N-3 çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri alımı ve depresyon üzerine etkileri: güncel literatür ne öneriyor?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 45 Sayı: 4, 1803 - 1817, 27.12.2020

Şeyma Kalkuz , Reyhan Nergiz Ünal

Öz

Günümüzde depresyon, sebepleri anlaşılmaya çalışılan ve tedavi yöntemleri üzerine pek çok araştırma yapılan güncel bir konu haline gelmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalara göre hem bireysel hem de toplumsal boyutta önemli bir halk sağlığı problemi haline gelmeye başlayan bu soruna, diyetteki n-3 çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinin etkisinin irdelenmesi önemlidir. Depresyon tedavisinde n-3 çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinin rolleri, son on yılda yaygınlaşan depresyon tanısı nedeniyle artan hızda çalışılmaktadır. Depresyon tedavisinde n-3 çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinin anti-inflamatuar etkiler göstererek, membran akışkanlığını arttırarak, nörotransmitter geçişini değiştirerek, hipotalamus-hipofiz-adrenal aksın aktivitesini ve nörotrofik faktörlerin seviyelerini etkileyerek ve nöroplastisiteyi arttırarak etkili olabileceği birçok çalışmada bildirilmiştir. Bireye özel uygun miktarlarda n-3 çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri kulanımı ile ilişkili bir yan etkinin henüz belirlenmemiş olması nedeniyle daha fazla araştırma yapılmaktadır. Birçok çalışma tarafından n-3 çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinin etkinliği kanıtlanmış olsa da, ‘ayrı ayrı ya da birlikte kullanımları’ ve ‘depresyon tedavisinde tek başına, alternatif tedavi yöntemi olarak kullanılabilirliği’ konuları hala tartışmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Depresyon, yağ asitleri, omega-3, balık yağları, lipidler

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and effects on depression: what is suggested by the current literature?

Öz

Depression has become a current issue which is tried to be understood and where many researches are made on the causes of and treatment methods. According to the studies, it is important to examine the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet as depression is becoming an important public health problem both in individual and social dimensions. The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of depression is being studied at an increasing rate due to the diagnosis of depression which has become widespread in the last decade. It has been reported in many studies that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be effective in the treatment of depression by presenting anti-inflammatory effects, increasing membrane fluidity, altering neurotransmitter passage, affecting the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, increasing levels of neurotrophic factors. Further research is being conducted as there is no identified side effect associated with the use of n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids in appropriate amounts. Although the efficacy of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been proven by many studies, the issues of "efficacy of their use individually or in combination" and "usability as an alternative therapy in the treatment of depression" remain controversial.

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