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A Pathologists Purview of Breast Calcifications

Year 2014, Volume: 39 Issue: 3, 413 - 421, 22.07.2014
https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.51669

Abstract

Accumulation of calcium or calcium salts in breast parenchyma; where it does not belong naturally leads to an abnormality known as Breast Calcification. When such calcifications occur due mineral deposits in individuals with normal calcium levels, these are called as dystrophic calcifications. As against this, metastatic calcification is the term used when calcification occurs in otherwise normal tissue with elevated calcium levels. Although calcifications in breasts are reported with breast cancers; they can also be seen in benign conditions. They cannot be directly seen by the naked eye. Although sonomammography can demonstrate them many times; often the microcalcifications can go un-noticed. X-ray mammography is the best diagnostic tool to show them reliably; on which they appear as white specks or dots. This article puts forth a Pathologist`s purview of breast calcifications.

References

  • Stephens TW, Whitman GJ, Stelling CB. Typical benign calcifications of the breast that do not require biopsy. The Radiologist. 2003;10:1-9.
  • Whitman GJ, Stephens TW, Hopkins K. Benign and malignant breast calcifications. Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology. 2002;25:1-6.
  • Borecky N, Rickard M. Preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma within fibroadenoma on screening mammograms. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2008;52:64-7.
  • Lehman CD, Rutter CM, Eby PR, White E, Buist DS, Taplin SH. Lesion and patient characteristics associated with malignancy after a probably benign finding on community practice mammography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190:511-5.
  • Cardenosa G, Mendelson E, Bassett L, et al. Appropriate imaging work-up of breast microcalcifications. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Radiology. 2000;215:973-80.
  • ACR. American College of Radiology: Illustrated Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS). 3rd ed. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology. 1998.
  • D'Orsi CJ, Bassett LW, Berg WA, et al. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System: ACR BI-RADSMammography (ed 4). 4th. Reston, Virginia: American College of Radiology. 2003.
  • D'Orsi CJ, Kopans DB. Mammographic feature analysis. Semin Roentgenol. 1993;28:204-30.
  • Bassett LW. Mammographic analysis of calcifications. Radiol Clin North Am. 1992;30:93-105.
  • Sickles EA. Breast calcifications: mammographic evaluation. Radiology. 1986;160:289-93.
  • Shin JH, Han BK, Ko EY, Choe YH, Nam SJ. Probably benign breast masses diagnosed by sonography: is there a difference in the cancer rate according to palpability? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192:187-91.
  • Tse, GM; Tan, PH; Pang, ALM; Tang, APY; Cheung, HS. Calcification in breast lesions: pathologists' perspective. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2008;61:145-51.
  • Tse GM, Tan PH, Cheung HS, Chu WC, Lam WW. Intermediate to highly suspicious calcification in breast lesions: a radio-pathologic correlation. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;110:1-7.
  • Salgueira M, Martínez AI, Milán JA. Regression of vascular calcification in a patient treated with cinacalcet: a case report. Nefrologia. 2011;31:602-6.
  • Winchester DP, Jeske JM, Goldschmidt RA. The diagnosis and management of ductal carcinoma insitu of the breast. CA Cancer J Clin. 2000;50:184200.
  • D'Orsi CJ. Imaging for the diagnosis and management of ductal carcinoma in situ. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2010;2010:214-7.
  • Hofvind S, Iversen BF, Eriksen L, Styr BM, Kjellevold K, Kurz KD. Mammographic morphology and distribution of calcifications in ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed in organized screening. Acta Radiol. 2011;52:481-7.
  • Winston JS, Yeh IT, Evers K, Friedman AK. Calcium oxalate is associated with benign breast tissue. Can we avoid biopsy? Am J Clin Pathol. 1993;100:488-92.
  • Gallagher R, Schafer G, Redick M, Inciradi M, Smith W, Fan F, Tawfik O. Microcalcifications of the breast: a mammographic-histologic correlation study using a newly designed Path/Rad Tissue Tray. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2012; 16:196-201.
  • Tamaki K, Ishida T, Miyashita M, Amari M, Ohuchi N, Tamaki N, Sasano H.Correlation between mammographic findings and corresponding histopathology:potential predictors for biological characteristics of breast diseases. CancerSci. 2011;102:2179-85.
  • Zhang L, Liu Y, Song F, Zheng H, Hu L, Lu H, Liu P, Hao X, Zhang W, Chen K. Functional SNP in the microRNA-367 binding site in the 3'UTR of the calcium channel ryanodine receptor gene 3 (RYR3) affects breast cancer risk and calcification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108:13653-8.
  • Inoue K, Liu F, Hoppin J, Lunsford EP, Lackas C, Hesterman J, Lenkinski RE, Fujii H, Frangioni JV. High-resolution computed tomography of single breast cancer microcalcifications in vivo. Mol Imaging. 2011;10:295-304.
  • Jiang L, Ma T, Moran MS, Kong X, Li X, Haffty BG, Yang Q. Mammographic features are associated with clinicopathological characteristics in invasive breast cancer. Anticancer Res. 2011;31:2327-34.
  • Bennett RL, Evans AJ, Kutt E, Record C, Bobrow LG, Ellis IO, Hanby A, Moss SM. Pathological and mammographic prognostic factors for screen detected cancers in a multi-centre randomised, controlled trial of mammographic screening in women from age 40 to 48 years. Breast 2011;20:525-8.
  • Yazışma Adresi / Address for Correspondence: Dr. Smita Balwant Sankaye Rural Medical College, PIMS (DU) Loni, Ta-Rahata, Ahmednagar Maharashtra İNDİA Email: smitasankaye@gmail.com G eliş tarihi/Received on: 12.01.2014
  • Kabul tarihi/Accepted on:28.02.2014

Patolog Gözüyle Meme Kalsifikasyonları

Year 2014, Volume: 39 Issue: 3, 413 - 421, 22.07.2014
https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.51669

Abstract

Meme parenkimasında biriken kalsiyum ya da kalsiyum tuzları doğal olmadığı gibi Meme Kalsifikasyonu olarak bilinen anormalliğe yolaçar. Böyle kalsifikasyonlar normal kalsiyum düzeyleriyle mineral depolarında ortaya çıktığı zaman bunlara distrofik kalsifikasyon adı verilir. Bundan farkli olarak normal dokularda kalsiyum düzeyinin artmasıy içinse Metastatik Kalsifikasyon terimi kullanılır. Meme kalsifikasyonları meme kanseriyle birlikte bildirilmelerine rağmen iyi huylu olarakda görülebilir. Bunlar çıplak gözle farkedilemeyebilir. Sonomamografiyle bir çok kez görülmelerine rağmen, mikrokalsifikasyonlar farkedilmez. Bu durumlar için en iyi tanı X-RAY Mamografidir ki burada beyaz leke ya da nokta şeklinde görülürler. Bu makalede bir Patologun Meme Kalsifikasyonuyla ilgili görüşüne yer verilmiştir.

References

  • Stephens TW, Whitman GJ, Stelling CB. Typical benign calcifications of the breast that do not require biopsy. The Radiologist. 2003;10:1-9.
  • Whitman GJ, Stephens TW, Hopkins K. Benign and malignant breast calcifications. Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology. 2002;25:1-6.
  • Borecky N, Rickard M. Preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma within fibroadenoma on screening mammograms. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2008;52:64-7.
  • Lehman CD, Rutter CM, Eby PR, White E, Buist DS, Taplin SH. Lesion and patient characteristics associated with malignancy after a probably benign finding on community practice mammography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190:511-5.
  • Cardenosa G, Mendelson E, Bassett L, et al. Appropriate imaging work-up of breast microcalcifications. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Radiology. 2000;215:973-80.
  • ACR. American College of Radiology: Illustrated Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS). 3rd ed. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology. 1998.
  • D'Orsi CJ, Bassett LW, Berg WA, et al. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System: ACR BI-RADSMammography (ed 4). 4th. Reston, Virginia: American College of Radiology. 2003.
  • D'Orsi CJ, Kopans DB. Mammographic feature analysis. Semin Roentgenol. 1993;28:204-30.
  • Bassett LW. Mammographic analysis of calcifications. Radiol Clin North Am. 1992;30:93-105.
  • Sickles EA. Breast calcifications: mammographic evaluation. Radiology. 1986;160:289-93.
  • Shin JH, Han BK, Ko EY, Choe YH, Nam SJ. Probably benign breast masses diagnosed by sonography: is there a difference in the cancer rate according to palpability? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192:187-91.
  • Tse, GM; Tan, PH; Pang, ALM; Tang, APY; Cheung, HS. Calcification in breast lesions: pathologists' perspective. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2008;61:145-51.
  • Tse GM, Tan PH, Cheung HS, Chu WC, Lam WW. Intermediate to highly suspicious calcification in breast lesions: a radio-pathologic correlation. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;110:1-7.
  • Salgueira M, Martínez AI, Milán JA. Regression of vascular calcification in a patient treated with cinacalcet: a case report. Nefrologia. 2011;31:602-6.
  • Winchester DP, Jeske JM, Goldschmidt RA. The diagnosis and management of ductal carcinoma insitu of the breast. CA Cancer J Clin. 2000;50:184200.
  • D'Orsi CJ. Imaging for the diagnosis and management of ductal carcinoma in situ. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2010;2010:214-7.
  • Hofvind S, Iversen BF, Eriksen L, Styr BM, Kjellevold K, Kurz KD. Mammographic morphology and distribution of calcifications in ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed in organized screening. Acta Radiol. 2011;52:481-7.
  • Winston JS, Yeh IT, Evers K, Friedman AK. Calcium oxalate is associated with benign breast tissue. Can we avoid biopsy? Am J Clin Pathol. 1993;100:488-92.
  • Gallagher R, Schafer G, Redick M, Inciradi M, Smith W, Fan F, Tawfik O. Microcalcifications of the breast: a mammographic-histologic correlation study using a newly designed Path/Rad Tissue Tray. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2012; 16:196-201.
  • Tamaki K, Ishida T, Miyashita M, Amari M, Ohuchi N, Tamaki N, Sasano H.Correlation between mammographic findings and corresponding histopathology:potential predictors for biological characteristics of breast diseases. CancerSci. 2011;102:2179-85.
  • Zhang L, Liu Y, Song F, Zheng H, Hu L, Lu H, Liu P, Hao X, Zhang W, Chen K. Functional SNP in the microRNA-367 binding site in the 3'UTR of the calcium channel ryanodine receptor gene 3 (RYR3) affects breast cancer risk and calcification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108:13653-8.
  • Inoue K, Liu F, Hoppin J, Lunsford EP, Lackas C, Hesterman J, Lenkinski RE, Fujii H, Frangioni JV. High-resolution computed tomography of single breast cancer microcalcifications in vivo. Mol Imaging. 2011;10:295-304.
  • Jiang L, Ma T, Moran MS, Kong X, Li X, Haffty BG, Yang Q. Mammographic features are associated with clinicopathological characteristics in invasive breast cancer. Anticancer Res. 2011;31:2327-34.
  • Bennett RL, Evans AJ, Kutt E, Record C, Bobrow LG, Ellis IO, Hanby A, Moss SM. Pathological and mammographic prognostic factors for screen detected cancers in a multi-centre randomised, controlled trial of mammographic screening in women from age 40 to 48 years. Breast 2011;20:525-8.
  • Yazışma Adresi / Address for Correspondence: Dr. Smita Balwant Sankaye Rural Medical College, PIMS (DU) Loni, Ta-Rahata, Ahmednagar Maharashtra İNDİA Email: smitasankaye@gmail.com G eliş tarihi/Received on: 12.01.2014
  • Kabul tarihi/Accepted on:28.02.2014
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research
Authors

Smita Sankaye This is me

Sushil Kachewar This is me

Publication Date July 22, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 39 Issue: 3

Cite

MLA Sankaye, Smita and Sushil Kachewar. “Patolog Gözüyle Meme Kalsifikasyonları”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 39, no. 3, 2014, pp. 413-21, doi:10.17826/cutf.51669.