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Aşı reddi nedenleri ve aşılar hakkındaki görüşler

Year 2021, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 166 - 176, 31.03.2021

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, dünya genelinde ve ülkemizde giderek artan aşı reddinin sebeplerini ve aşılarla ilgili görüşleri ortaya koyabilmek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Adana ili merkez ilçelerinden çocukluk çağı aşıları için aşı reddinde bulunan aileler ve kontrol grubu olarak da çocuğuna aşı yaptıran aileler tespit edildi. Çalışmamızın örneklem grubunu, aşı reddi grubunda yer alan 61 ebeveyn ve çocuklarına aşı yaptırmayı kabul eden kontrol grubundaki 148 ebeveyn (toplam 209 katılımcı) oluşturmaktadır.
Bulgular: Aşı reddinde bulunulan çocukların 49’u (%80,3) daha önce aşı olmuşlardır. Aşı reddi grubundaki 61 ailenin 36’sında en az 1 üniversite mezunu ebeveyn (%59) mevcut iken 10 ailede ise lise mezunu ve üzeri ebeveyn (%16,4) bulunmamaktadır. Kontrol grubundaki ailelerin 56’sında en az bir üniversite mezunu ebeveyn (%37,8) mevcuttu. Ebeveyn açısından aşı reddinin en sık sebebi aşılara güven duymamaları/yan etkileri hakkında endişe sahibi olmaları %96,7 (n=59) olarak belirlendi. Kontrol grubundaki ebeveynin %27,4’ü aşılarla ilgili medyada çıkan olumsuz haberlerin düşüncesini etkileyebileceğini belirtmektedir. Sonuç: Aşı reddi tek bir sebebe bağlı olmayıp birçok faktörden etkilenen kompleks bir durumdur. Ülkemizde aşılarla ilgili tereddüdlerin giderilmesi sadece aşı reddinde bulunan aileler için değil aynı zamanda aşı tereddüdü olan diğer tüm bireyler için de önemlidir.

Supporting Institution

Çukurova Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Project Number

TTU-2019- 11675

Thanks

Doç.Dr.İlker Ünal'a ileri istatistik analizlere yaptığı katkı nedeniyle teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • 1. Yörük F. Erişkinde bağışıklama. https://www.klimik.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/immunoprofilaksi-F%C3%9CGEN-Y%C3%96R%C3%9CK.pdf (accessed September 2020).
  • 2. World Health Organization (DSÖ). Health topics, immunization. https://www.who.int/topics/immunization/en/ (accessed September 2020).
  • 3. Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) .Vaccines and immunizations. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/immunity-types.htm (accessed September 2020).
  • 4. World Health Organization (DSÖ). Health topics, vaccines. https://www.WHO.int/topics/vaccines/en/ (accessed September 2020).
  • 5. Türk Tabipleri Birliği Yayınları. Birinci basamak sağlık çalışanları için aşı rehberi. http://www.ttb.org.tr/kutuphane/asi_rehberi.pdf (accessed September 2020).
  • 6. Larsona HJ, Jarrett C, Schulz WS , Chaudhuri M , Zhouc Y, Dube E et al. Vaccine Hesitancy.https://www.DSÖ.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/october/1_Report_WORKING_GROUP_vaccine_hesitancy_final.pdf (accessed September 2020).
  • 7. World Health Organisation . https://www.DSÖ.int/emergencies/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019 (accessed September 2020).
  • 8. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Aşı Portalı. https://asi.saglik.gov.tr/ (accessed September 2020).
  • 9. Bekis Bozkurt H. Aşı reddine genel bir bakış ve literatürün gözden geçirilmesi. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences. 2018; 8(1):71–76.
  • 10. Hasar M. Adana’da aşı reddi nedenleri ve aşılarla ilgili görüşler.Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi. Adana, Çukurova Üniversitesi, 2020.
  • 11. Argüt N, Yetim A, Gökçay G. Aşı kabulünü etkileyen faktörler. Çocuk Dergisi 2016;16:1-2.
  • 12. WONCA Europe. Aile hekimliği/genel pratisyenlik Avrupa tanımı. https://www.woncaeurope.org/file/28b50fc9-f884-44ef-963d-128d14b5fb98/WONCA%20definition%20Turkish%20version.pdf (accessed September 2020).
  • 13. Üzüm Ö, Eliaçık K, Hortu Ösdemir H, Karadağ Öncel E. Ebeveynlerin aşı yaklaşımlarını etkileyen faktörler: bir eğitim araştırma hastanesine ilişkin değerlendirme. Journal of Pediatric Infection 2019;13(3):144-149.
  • 14. Sayman Aksu Ö. İstanbul’un iki ilçesindeki belediyeye bağlı çocuk yuvası velilerinin aşı kararsızlığının değerlendirilmesi. Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Haydarpaşa Numune Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi. İstanbul,2019.
  • 15. Chan K, Lee SY. Why do some Korean parents hesitate to vaccinate their children? Epidemiology Health 2019;41:e2019031.
  • 16. Napolitano F, D'Alessandro A, Angelillo IF. Investigating Italian parents' vaccine hesitancy: a cross-sectional survey. Hum Vacc Immunother 2018;14(7):1558-65.
  • 17. Kara SS, Polat M, Yayla BC, Bedir Demirdag T, Tapisiz A, Tezer H et al. Parental vaccine knowledge and behaviours: a survey of Turkish families. E Medıterr Health J 2018; 24(5): 451-458.
  • 18. Nitsch-Osuch , Pawlus B, Pawlak M, Kuchar E. Decreasing vaccination coverage against hepatitis B and tuberculosis in Newborns. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2020;1251:99-105.
  • 19. Byström E, Lindstrand A, Bergström J, Riesbeck K , Roth A. Confidence in the National Immunization Program among parents in Sweden 2016 – a cross-sectional survey. Elsevier 2020;38(22):3909-3917.
  • 20. Aslan S. Türkiye’de aşılara karşı çıkan ebeveynlerin aşılar hakkındaki düşünceleri ve inanışları: kalitatif çalışma (Uzmanlık tezi). Ankara, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, 2018.
  • 21. Özceylan G, Toprak D, Esen ES. Vaccine rejection and hesitation in Turkey. Hum Vacc Immunother 2020;16(5):1034-1039.
  • 22. Opel DJ, Mangione-Smith R, Taylor JA, Korfiatis C, Wiese C, Catz S et al. Development of a survey to identify vaccine-hesitant parents: the parent attitudes about childhood vaccines survey. Hum Vaccines 2011;7(4):419-25.
  • 23. McKee C, Bohannon K. Exploring the reasons behind parental refusal of vaccines. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2016;21(2):104-09.
  • 24. Luyten J, Bruyneel L, van Hoek AJ. Assessing vaccine hesitancy in the UK population using a generalized vaccine hesitancy survey instrument. Vaccine 2019;37(18):2494-501.
  • 25. Gilkey MB, McRee AL, Magnus BE, Reiter PL, Dempsey AF, Brewer NT. Vaccination confidence and parental refusal/delay of early childhood vaccines. PloS One. 2016;11(7):e0159087.
  • 26. Topçu S, Almış H, Başkan S, Turgut M, Orhon F.Ş, Ulukol B. Evaluation of childhood vaccine refusal and hesitancy intentions in Turkey. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics 2018;86(1):38-43.
  • 27. Reich JA. “We are fierce, independent thinkers and intelligent”: Social capital and stigma management among mothers who refuse vaccines. Social Science & Medicine https://clas.ucdenver.edu/sociology/sites/default/files/attached-files/reich-fierce_independent-social_capital-ssm-online-2019.pdf (accessed September 2020).
  • 28. McClure C, Cataldi JR, O’Leary ST. Vaccine hesitancy: Where we are and where we are going. Clin Ther 2017;39(8):1550-1562.
  • 29. Gesualdo F, Zamperini N, Tozzi AE. To talk better about vaccines, we should talk less about vaccines. Vaccine 2018;36(34):5107-5108.
  • 30. Leask J. Should we do battle with antivaccination activists?.Public Health Res Pract 2015;25(2):e2521515.
  • 31. Hu D, Martin C, Dredze M, Broniatowski DA. Chinese social media suggest decreased vaccine acceptance in China: an observational study on Weibo following the 2018 Changchun Changsheng vaccine incident. Vaccine 2020;38(13):2764-2770.
  • 32. Kennedy J. Vaccine hesitancy: a growing concern. Pediatric Drugs 2020;2:105-111.
  • 33. Bradshaw AS, Treise D, Shelton SS, Cretul M, Raisa A, Bajalia A et al. Propagandizing anti-vaccination: analysis of vaccines revealed documentary series. Vaccine 2020;38(8):2058-2069.
  • 34. Carrieri V, Madio L, Principe F. Vaccine hesitancy and (fake) news: Quasi‐experimental evidence from Italy. Health Econ 2019;28(11):1377-1382.
  • 35. Davies P, Chapman S, Leask J. Antivaccination activists on the world wide web. Archives of disease in childhood 2002;87(1):22-25.
  • 36. Donzelli G, Palomba G, Federigi I, Aquino F, Cioni L, Verani M et al. Misinformation on vaccination: A quantitative analysis of YouTube videos. Hum Vacc Immunother 2018;14(7):1654-1659.
  • 37. Çıklar S. Annelerin çocukluk ve erişkin dönemi aşıları hakkındaki bilgi, davranış ve tutumlarının belirlenmesi ve kendi ve çocukları için aşı yaptırıp yaptırmama nedenlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi. Hatay, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2019.
  • 38. Ghaswalla P, Poirrier JEM, Packnett ER, Irwin DE, Gray SR, Buck PO. Maternal immunization in the U.S.: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Am J Prev Med 2019;57(3):e87-e93.
  • 39. Brewer NT, Chapman GB, Gibbons FX, Gerrard M, McCaul KD, Weinstein ND. Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: The example of vaccination. Health Psychol 2007;26(2):2136-145.

Reasons for vaccine rejection and opinions on vaccines

Year 2021, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 166 - 176, 31.03.2021

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to reveal the reasons of vaccine rejection and the opinions about vaccines that are increasing in the world and in our country.
Materials and Methods: Families who refused vaccines for childhood vaccinations from centraldistrict of Adana and families who had their children vaccinated as a control group were identified. The sample group of our study consisted of 61 parents in the vaccine rejection group and 148 parents in the control group (209 participants in total) who agreed to vaccinate their children.
Results: 49 (80.3%) of the children who were rejected were vaccinated before. 36 of 61 families in the vaccine rejection group have at least one parent (59%) with a university degree, while there are no parents with a high school or higher degree (16.4%) in 10 families. While 56 of the families in the control group have at least one parent with a university degree (37.8%). the most common reason for the rejection of vaccines in terms of parents was determined to be 96.7% (n=59) of not having confidence in vaccines / having anxiety about their side effects. 27.4% of the parents in the control group stated that negative news about vaccines in the media might affect their opinion.
Conclusion: Vaccine rejection is not due to a single cause, but a complex condition that is affected by many factors. In Turkey, eliminating hesitations about vaccines is important not only for families who refuse vaccines, but also for all other individuals who hesitate to vaccinate.

Project Number

TTU-2019- 11675

References

  • 1. Yörük F. Erişkinde bağışıklama. https://www.klimik.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/immunoprofilaksi-F%C3%9CGEN-Y%C3%96R%C3%9CK.pdf (accessed September 2020).
  • 2. World Health Organization (DSÖ). Health topics, immunization. https://www.who.int/topics/immunization/en/ (accessed September 2020).
  • 3. Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) .Vaccines and immunizations. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/immunity-types.htm (accessed September 2020).
  • 4. World Health Organization (DSÖ). Health topics, vaccines. https://www.WHO.int/topics/vaccines/en/ (accessed September 2020).
  • 5. Türk Tabipleri Birliği Yayınları. Birinci basamak sağlık çalışanları için aşı rehberi. http://www.ttb.org.tr/kutuphane/asi_rehberi.pdf (accessed September 2020).
  • 6. Larsona HJ, Jarrett C, Schulz WS , Chaudhuri M , Zhouc Y, Dube E et al. Vaccine Hesitancy.https://www.DSÖ.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/october/1_Report_WORKING_GROUP_vaccine_hesitancy_final.pdf (accessed September 2020).
  • 7. World Health Organisation . https://www.DSÖ.int/emergencies/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019 (accessed September 2020).
  • 8. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Aşı Portalı. https://asi.saglik.gov.tr/ (accessed September 2020).
  • 9. Bekis Bozkurt H. Aşı reddine genel bir bakış ve literatürün gözden geçirilmesi. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences. 2018; 8(1):71–76.
  • 10. Hasar M. Adana’da aşı reddi nedenleri ve aşılarla ilgili görüşler.Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi. Adana, Çukurova Üniversitesi, 2020.
  • 11. Argüt N, Yetim A, Gökçay G. Aşı kabulünü etkileyen faktörler. Çocuk Dergisi 2016;16:1-2.
  • 12. WONCA Europe. Aile hekimliği/genel pratisyenlik Avrupa tanımı. https://www.woncaeurope.org/file/28b50fc9-f884-44ef-963d-128d14b5fb98/WONCA%20definition%20Turkish%20version.pdf (accessed September 2020).
  • 13. Üzüm Ö, Eliaçık K, Hortu Ösdemir H, Karadağ Öncel E. Ebeveynlerin aşı yaklaşımlarını etkileyen faktörler: bir eğitim araştırma hastanesine ilişkin değerlendirme. Journal of Pediatric Infection 2019;13(3):144-149.
  • 14. Sayman Aksu Ö. İstanbul’un iki ilçesindeki belediyeye bağlı çocuk yuvası velilerinin aşı kararsızlığının değerlendirilmesi. Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Haydarpaşa Numune Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi. İstanbul,2019.
  • 15. Chan K, Lee SY. Why do some Korean parents hesitate to vaccinate their children? Epidemiology Health 2019;41:e2019031.
  • 16. Napolitano F, D'Alessandro A, Angelillo IF. Investigating Italian parents' vaccine hesitancy: a cross-sectional survey. Hum Vacc Immunother 2018;14(7):1558-65.
  • 17. Kara SS, Polat M, Yayla BC, Bedir Demirdag T, Tapisiz A, Tezer H et al. Parental vaccine knowledge and behaviours: a survey of Turkish families. E Medıterr Health J 2018; 24(5): 451-458.
  • 18. Nitsch-Osuch , Pawlus B, Pawlak M, Kuchar E. Decreasing vaccination coverage against hepatitis B and tuberculosis in Newborns. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2020;1251:99-105.
  • 19. Byström E, Lindstrand A, Bergström J, Riesbeck K , Roth A. Confidence in the National Immunization Program among parents in Sweden 2016 – a cross-sectional survey. Elsevier 2020;38(22):3909-3917.
  • 20. Aslan S. Türkiye’de aşılara karşı çıkan ebeveynlerin aşılar hakkındaki düşünceleri ve inanışları: kalitatif çalışma (Uzmanlık tezi). Ankara, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, 2018.
  • 21. Özceylan G, Toprak D, Esen ES. Vaccine rejection and hesitation in Turkey. Hum Vacc Immunother 2020;16(5):1034-1039.
  • 22. Opel DJ, Mangione-Smith R, Taylor JA, Korfiatis C, Wiese C, Catz S et al. Development of a survey to identify vaccine-hesitant parents: the parent attitudes about childhood vaccines survey. Hum Vaccines 2011;7(4):419-25.
  • 23. McKee C, Bohannon K. Exploring the reasons behind parental refusal of vaccines. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2016;21(2):104-09.
  • 24. Luyten J, Bruyneel L, van Hoek AJ. Assessing vaccine hesitancy in the UK population using a generalized vaccine hesitancy survey instrument. Vaccine 2019;37(18):2494-501.
  • 25. Gilkey MB, McRee AL, Magnus BE, Reiter PL, Dempsey AF, Brewer NT. Vaccination confidence and parental refusal/delay of early childhood vaccines. PloS One. 2016;11(7):e0159087.
  • 26. Topçu S, Almış H, Başkan S, Turgut M, Orhon F.Ş, Ulukol B. Evaluation of childhood vaccine refusal and hesitancy intentions in Turkey. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics 2018;86(1):38-43.
  • 27. Reich JA. “We are fierce, independent thinkers and intelligent”: Social capital and stigma management among mothers who refuse vaccines. Social Science & Medicine https://clas.ucdenver.edu/sociology/sites/default/files/attached-files/reich-fierce_independent-social_capital-ssm-online-2019.pdf (accessed September 2020).
  • 28. McClure C, Cataldi JR, O’Leary ST. Vaccine hesitancy: Where we are and where we are going. Clin Ther 2017;39(8):1550-1562.
  • 29. Gesualdo F, Zamperini N, Tozzi AE. To talk better about vaccines, we should talk less about vaccines. Vaccine 2018;36(34):5107-5108.
  • 30. Leask J. Should we do battle with antivaccination activists?.Public Health Res Pract 2015;25(2):e2521515.
  • 31. Hu D, Martin C, Dredze M, Broniatowski DA. Chinese social media suggest decreased vaccine acceptance in China: an observational study on Weibo following the 2018 Changchun Changsheng vaccine incident. Vaccine 2020;38(13):2764-2770.
  • 32. Kennedy J. Vaccine hesitancy: a growing concern. Pediatric Drugs 2020;2:105-111.
  • 33. Bradshaw AS, Treise D, Shelton SS, Cretul M, Raisa A, Bajalia A et al. Propagandizing anti-vaccination: analysis of vaccines revealed documentary series. Vaccine 2020;38(8):2058-2069.
  • 34. Carrieri V, Madio L, Principe F. Vaccine hesitancy and (fake) news: Quasi‐experimental evidence from Italy. Health Econ 2019;28(11):1377-1382.
  • 35. Davies P, Chapman S, Leask J. Antivaccination activists on the world wide web. Archives of disease in childhood 2002;87(1):22-25.
  • 36. Donzelli G, Palomba G, Federigi I, Aquino F, Cioni L, Verani M et al. Misinformation on vaccination: A quantitative analysis of YouTube videos. Hum Vacc Immunother 2018;14(7):1654-1659.
  • 37. Çıklar S. Annelerin çocukluk ve erişkin dönemi aşıları hakkındaki bilgi, davranış ve tutumlarının belirlenmesi ve kendi ve çocukları için aşı yaptırıp yaptırmama nedenlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi. Hatay, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2019.
  • 38. Ghaswalla P, Poirrier JEM, Packnett ER, Irwin DE, Gray SR, Buck PO. Maternal immunization in the U.S.: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Am J Prev Med 2019;57(3):e87-e93.
  • 39. Brewer NT, Chapman GB, Gibbons FX, Gerrard M, McCaul KD, Weinstein ND. Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: The example of vaccination. Health Psychol 2007;26(2):2136-145.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section Research
Authors

Muhammet Hasar 0000-0001-6892-4507

Z. Yelda Özer 0000-0003-4753-1311

Nafiz Bozdemir 0000-0002-2204-9820

Project Number TTU-2019- 11675
Publication Date March 31, 2021
Acceptance Date November 11, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 46 Issue: 1

Cite

MLA Hasar, Muhammet et al. “Aşı Reddi Nedenleri Ve aşılar hakkındaki görüşler”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 46, no. 1, 2021, pp. 166-7.