Rhodamine B Triggers Ovarian Toxicity Through Oxidative Stress

Year 2014, Volume: 39 Issue: 3, 451 - 457, 22.07.2014

Syiska Atik Maryanti Siti Suciati Endang Sri Wahyuni Sanarto Santoso İ Wayan Arsana Wiyasa

https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.17415

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of exposure to rhodamine B on ovarian oxidative stress, ovarian follicles, hormone 17-estradiol and thickness of endometrium. Methods: A total of 28 female rats were divided into four groups consisting of control; groups treated with rhodamine B at doses of 4.5; 9, and 18 milligram/200 gram body weight. Rhodamine B was administered orally for 36 days with the probe. Analysis of MDA level was done spectrophotometrically. Analysis of the number of ovarian follicles and thickness of endometrium was done histopathologically by hematoxylin eosin staining. Analysis of 17-estradiol level was done by ELISA. Results: Rhodamine B administered in different doses in female rats can increase ovarian MDA levels significantly than the control (P 0.05). Administration of rhodamine B of the second and third doses in female rats can reduce the number of primary, secondary, and De Graaf follicles significantly compared to the control (P 0.05). Administration of rhodamine B of the second and third doses in female rats can reduce 17-estradiol level significantly compared to the control (P 0.05). The administration of rhodamine B could reduce thickness of endometrium significantly compared to the control (P 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that administration of rhodamine B triggered ovarian toxicity through oxidative stress, a decrease in the number of follicles, and decreased level of 17-estradiol which ultimately lowered the thickness of endometrium.

Keywords

Dye, toxicity, ovarium, endometrium, oxidative stress

Rodamin B, Oksidatif Stress Aracılığı ile Ovarian Toksisitesi

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, rodamin B"ye maruziyetin, ovarian oksidatif stress, ovarian folikül, 17&#946;-Estradiol hormonu ve endomerium kalınlığı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak. Materyal Metod: Toplam 28 dişi sıçan kontrol grubu ile birlikte 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Gruplar 4.5, 9 ve 18 miligram/200 gram vücut ağırlığı olacak şekilde rodamin B ile muamele edilmişir.Rodamin B, 36 gün boyunca probla birlikte oral olarak uygulanmıştır. MDA seviyelerinin analizi spektrofotometrik olarak yapılmıştır. Ovarian folikül sayısı ve endometrium kalınlığı analizleri histopatolojik olarak hematoksilin eozin boyama ile yapılmıştır. 17&#946;-Estradiol seviyesi ELISA ile ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Dişi sıçanlara farklı dozlarda Rodamin B uygulanması, ovarian MDA seviyelerini kontrollere gore anlamlı şekilde arttırmıştır (P < 0.05). Dişi sıçanlarda rodamin B"nin 2. ve 3. dozları primer, sekonder ve De Graaf folikül sayısını kontrollerle karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak azaltmıştır (P < 0.05). Dişi sıçanlarda rodamin B"nin 2. ve 3. dozlarının uygulanması 17&#946;-estradiol seviyesini kontrollerle karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak azaltmıştır (P < 0.05). Rodamin B uygulanması endometrium kalınlığını kontrollerle karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak azaltmıştır (P < 0.05). Sonuç: Rodamin B uygulamasının, oksidatif stress aracılığı ile ovarian toksisitesini tetiklediği, folikül sayısını azalttığı ve, 17&#946;-Estradiol seviyesini azaltalarak endometriyum kalınlığını düşürdüğü sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Boya, Toksisite, ovarian, endometriyum, oksidatif stres

References

• Tsuda S, Murakami M, Matsusaka N, Kano K, Taniguchi K, Sasaki YF. DNA Damage induced by red food dyes orally administered to pregnant and male mice. Toxicol Sci. 2001;61:92–9.
• Sasaki YF, KawaguchiS, Kamaya A, Ohshita M, Kabasawa K, Iwama K, Taniguchi K, Tsuda S, The comet assay with 8 mouse organs: results with 39 currently used food additives. Mutat Res. 2002;519:103–19.
• EFSA. Opinion of the scientific panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food on a request from the commission to review the toxicology of a number of dyes illegally present in food in the EU. European Food Saf Authority J. 2005;263:1-71.
• Mizuno N, Fujiwara A, Morita E. Effect of dyes on the photodecomposition of pyridoxine and pyridoxamine, J Pharm Pharmacol. 1981;33:373–6.
• Wang H, Lu L, Zhu S, Li Y, Cai W. The phototoxicity of xanthene derivatives against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Microbiol. 2006;52:1–5.
• Shea CR, Chen N, Wimberly J, Hasan T. Rhodamine dyes as potential agents for photochemotherapy of cancer in human bladder carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 1989;49:3961–5.
• Tamura H, Takasaki A, Taketani T, Tanabe M, Kizuka F, Lee L, Tamura I, Maekawa R, Aasada H, Yamagata Y, Sugino N. The role of melatonin as an antioxidant in the follicle. J Ovarian Res. 2012;5:5.
• Agarwal A, Mellado AA, Premkumar BJ, Shaman A, Gupta S. The effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2012;10:49.
• Metawie MAEH, Mouselly M. Antral follicular count as a predictor of ovarian respon in induction of ovulation in patients with anovulatory Infertility. Suez Canal Univ Med J. 2003;6:35-40.
• Siswati P, Slamet JS. The study of hepatotoxicity from food dye on mice (Mus musculus) Australian strain. Indon J Toxicol 2000;1:18.
• Freeman ME. In: Knobil, E., and Neill, J.D. (eds). The physiology of reproduction. New York, Raven Press. 1994;613–47.
• Lemaire B, Priede IG, Collins MA, Bailey DM, Schtickzelle N, Thomé JP, Rees JF. Effects of organochlorines on cytochrome p450 activity and antioxidant enzymes in liver of roundnose grenadier coryphaenoides rupestris. Aquatic Biol. 2010;8:161–
• Tbei K. Ion-association reagents: a review. Analyt Sci. 1987;3:459-479.
• Bolton JL, Trush MA, Penning TM, Dryhurst G, Monks TJ. Role of quinones in toxicology. Chem ResToxicol. 2000;13:135-60.
• Madeo J, Zubair A, Marianne, F. A review on the role of quinones in renal disorders. Springer Plus. 2013;2:139.
• Mottram LF, Forbes S, Ackley BD, Peterson BR. Hydrophobic analogues of rhodamine B and rhodamine 101: potent fluorescent probes of mictochondra in living C. elegans. Beilstein J Org Chem. 2012;8:2156-65.
• Regan KS, Cline JM, Creasy D, Davis B, Foley GL, Lanning L, Latendresse JR, Makris, S, Morton D, Rehm S, Stebbins K. Ovarian follicular counting in the assessment of rodent reproductive toxicity. Toxicol Pathol. 2005;33:409–12.
• Wu J, Tian Q. Role of follicle stimulating hormone and epidermal growth factor in the development of porcrine preantral follicle in vitro. Zygote. 2007;15:233-40.
• Tomic, D, Frech MS, Babus JK, Symonds D, Furth PA, Koos RD, Flaws JA. Effects of ER α overexpression on female reproduction in mice. Reprod Toxicol. 2007;23:317–25.
• Nelson LR, Bulun SE. Estrogen production and action. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;45:116–24.
• Drummond A.E, Findlay JK. The role of estrogen in folliculogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1999;151:57–
• Juengel JL, Heath DA, Quirke LD, Mc-Natty KP. Oestrogen receptor a and b, androgen receptor and progesterone receptor mRNA and protein localization within the developing ovary and in small growing follicles of sheep. Reproduction. 2006;131:81–92.
• Barp J, Aroujo AS, Fernandes TR, Rigatto KV, Llesuy S, Bello-Klein A. Myocardial antioxidant oxidative stres changes due to sex hormones. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2002;35:1075–81.
• Bureau I, Laporte F, Favier M, Faure H, Fields M, Favier AE. Roussel AM. No antioxidant effect of combined HRT on LDL oxidizability and oxidative stress biomakers in treated post-menopausal women. J Am Coll Nutr. 2002;21:333–8.
• Kaipia A, Hsueh AJW. Regulation of ovarian follicle atresia. Annual Rev Physiol. 1997;59:349–63.
• Martimbeau S, Tilly JL. Physiological cell death in endocrine-dependent tissues: an ovarian perspective. Clin Endocrinol. 1997;46:241–54.
• Motta AB, Estevez A, Franchi A, Perez-Martinez S, Farina M, Ribeiro ML, Lassere A, Gimeno MF. Regulation of lipid peroxidation by nitric oxide and PGF 2 during luteal regreeion in rats. Reproduction. 2001;121:631-7.
• Mingels MJJ, Geels YP, Pijnenborg JMA, van der Wurff AA, van Tilborg AAG, van Ham MAPC, Massuger LFAG, Bulten J. Histopathologic assesment of the entire endometrium in asymptomatic women. Hum Pathol. 2013;44:229330
• Yazışma Adresi / Address for Correspondence: Dr. Syiska Atik Maryanti Brawijaya University Faculty of Medicine Midwifery Master Study Programme, Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java, INDONESIA Email: [e-mail] G eliş tarihi/Received on: 30.01.2014
• Kabul tarihi/Accepted on:28.02.2014