laboratory findings and support more individualised clinical decision-making in the HD setting.
Keywords
Acute kidney injury Chronic kidney disease Haematological and biochemical parameters Helicobacter pylori Haemodialysis Inflammation markers
Ethical Statement
This study was approved by the Giresun Training and Research Hospital Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Committee Name: Giresun Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu; Date: 04.12.2023; Decision No: 04.12.2023/27). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (revised 2024).
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Internal Diseases |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | December 11, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | January 22, 2026 |
| Early Pub Date | January 23, 2026 |
| Publication Date | January 23, 2026 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Issue: Advanced Online Publication |
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Articles in journals
- Polyakova M, Stuke K, Schuemberg K, Mueller K, Schoenknecht P, Schroeter ML. BDNF as a biomarker for successful treatment of mood disorders: a systematic & quantitative meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2015;174:432-40. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.044.
- Ganguly S, McRae J, He J, Divine C, Abhyankar S, Aljitawi O, et al. Routine radiographic screening after completion of initial chemotherapy and relapse-free survival after transplant in patients with relapsed lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2015;56(2):518-9. Epub 2014 Jul 15. doi:10.3109/10428194.2014.921916.
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Articles in press
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Article with published erratum
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Volume with supplement
- Miller S, Dell’Osso B, Ketter TA. The prevalence and burden of bipolar depression. J Affect Disord. 2014;169(Suppl 1):S3–11.
Issue with supplement
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Volume with part
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Issue with part
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Issue with no volume
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No volume or issue
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Journal article on the Internet
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For books and other monographs
Personal author(s)
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Author(s) and editor(s)
- Smith A. An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Cannan E, editor. London: Methuen; 1904.
- Kant I. Critique of pure reason. Guyer P, Wood AW, editors. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press; 1998.
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- World Health Organization. World health statistics 2023: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. 130 p.
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Editor(s), compiler(s) as author
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- Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, et al., editors. Braunwald’s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 12th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier; 2022.
Translated book
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- Husserl E. The crisis of European sciences and transcendental phenomenology. Carr D, translator. Evanston (IL): Northwestern University Press; 1970.
Chapter in a book
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Conference proceedings
- Halliday RB, Walter DE, Proctor HC, Norton RA, Colloff MJ, editors. Acarology: Proceedings of the 10th International Congress; 1998 Jul 5–10; Canberra, Australia. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing; 2001.
- Gagos T, Hyatt A, editors. Proceedings of the 25th International Congress of Papyrology; 2007 Jul 29–Aug 4; Ann Arbor (MI), USA. Ann Arbor (MI): Scholarly Publishing Office, University of Michigan Library; 2010.
Dissertation (Thesis)
- Lim DHK. The clinical and molecular genetic investigation of genetic conditions predisposing to kidney cancers [dissertation]. Birmingham (UK): University of Birmingham; 2018.
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- Sürer S. From space to safety: flood mapping with Sentinel-1 SAR data for enhancing flood risk management in Ljungby Municipality [master’s thesis]. Lund (SE): Lund University; 2024 [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 22]. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9158441
Poster(s)
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- Penafiel D, Termote C, Espinel R, Van Damme P. Traditional food consumption by indigenous women in Guasaganda, Central Ecuador [poster]. Presented at: European OneHealth/EcoHealth Workshop; 2016 Oct 6–7; Brussels, Belgium.
Patent
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Homepage/Website
- World Health Organization (WHO) [Internet]. Geneva (CH): World Health Organization; c1948– [cited 2025 Sep 27]. Available from: https://www.who.int/
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