Year 2022,
Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 368 - 375, 30.06.2022
Zuhal Gülsoy
,
Şerife Karagözoğlu
Supporting Institution
Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi
Thanks
İstatistiksel analizlarde yardımlarından dolayı sayın Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Ziynet Çınar' a çok teşekkür ederiz.
References
- [1] Ballard KA. Nurses as environmental health activists. Am J
Nurs 2008;108(5):69-72.
- [2] Lee G, Clark AM, Thompson DR. Florence Nightingale never
more relevant than today. J Adv Nurs 2013;69(2):245-246.
- [3] Gupta R, Hannon E, Huprikar S, Bassily-Marcus A, Manasia
A, Oropello J, Kohli-Seth R. Getting to zero: Reduction in the
incidence of multidrug-resistant organism infections using an
integrated infection control protocol in an intensive care unit.
Am J Infect Control 2016;44(12):1695-1697.
- [4] Mitchell BG, Hall L, White N, Barnett AG, Halton K, Paterson
DL, Riley TV, Gardner A, Page K, Farrington A, Gericke CA,
Graves N. An environmental cleaning bundle and health-care associated infections in hospitals (REACH): a multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2019;19(4):410-418.
- [5] Peters A, Otter J, Moldovan A, Parneix P, Voss A, Pittet D. Keeping hospitals clean and safe without breaking the bank; Summary of the Healthcare Cleaning Forum 2018.
Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 2018;7:132.
- [6] Rawlinson S, Ciric L, Cloutman-Green E. How to carry out
microbiological sampling of healthcare environment surfaces?
A review of current evidence. J Hosp Infect 2019;103(4):363-
374.
- [7] Gavaldà L, Pequeño S, Soriano A, Dominguez MA. Environmental
contamination by multidrug-resistant microorganisms after
daily cleaning. Am J Infect Control 2015;43(7):776-778.
- [8] Gan T, Xu H, Wu J, Zhu Y, Wang L, Jin H, Wei L, Shen L, Ni X,
Cao J, Zhang Y. Sequential enhanced cleaning eliminates
multidrug-resistant organisms in general intensive care
unit of a traditional Chinese medicine hospital. J Crit Care
2017;41:216-221.
- [9] Donskey CJ. Does improving surface cleaning and disinfection
reduce health care-associated infections? Am J Infect Control
2013;41(5):12-19.
- [10] Yıldırım Ar A. Evaluation of intensive care patient bed
cleanliness by ATP bioluminescence. Haydarpasa Numune
Train Res Hosp Med J 2019;59(4):347-350.
- [11] Esen Ş, Ersöz G, Gürler B, Karabay O, Koçoğlu E, Metin DY. Yer –
yüzey temizlik ve dezenfeksiyonu. Perçin Renders D, Metin DY.
editors. Dezenfeksiyon antisepsi sterilizasyon rehberi. 2019. p.
36-41 (in Turkish)
- [12] Carling PC, Bartley JM. Evaluating hygienic cleaning in health
care settings: What you do not know can harm your patients.
Am J Infect Control 2010;38(5):41-50.
- [13] Carling PC, Briggs JL, Perkins J, Highlander D. Improved
cleaning of patient rooms using a new targeting method. Clin
Infect Dis 2006;42(3):385-388.
- [14] Atar Gaygusuz E, Öncül S, Yılmaz M, Esen O, Balcı C. Yoğun
bakım ünitesindeki dahili ve cerrahi hastalarda APACHE II’nin
mortalite öngörmedeki katkısı. J Kartal TR 2015;26(2):127-131.
(in Turkish)
- [15] Boyce JM, Farrel PA, Towle D, Fekieta R, Aniskiewicz M. Impact
of room location on UV-C Irradiance and UV-C dosage and
antimicrobial effect delivered by a mobile UV-C light device.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37(6).667-672
- [16] Ballard KA, Acree E, Berkowitz B, Doherty EL, Grant I, Foley
Pierce S, Teahan C. American Nurses Association. In: ANA’s
principles of environmental health for nursing practice with
implementation strategies. Silver Spring: American Nurses
Association. 2007.
- [17] International Council of Nurses calls for increased nursing
leadership to combat effects of climate change on healthg.
International Council of Nurses. Geneva – Switzerland 2018.
Available from: https://www.icn.ch/news/international council-nurses-calls-increased-nursing-leadership-combat effects-climate-change
- [18] Adams CE, Smith J, Watson V, Robertson C, Dancer SJ.
Examining the association between surface bioburden and
frequently touched sites in intensive care. J Hosp Infect
2017;95(1):1-5
- [19] Olson B. Assays for determining protein concentration. Curr
Protoc Pharmacol 2016;73(16):1-32
- [20] Perçin D, Renders W. Cerrahi aletlerin protein kalıntı
kontrolünde Chemdye Pro-1 micro kalem sisteminin
duyarlılığının araştırılması. In: 4 Sterılızasyon Amelıyathane
Dezenfeksıyon Sempozyumu 2018. p. 136-137. (Turkish)
- [21] Choi WS, Kim SH, Jeon EG, Son MH, Yoon YK, Kim JY, Kim
MJ, Wook Sohn J, Kim MJ, Park DW. Nosocomial outbreak of
carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii in intensive
care units and successful outbreak control program. J Korean
Med 2010;25(7):999-1004
- [22] Kurashige EJO, Oie S, Furukawa H. Contamination of
environmental surfaces by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) in rooms of inpatients with MRSA-positive
body sites. Brazilian J Microbiol 2016;47(3):703-705
- [23] Shams AM, Rose LJ, Edwards JR, Cali S, Harris AD, Jacob JT,
LaFae A, Pineles LL, Thom KA, McDonald CL, Arduino MJ, Noble Wang JA. Assessment of the overall and multidrug-resistant organism bioburden on environmental surfaces in healthcare
facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37(12):1426-1432
- [24] Siani H, Wesgate R, Maillard JY. Impact of antimicrobial wipes
compared with hypochlorite solution on environmental
surface contamination in a health care setting: A double crossover study. Am J Infect Control 2018;46(10):1180-1187
- [25] Bergen LK, Meyer M, Høg M, Rubenhagen B, Andersen LP.
Spread of bacteria on surfaces when cleaning with microfibre
cloths. J Hosp Infect 2009;71(2):132–137
Effectiveness Of The Bicinchoninic Acid Method In Patient Unit Cleaning In Intensive Care
Year 2022,
Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 368 - 375, 30.06.2022
Zuhal Gülsoy
,
Şerife Karagözoğlu
Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of the Bicinchoninic Acid/(BCA) method applied for evaluate the cleaning the beds of the patients with infections or colonization requiring strict contact isolation after discharge.
Methods: This is an experimental study and it was used the ORION checklist. In this study, 480 BCA and 480 microbiological samples were taken from 40 patient units before and after cleaning and the results were compared. The cleaning procedure was evaluated by examining whether there was post-cleaning gel residue in the areas stained with fluorescent gel before the cleaning.
Results: When post-cleaning BCA and post-cleaning microbiological sampling data were compared, no statistical difference was found. When the data of the areas stained with fluorescent gel before and after the cleaning were compared, it was observed that there was a statistical difference. It was revealed that the bedside and the bed controller were mostly contaminated in both methods.
Conclusions: It was concluded that BCA was an effective method that could be used to evaluate the cleaning applied to the infected patient unit. It is thought that cleaning only areas that are considered to be contaminated after evaluating the cleaning with an effective method will prevent contamination due to cleaning and will provide more positive results in terms of time, labor, and cost. The control of cleanliness using objective methods can help maintain a safe environment.
This study is registered to ClinicalTrials.gov with the number ID:NCT04212130.
References
- [1] Ballard KA. Nurses as environmental health activists. Am J
Nurs 2008;108(5):69-72.
- [2] Lee G, Clark AM, Thompson DR. Florence Nightingale never
more relevant than today. J Adv Nurs 2013;69(2):245-246.
- [3] Gupta R, Hannon E, Huprikar S, Bassily-Marcus A, Manasia
A, Oropello J, Kohli-Seth R. Getting to zero: Reduction in the
incidence of multidrug-resistant organism infections using an
integrated infection control protocol in an intensive care unit.
Am J Infect Control 2016;44(12):1695-1697.
- [4] Mitchell BG, Hall L, White N, Barnett AG, Halton K, Paterson
DL, Riley TV, Gardner A, Page K, Farrington A, Gericke CA,
Graves N. An environmental cleaning bundle and health-care associated infections in hospitals (REACH): a multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2019;19(4):410-418.
- [5] Peters A, Otter J, Moldovan A, Parneix P, Voss A, Pittet D. Keeping hospitals clean and safe without breaking the bank; Summary of the Healthcare Cleaning Forum 2018.
Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 2018;7:132.
- [6] Rawlinson S, Ciric L, Cloutman-Green E. How to carry out
microbiological sampling of healthcare environment surfaces?
A review of current evidence. J Hosp Infect 2019;103(4):363-
374.
- [7] Gavaldà L, Pequeño S, Soriano A, Dominguez MA. Environmental
contamination by multidrug-resistant microorganisms after
daily cleaning. Am J Infect Control 2015;43(7):776-778.
- [8] Gan T, Xu H, Wu J, Zhu Y, Wang L, Jin H, Wei L, Shen L, Ni X,
Cao J, Zhang Y. Sequential enhanced cleaning eliminates
multidrug-resistant organisms in general intensive care
unit of a traditional Chinese medicine hospital. J Crit Care
2017;41:216-221.
- [9] Donskey CJ. Does improving surface cleaning and disinfection
reduce health care-associated infections? Am J Infect Control
2013;41(5):12-19.
- [10] Yıldırım Ar A. Evaluation of intensive care patient bed
cleanliness by ATP bioluminescence. Haydarpasa Numune
Train Res Hosp Med J 2019;59(4):347-350.
- [11] Esen Ş, Ersöz G, Gürler B, Karabay O, Koçoğlu E, Metin DY. Yer –
yüzey temizlik ve dezenfeksiyonu. Perçin Renders D, Metin DY.
editors. Dezenfeksiyon antisepsi sterilizasyon rehberi. 2019. p.
36-41 (in Turkish)
- [12] Carling PC, Bartley JM. Evaluating hygienic cleaning in health
care settings: What you do not know can harm your patients.
Am J Infect Control 2010;38(5):41-50.
- [13] Carling PC, Briggs JL, Perkins J, Highlander D. Improved
cleaning of patient rooms using a new targeting method. Clin
Infect Dis 2006;42(3):385-388.
- [14] Atar Gaygusuz E, Öncül S, Yılmaz M, Esen O, Balcı C. Yoğun
bakım ünitesindeki dahili ve cerrahi hastalarda APACHE II’nin
mortalite öngörmedeki katkısı. J Kartal TR 2015;26(2):127-131.
(in Turkish)
- [15] Boyce JM, Farrel PA, Towle D, Fekieta R, Aniskiewicz M. Impact
of room location on UV-C Irradiance and UV-C dosage and
antimicrobial effect delivered by a mobile UV-C light device.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37(6).667-672
- [16] Ballard KA, Acree E, Berkowitz B, Doherty EL, Grant I, Foley
Pierce S, Teahan C. American Nurses Association. In: ANA’s
principles of environmental health for nursing practice with
implementation strategies. Silver Spring: American Nurses
Association. 2007.
- [17] International Council of Nurses calls for increased nursing
leadership to combat effects of climate change on healthg.
International Council of Nurses. Geneva – Switzerland 2018.
Available from: https://www.icn.ch/news/international council-nurses-calls-increased-nursing-leadership-combat effects-climate-change
- [18] Adams CE, Smith J, Watson V, Robertson C, Dancer SJ.
Examining the association between surface bioburden and
frequently touched sites in intensive care. J Hosp Infect
2017;95(1):1-5
- [19] Olson B. Assays for determining protein concentration. Curr
Protoc Pharmacol 2016;73(16):1-32
- [20] Perçin D, Renders W. Cerrahi aletlerin protein kalıntı
kontrolünde Chemdye Pro-1 micro kalem sisteminin
duyarlılığının araştırılması. In: 4 Sterılızasyon Amelıyathane
Dezenfeksıyon Sempozyumu 2018. p. 136-137. (Turkish)
- [21] Choi WS, Kim SH, Jeon EG, Son MH, Yoon YK, Kim JY, Kim
MJ, Wook Sohn J, Kim MJ, Park DW. Nosocomial outbreak of
carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii in intensive
care units and successful outbreak control program. J Korean
Med 2010;25(7):999-1004
- [22] Kurashige EJO, Oie S, Furukawa H. Contamination of
environmental surfaces by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) in rooms of inpatients with MRSA-positive
body sites. Brazilian J Microbiol 2016;47(3):703-705
- [23] Shams AM, Rose LJ, Edwards JR, Cali S, Harris AD, Jacob JT,
LaFae A, Pineles LL, Thom KA, McDonald CL, Arduino MJ, Noble Wang JA. Assessment of the overall and multidrug-resistant organism bioburden on environmental surfaces in healthcare
facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37(12):1426-1432
- [24] Siani H, Wesgate R, Maillard JY. Impact of antimicrobial wipes
compared with hypochlorite solution on environmental
surface contamination in a health care setting: A double crossover study. Am J Infect Control 2018;46(10):1180-1187
- [25] Bergen LK, Meyer M, Høg M, Rubenhagen B, Andersen LP.
Spread of bacteria on surfaces when cleaning with microfibre
cloths. J Hosp Infect 2009;71(2):132–137