Kış Merasında Otlatmanın Toprağın Bazı Özelliklerine Etkileri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 101 - 108, 25.12.2018

Mehmet Parlak , Cafer Türkmen , Altıngül Özaslan Parlak , Ahmet Gökkuş , Hülya Hanoğlu Oral

Öz

Merada
otlayan hayvanlar, otlatmanın zaman ve yoğunluğu ile iklim ve toprak şartlarına
bağlı olarak toprağı olumlu ya da olumsuz etkiler. Özellikle topraklar yaş iken
yapılan otlatmalar genellikle olumsuz etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmada kışın koyun
otlatılan doğal merada, bu otlatmanın toprakların fiziksel ve biyolojik
özellikleri üzerine etkileri belirlemek için denemenin başlangıcı ve sonunda
0-5 ve 5-15 cm derinliklerden toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Denemede koyun
başına 875 m² alan düşecek şekilde her yıl kışın 2 ay (ocak ve
şubat) Merinos koyunları otlatılmıştır. Uygulanan eş yapma t testi sonucunda otlatmanın
hacim ağırlığı, penetrometre direnci, toprak nemi, mikroorganizma sayısı ve
katalaz enzim aktivitesi özelliklerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli
(P<0.05) bulunmuştur. İncelenen diğer özellikler (agregat stabilitesi, organik
karbon (C), toplam azot (N), üreaz aktivitesi) üzerinde otlatmanın önemli etkisi
görülmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, meraların sürdürülebilirliği için topraklar ıslak
iken otlatılmamalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otlatma, Sıkışma, Mikroorganizma faaliyeti

Effects of Grazing on Soil Characteristics of Winter Rangeland

Öz

Grazing animals have either positive or negative
impacts on soils just based on grazing time and intensity, climate and soil
conditions. Grazing over wet soils usually have negative impacts on soil
characteristics. This study was conducted to determine the effects of winter
sheep grazing on soil physical and chemical characteristics. Soil samples were
taken from 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth at the beginning and end of experiments.
Merino sheep were grazed for 2 months (January and February) over a rangeland as
to have 875 m² space for each sheep. Paired sample t-test results
revealed that grazing had significant effects on bulk density, penetrometer
resistance, soil moisture, number of microorganisms and catalase enzyme
activities (P<0.05). Grazing did not have any significant effects on the
other parameters (aggregate stability, organic carbon(C), total nitrogen(N),
urease activity). It was concluded that rangelands should not be grazed under
wet conditions for the sustainability of the rangelands.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Grazing, Soil compaction, Microbial activity

Kaynakça

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