TOXIC EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON SERUM PROTEINS AND TISSUE HISTOPATHOLOGY IN TRANSCAUCASIAN BARB, CAPOETA CAPOETA (GULDENSTTEADT 1773)

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 26 - 36, 31.12.2014

Muhitdin Yılmaz , Seda Vural Evren Koç Yusuf Ersan

Öz

In this study, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer (NH₄NO₃
+ CaMg (CO₃)₂) on Capoeta capoeta (Guldensteadt, 1773) were studied
with electrophoretic and histopathological methods. The fish caught from Kars
Creek (TURKEY) were put into 300 liters tanks and they were enabled to adapt to
the medium for 10 days. Then they were divided into 3 groups. The fish in the 1^st
group were held in normal water, 2^nd and 3^rd groups were
held in the water containing 15 mg/L and 30 mg/L nitrogen fertilizer
respectively for 15 days. At the end of this period, blood and tissue samples
were taken from the fish for electrophoresis and histopathological examination.
Serum samples obtained were carried out in Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Tissue samples were fixed in %10
formaldehyde solution, and paraffin blocks were prepared by routine
histological methods and section 3-5 µ thickness were performed and all of the sections were stained with
hematoxylin and eosin method and investigated under light microscope. In
SDS-PAGE of serum proteins, new protein expression as well as thinning and
thickness in various protein bands of fish applied nitrogen fertilizer were
observed.

In histopathological examination, increasing levels of
degeneration, necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration were observed in the
tissues of the liver, intestine, gill and kidney tissues of experimental fish
groups in proportion with the increasing of dose.

It is concluded that contamination of nitrogen fertilizer
in aquatic environments can have harmful effects on fish.

Anahtar Kelimeler

nitrogen fertilizer, Capoeta capoeta, serum protein, SDS-PAGE, histopathology

Kaynakça

• Alloway BJ (1995): Heavy metals in soils. Chapman and Hall, Second Edition, India, 38-119.
• Benli ACK (2006): The Effects of sublethal ammonia concentrations on tissues, growth and blood parameters of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio). PhD Thesis, Ankara (Turkey), 1-126.
• Capkin E, Birincioglu S, Altinok I (2009): Histopathological changes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after exposure to sublethal composite nitrogen fertilizers. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Saffety 72, 1999-2004.
• Danisman F and Belliturk K (2007): Foliar nutrition. Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 11(1/2):7-12.
• Kirk RS, Lewis JW (1993): An evaluation of pollutant induced changes in the gills of rainbow trout using scanning electron microscopy. Environmental Technology 14, 577-585.
• Laemmli UK (1970): Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680-685.
• Metcalfe CD (1998): Toxicopathic responses to organic compounds. In: Leather- land, J.F., Woo, P.T.K. (Eds.), Fish Diseases and Disorders, Non-Infectious Disorders. CABI, 133–162.
• O’Farrell PH (1975): High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of biological properties and significance. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 88 M, 497-501.
• Person Le Ruyet JP, Boeuf G, Infante JZ, Helgason S, Roux A (1998): Short-term physiological changes in turbot and sea bream juveniles exposed to exogenous ammonia. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 119A, 511–518.
• Ram RN and Sathyanesan AG (1987): Histopathological changes in liver and thyroid of the teleost fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch), in response to ammonium sulfate fertilizer treatment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Saffety l13(2),185-190.
• Robert R, Michael JD (1993): Enzyme assays. Oxford University Press, New York, 225-332.
• Sangeetha S, Sujatha K, Sentilkumaar P, Kalyanaraman V, Eswari S (2011): Acute toxicity of some agriculture fertilizers to fingerlings of Catla Catla. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 4(7), 770-772.
• Savci S (2012): An agricultural pollutant: Chemical fertilizer. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development 3(1), 77-80.
• Shebly EAA, Gad HAM (2011): Effect of chronic ammonia exposure on growth performance, serum growth hormone (GH) levels and gill histology of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research 1 (4), 183-197.
• Sonmez I, Kaplan M, Sonmez S (2008): Effect of chemical fertilizers on environmental pollution and its prevention methods. West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute Derim Journal 25(2), 24-34.
• Speare D and Backman S (1988): Ammonia and nitrite waterborne toxicity of commercial Rainbow Trout. The Canadian veterinary journal 29, 666.
• Weber K, Pringle J, Osborn M (1972) Measurement of molecular weights by electrophoresis on SDS- Acrylamide Gel. Methods in Enzymology 26, 3-27.
• Yilmaz M, Ersan Y, Karaman M, Ozen H, Koc E, Necefoglu H (2008): Toxic effects of cobalt parahydroxy- benzoate on tissue histopathology and serum proteins in Capoeta capoeta capoeta. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 17( 9a), 1322-1327.
• Yilmaz M, Ersan Y, Koc E, Ozen H, Karaman M (2011): Toxic effects of cadmium sulphate on tissue histopathology and serum protein expression in european chub, Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758). Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University 17 (Suppl A), 131-S135.
• Yuksel AN (1979): Effect on the environmental water and loss ways of nitrogenous fertilizers used in agriculture environment. Journal of the Faculty of Agricultural, Ataturk University 10(1-2), 179-194.