Zeytin Karasuyunun Arıtım Yöntemleri
Yıl 2015,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 81 - 109, 29.12.2015
Canan Can Yarımtepe
,
Nilgün Ayman Öz
,
Seçil Erdem
Öz
Türkiye, zeytin üretiminde dünyanın önde gelen ülkelerinden biridir ve üretilen zeytinin büyük bir kısmı zeytinyağı eldesinde kullanılmaktadır. Yağ üretim, sırasında oluşan zeytin karasuyu, Akdeniz ülkelerinde başlıca çevresel sorunlardan biridir. Bu atıksu, yüksek kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ), biyokimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (BOİ), askıda katı madde (AKM), yağ ve koyu renk ile karakterize edilmektedir. Aynı zamanda yüksek miktarlarda fenolik bileşikler ve lipitler içermektedir. Gerek yüksek organik madde içeriği gerekse inhibe edici ve kompleks bileşiklerin yüksek konsantrasyonu nedeni ile arıtımı oldukça zor olan bu atıksu için birçok arıtma yöntemi denenmiştir. Literatürde zeytin karasuyunun arıtımında; çeşitli fiziksel, kimyasal, biyolojik ve kombine arıtma prosesleri rapor edilmiştir. Çeşitli arıtma metodlarının dezavantajları nedeniyle son araştırma çalışmaları, fenolik bileşikler, hayvan yemi olarak kullanılması ve biyogaz gibi değerli bileşenlerin atıksulardan geri kazanımına odaklanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, zeytin karasuyunun arıtımında uygulanan prosesler ve proses kombinasyonları incelenerek özet olarak sunulmaktadır.
Kaynakça
- Ahmadi, M., Vahabzadeh, F., Bonakdarpour, B., Mofarrah, E., Mehranian, M., 2005. Application of the central composite design and response surface methodology to the advanced treatment of olive oil processing wastewater using Fenton’s peroxidation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B123, 187-195.
- Al Malah K., Azzam M.O.J., Abu Lail N.I., 2000. Olive mill effluent (OME) wastewater post-treatment using activated clay, Separation and Purification Technology, 20, 225-234.
- Aktaş E., Imre S., Ersoy L., 2001. Characterization and lime treatment of olive oil mill wastewater, Water Research, 35(9), 2336-2340.
- Ammary B.Y., 2005. Treatment of olive mill wastewater using anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. Desalination 177:157–165.
- Amor C., Lucas M. S., Garcia J., Dominguez J. R., Heredia J. B., Peres J. A., 2015. Combined treatment of olive mill wastewater by Fenton's reagent and anaerobic biological process, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 50, 161–168.
- Andreozzi R., Canterino M., Soma I.D., Giudice R.L., Marotta R., Pinto G., Pollio A., 2008. Effect of combined physico-chemical processes on the phytotoxicity of olive mill wastewaters, Water Research, 42, 1684-1692.
- Anonim, 2008.
- Azbar N., Keskin T., Yürüyen A., 2008. Enhancement of biogas production from olive mill effluent (OME) by co-digestion. Biomass Bioenergy 32, 1195–1201.
- Azzam M.O.J., Al-Malah K.I., Abu-Lail N.I., 2004. Dynamic post-treatment response of olive mill effluent wastewater using activated carbon, Journal Of EnvironmentalScienceandHealth Part A-Toxic/Hazardous Substances&Environmental Engineering, A39(1), 269-280.
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- Bedoui A., Sindi K., Bensalah N., 2008. Treatment of refractory organics contained in actual agroindustrial wastewaters by UV/H2O2, Research Article, 36(4), 373-379.
- Belaid C., Khadraoui M., Mseddi S., Kallel M., Elleuch B., Fauvarque J. F., 2013, Electrochemical treatment of olive mill wastewater: Treatment extent and effluent phenolic compounds monitoring using some uncommon analytical tools, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 25(1) 220–230.
- Beltran F.J., Garcia-Araya J.F., Frades J., Alvarez P., Gimeno O., 1998. Effects of single and combined ozonation with H2O2 or UV radiation the chemical degradation and biodegradability of debittering table olive industrial wastewaters, Water Research, 33(3), 723-732.
- Beltran-Heredia J., Torregrosa J., García J., Domínguez J.R., Tierno J.C., 2001. Degradation of olive mill wastewater by the combination of fenton’s reagent and ozonation processes with an aerobic biological treatment, Water Science and Technology, 44(5), 103-108.
- Ben Sassi A., Boularbah A. Jaouad G. Walker ve Boussaid A., 2006. A comparison of olive oil mill wastewaters from three different processes in Morocco, Bioprocess Biochem 41, 74–78.
- Benitez F.J., Acero J.L., Gonzalez T., Garcia J., 2001. Organic matter removal from wastewaters of the black olive industry by chemical and biological procedures, Process Biochemistry, 37, 257-265.
- Bettazzi E., Morelli M., Caffaz S., Caretti C., Azzari E., Lubello C., 2006. Olive mill wastewater treatment: an experimental study, Water Science&Technology, 54(8), 17-25.
- Bettazzi E., Caretti C., Caffaz S., Azzari E., Lubello C., 2007. Oxidative processes for olive mill wastewater treatment, Water Science & Technology, 55(10), 79-87.
- Chatzisymeon E., Dimou A., Mantzavinos D., Katsaounis A., 2009. Electrochemical oxidation of model compounds and olive mill wastewater over DSA electrodes: 1.The case of Ti/IrO2 anode, Journal of Hazardous Materials 167 (2009) 268–274.
- Chatzisymeon E., Diamadopoulos E., Mantzavinos D., 2009. Effect of key operating parameters on the non-catalytic wet oxidation of olive mill wastewaters. Water Sci Technol 59, 2509–2518.
- Chedeville O., Debacq M., Porte C., 2009. Removal of phenolic compounds present in olive mill wastewaters by ozonation. Desalination 249, 865–869.
- Chiavola A., Farabegoli G., Antonetti F., 2014. Biological treatment of olive mill wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor. Biochemical Engineering Journal Volume 85, 71–78.
- Conidi, C., Mazzei, R., Cassano, A., Giorno, L., 2014. Integrated membrane system for the production of phytotherapics from olive mill wastewaters. J. Membr. Sci. 454, 322–329.
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- Eren O., Gul S.; Kusvuran E.; Cellat K., Ertosun F. M., 2015.Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater by Catalytic Ozonation Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Olive Stone by KOH Asian Journal of Chemistry, 4106-4110.
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- Eroğlu E., Gündüz U., Yücel M., 2009. Treatment of olive mill wastewater by different physicochemical methods and utilization of their liquid effluents for biological hydrogen production, Biomass and Bioenergy, 33, 701-705.
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- Garcia-Castello, E., Cassano, A., Criscuoli, A., Conidi, C., Drioli, E., 2010. Recovery and concentration of polyphenols from olive mill wastewaters by integrated membrane system. Water Res. 44, 3883–3892.
- Gernjak W., Maldonado M.I., Malato S., Caceres J., Krutzler T., Glaser A., Bauer R., 2004. Pilot-plant treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW) by solar TiO2 photocatalysis and solar photo-fenton, Solar Energy, 77, 567-572.
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Treatment Methods for Olive Mill Wastewater
Yıl 2015,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 81 - 109, 29.12.2015
Canan Can Yarımtepe
,
Nilgün Ayman Öz
,
Seçil Erdem
Öz
Turkey is one of the largest olive producing countries in the world and a large of olive is used in olive oil production. Olive mill wastewaters (OMW) produced during olive oil extraction is one of the major environmental issues in Meditarrean countries. OMW is characterized by high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), high Suspended Solids (TSS), oil and dark color. In addition, OMW contains high phenolic compounds and lipids. In literature, several treatment methods have been reported for OMW which is characterised by both very high organic load and high concentration of inhibitory and complex compounds. Due to several disadvantages of treatment methods, recent research studies focus on valorization approaches of valuable components such as phenolic compounds, animal feed and biogas etc. In this study, OMW treatment processes, process combinations and some valorization techniques were investigated and presented in brief.
Kaynakça
- Ahmadi, M., Vahabzadeh, F., Bonakdarpour, B., Mofarrah, E., Mehranian, M., 2005. Application of the central composite design and response surface methodology to the advanced treatment of olive oil processing wastewater using Fenton’s peroxidation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B123, 187-195.
- Al Malah K., Azzam M.O.J., Abu Lail N.I., 2000. Olive mill effluent (OME) wastewater post-treatment using activated clay, Separation and Purification Technology, 20, 225-234.
- Aktaş E., Imre S., Ersoy L., 2001. Characterization and lime treatment of olive oil mill wastewater, Water Research, 35(9), 2336-2340.
- Ammary B.Y., 2005. Treatment of olive mill wastewater using anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. Desalination 177:157–165.
- Amor C., Lucas M. S., Garcia J., Dominguez J. R., Heredia J. B., Peres J. A., 2015. Combined treatment of olive mill wastewater by Fenton's reagent and anaerobic biological process, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 50, 161–168.
- Andreozzi R., Canterino M., Soma I.D., Giudice R.L., Marotta R., Pinto G., Pollio A., 2008. Effect of combined physico-chemical processes on the phytotoxicity of olive mill wastewaters, Water Research, 42, 1684-1692.
- Anonim, 2008.
- Azbar N., Keskin T., Yürüyen A., 2008. Enhancement of biogas production from olive mill effluent (OME) by co-digestion. Biomass Bioenergy 32, 1195–1201.
- Azzam M.O.J., Al-Malah K.I., Abu-Lail N.I., 2004. Dynamic post-treatment response of olive mill effluent wastewater using activated carbon, Journal Of EnvironmentalScienceandHealth Part A-Toxic/Hazardous Substances&Environmental Engineering, A39(1), 269-280.
- Basmacıoğlu Malayoğlu H., Aktaş B., 2011. Zeytin yağı işleme yan ürünlerinden zeytin yaprağı ile zeytin karasuyunun antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan etkileri, Hayvansal Üretim 52(1):49-58.
- Beccari M., Majone M., Riccardi C., Savarese F., Torrisi L., 1999. Integrated treatment of olive oil mill effluents:effect of chemical and physical pretreatment on anaerobic treatability, Wat. Sci. Tech., 40(1), 347- 355.
- Bedoui A., Sindi K., Bensalah N., 2008. Treatment of refractory organics contained in actual agroindustrial wastewaters by UV/H2O2, Research Article, 36(4), 373-379.
- Belaid C., Khadraoui M., Mseddi S., Kallel M., Elleuch B., Fauvarque J. F., 2013, Electrochemical treatment of olive mill wastewater: Treatment extent and effluent phenolic compounds monitoring using some uncommon analytical tools, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 25(1) 220–230.
- Beltran F.J., Garcia-Araya J.F., Frades J., Alvarez P., Gimeno O., 1998. Effects of single and combined ozonation with H2O2 or UV radiation the chemical degradation and biodegradability of debittering table olive industrial wastewaters, Water Research, 33(3), 723-732.
- Beltran-Heredia J., Torregrosa J., García J., Domínguez J.R., Tierno J.C., 2001. Degradation of olive mill wastewater by the combination of fenton’s reagent and ozonation processes with an aerobic biological treatment, Water Science and Technology, 44(5), 103-108.
- Ben Sassi A., Boularbah A. Jaouad G. Walker ve Boussaid A., 2006. A comparison of olive oil mill wastewaters from three different processes in Morocco, Bioprocess Biochem 41, 74–78.
- Benitez F.J., Acero J.L., Gonzalez T., Garcia J., 2001. Organic matter removal from wastewaters of the black olive industry by chemical and biological procedures, Process Biochemistry, 37, 257-265.
- Bettazzi E., Morelli M., Caffaz S., Caretti C., Azzari E., Lubello C., 2006. Olive mill wastewater treatment: an experimental study, Water Science&Technology, 54(8), 17-25.
- Bettazzi E., Caretti C., Caffaz S., Azzari E., Lubello C., 2007. Oxidative processes for olive mill wastewater treatment, Water Science & Technology, 55(10), 79-87.
- Chatzisymeon E., Dimou A., Mantzavinos D., Katsaounis A., 2009. Electrochemical oxidation of model compounds and olive mill wastewater over DSA electrodes: 1.The case of Ti/IrO2 anode, Journal of Hazardous Materials 167 (2009) 268–274.
- Chatzisymeon E., Diamadopoulos E., Mantzavinos D., 2009. Effect of key operating parameters on the non-catalytic wet oxidation of olive mill wastewaters. Water Sci Technol 59, 2509–2518.
- Chedeville O., Debacq M., Porte C., 2009. Removal of phenolic compounds present in olive mill wastewaters by ozonation. Desalination 249, 865–869.
- Chiavola A., Farabegoli G., Antonetti F., 2014. Biological treatment of olive mill wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor. Biochemical Engineering Journal Volume 85, 71–78.
- Conidi, C., Mazzei, R., Cassano, A., Giorno, L., 2014. Integrated membrane system for the production of phytotherapics from olive mill wastewaters. J. Membr. Sci. 454, 322–329.
- Çelikkalkan, Ela 2002. Zeytinyağı Üretimi Proses Atıksularının Fizikokimyasal Ön Arıtımı, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek lisans tezi.
- Doğruel S., Ölmez-Hancı T., Kartal Z., Arslan-Alaton İ., Orhon D. , 2009. Effect of Fenton's oxidation on the particle size distribution of organic carbon in olive mill wastewater, WaterResearch, 1-10.
- Doğu Akdeniz Zeytin Birliği, 2005. http://www.dazb.org.tr
- El-Abbassi A., Kiai H., Raiti J., Hafidi A., 2014. Application of ultrafiltration for olive processing wastewaters treatment, Journal of Cleaner Production 65, 432-438.
- El-Shafey E. I., Correia P. F. M., de Carvalho J. M. R., 2007. An integrated process of olive mill wastewater treatment, Separation Science and Technology,40,2841-2869.
- Ena A., Pintıcci C., Carlozzi P., 2012. The recovery of polyphenols from olive mill waste using two adsorbing vegetable matrices, Journal of Biotechnology Volume 157, Issue 4, 573–577.
- Eren O., Gul S.; Kusvuran E.; Cellat K., Ertosun F. M., 2015.Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater by Catalytic Ozonation Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Olive Stone by KOH Asian Journal of Chemistry, 4106-4110.
- Erkonak H., Söğüt O.O., Akgün M., 2008. Treatment of olive mill wastewater by supercritical water oxidation, J. of Supercritical Fluids, 46, 142-148.
- Eroğlu E., Gündüz U., Yücel M., 2009. Treatment of olive mill wastewater by different physicochemical methods and utilization of their liquid effluents for biological hydrogen production, Biomass and Bioenergy, 33, 701-705.
- Fadil K., Chahlaoui A., Ouahbi A., Zaid A. and Borja R., 2003. Aerobic biodegradation and detoxication of wastewaters from the olive oil industry. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 51, 37-4.
- Garcia-Castello, E., Cassano, A., Criscuoli, A., Conidi, C., Drioli, E., 2010. Recovery and concentration of polyphenols from olive mill wastewaters by integrated membrane system. Water Res. 44, 3883–3892.
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